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  • 1
    ISSN: 0891-2416 , 0891-2416
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (22 Seiten)
    Publ. der Quelle: London [u.a.] : Sage Publ.
    Angaben zur Quelle: 50,1, Seiten 77-98
    DDC: 390
    Keywords: reflexivity ; collaboration ; ethnographic knowledge production ; anthropology ; interpretative authority ; Bräuche, Etikette, Folklore
    Abstract: In ethnographic research and analysis, reflexivity is vital to achieving constant coordination between field and concept work. However, it has been conceptualized predominantly as an ethnographer’s individual mental capacity. In this article, we draw on ten years of experience in conducting research together with partners from social psychiatry and mental health care across different research projects. We unfold three modes of achieving reflexivity co-laboratively: contrasting and discussing disciplinary concepts in interdisciplinary working groups and feedback workshops; joint data interpretation and writing; and participating in political agenda setting. Engaging these modes reveals reflexivity as a distributed process able to strengthen the ethnographer’s interpretative authority, and also able to constantly push the conceptual boundaries of the participating disciplines and professions.
    Abstract: Peer Reviewed
    URL: Volltext  (kostenfrei)
    URL: Volltext  (kostenfrei)
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  • 2
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (75 Seiten)
    Dissertation note: Masterarbeit Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin 2018
    DDC: 300
    Keywords: Hochschulschrift ; Modelle ; Anthropologie ; Ethnografie ; Wissenschafts- und Technikforschung ; Wissenspraxen ; Computersimulation ; Bifurkation ; Ontologie ; Modi des Schlussfolgerns ; Visualisierung ; Experiment ; Sozio-Ökologie ; Materiell-semiotisch ; Epistemologie ; modelling ; anthropology ; Science and Technology Studies ; knowledge practices ; ethnography ; simulation ; bifurcation ; ontology ; epistemology ; ontological transformativity ; inference ; visualization ; experimentation ; socio-ecology ; material semiotics ; Sozialwissenschaften
    Abstract: Diese Arbeit basiert auf einer explorierenden ethnografischen Forschung bei einer interdisziplinären Forschungsgruppe, die mathematische Modelle und Computersimulationen komplexer sozio-ökologischer Transformationen entwickelt. Die detaillierte empirische Beschreibung von Wissenspraxen in der Modellierung trägt zu ihrem grundlegenden Verständnis seitens der Sozialanthropologie und Wissenschaft- und Technikforschung bei. Dabei werden Konzepte wie Bifurkation, Irreversibiltätsgrade und Alignment (Ausrichtung) operationalisiert. Theoretisch Diskussionen betreffen die Kollektivität wissenschaftlicher Praxis, die Epistemologie von Computersimulationen, Materialität in Experimenten, Laborstudien und Ontologie. Modellkonstruktion und –läufe können als Prozess beschrieben werden, in dem Modellformate durch materiell-semiotische Praxen – vereinfachen, experimentieren, und visualisieren – iterativ und kontinuierlich aufeinander ausgerichtet werden. Die verschiedenen Praxen sind dabei mit bestimmten Formaten jeweils besonders verbunden. Das Konzept des Formats verdeutlicht dabei die verschiedenen Arten und Weisen in denen ein Modell in alltäglichen Praxen hervorgebracht wird: als Gleichungen und Computercode, als Visualisierung, Plot, Text, oder mentales Modell. Dabei trägt jedes Format etwas Eigenes zu dem Modell bei, in einer Art des produktiven nicht-ausgerichtet Seins. Schließlich werden den Modellen zugrunde liegende epistemologische und ontologische Annahmen über „das Soziale“, „das Natürliche“ und „das Hybride“ als separaten Sphären problematisiert – ein nötiger Schritt, um die drängenden hybriden, sozio-ökologischen Prozessen des Anthropozäns zu verstehen. Mit Bezug auf eine „Bayessche Anthropologie“ (Kockelman) wird versuchsweise eine alternative Rahmung dieser ontologischen Annahmen und der aus ihnen folgenden Probleme des Schlussfolgerns vorgeschlagen.
    Abstract: This thesis builds on exploratory ethnographic research with an interdisciplinary research group that constructed mathematical models and computer simulations of complex socio-ecological transformations. In giving a detailed and empirically grounded account of modelling practices in a specific setting this work develops a basic understanding of modelling practices from the perspective of social anthropology and Science and Technology Studies. It operationalizes several concepts such as bifurcation, degree of irreversibility and alignment. Theoretical discussions concern collectivity in scientific practice, epistemology of computer simulations, materiality in experiments, laboratory studies and ontology. Building and running models can be described as a process of iteratively and continuously aligning model formats through material-semiotic practices of simplification, experimentation and visualization. These practices are each related to some model formats more than to others. The notion of “format” captures the different ways in which “the model” appears in everyday practices: as equations and code, but also as visualizations, plots of model output, descriptive text in a paper and as mental models. In a productive misalignment, each format contributes something particular to the model. Finally, this work problematizes underlying epistemological and ontological assumptions about “the social”, “the natural” and “the hybrid” as separate spheres, which is necessary in order to come to terms with hybrid, socio-ecological processes as they become more and more pressing in the Anthropocene. With reference to “Bayesian Anthropology” (Kockelman) it tentatively suggests an alternative framing of these ontological assumptions and the resulting problems of inference.
    URL: Volltext  (kostenfrei)
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Berlin : Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin
    In:  23,8–9, Seiten 1051-1059
    ISSN: 0893-6080 , 0893-6080
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (22 Seiten)
    Publ. der Quelle: : Elsevier
    Angaben zur Quelle: 23,8–9, Seiten 1051-1059
    DDC: 300
    Keywords: culture ; brain ; cultural neuroscience ; neuroanthropology ; patterns of practice ; anthropology ; social neuroscience ; sociology ; social cognition ; Sozialwissenschaften ; Soziologie und Anthropologie ; Medizin und Gesundheit
    Abstract: Recent findings in neuroscience have shown differential patterns in brain activity in response to similar stimuli and activities across cultural and social differences. This calls for a framework to understand how such differences may come to be implemented in brains and neurons. Based on strands of research in social anthropology, we argue that human practices are characterized by particular patterns, and that participating in these patterns orders how people perceive and act in particular group- and context-specific ways. This then leads to a particular patterning of neuronal processes that may be detected using e.g. brain imaging methods. We illustrate this through (a) a classical example of phoneme perception (b) recent work on performance in experimental game play. We then discuss these findings in the light of predictive models of brain function. We argue that a 'culture as patterned practices' approach obviates a rigid nature-culture distinction, avoids the problems involved in conceptualizing 'culture' as a homogenous grouping variable, and suggests that participating as a competent participant in particular practices may affect both the subjective (first person) experience and (third person) objective measures of behavior and brain activity.
    Abstract: Peer Reviewed
    Note: Published first as (erstmalig folgendermaßen erschienen): Andreas Roepstorff, Jörg Niewöhner, and Stefan Beck: “Enculturing Brains Through Patterned Practices”. In: Neural Networks 23.8–9 (2010), pages 1051–1059. DOI: 10.1016/j.neunet.2010.08.002
    URL: Volltext  (kostenfrei)
    URL: Volltext  (kostenfrei)
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