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  • MPI Ethno. Forsch.  (460)
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  • English  (460)
  • Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute  (448)
  • Basel : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute  (12)
  • Technology: general issues  (460)
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  • MPI Ethno. Forsch.  (460)
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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Sustainable production of metals for low-carbon technologies (2023)
    Basel : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute | The Hague : OAPEN FOUNDATION
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036597164
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (vii, 167 Seiten) , Illustrationen, Diagramme, Karten
    Series Statement: Minerals
    Keywords: Technology: general issues ; History of engineering & technology ; Mining technology & engineering ; flotation circuit ; gold ore ; diagnosis ; optimization ; mass balance ; process simulation ; printed circuit boards ; heat treatment ; strength ; liberation ; Cu recovery ; physical separation ; ferronickel slag ; sulfuric acid leaching ; light magnesium oxide ; rare earth elements ; magnetic separation ; upgradation ; Khalzan Buregtei deposit ; NiMH batteries ; rare earth metals ; leaching ; solvent extraction ; precipitation ; gold ; cementation ; galvanic interaction ; aluminum ; activated carbon ; kinetics ; ammonium thiosulfate solution ; mass transfer ; fluorine ; occurrence ; removal ; gravity-flotation separation ; lignite ; lead ; zinc ; Al metal powder ; zinc plant leach residues ; flotation ; copper sulfides ; tailings ; carrier flotation ; flocculation ; oil agglomeration ; complex sulfide ores ; sphalerite ; anglesite ; extraction ; lithium ion battery ; recycling ; carbothermic reduction ; graphite ; porphyry copper deposits ; chalcopyrite ; pyrite ; n/a
    Abstract: A high demand for metals (cobalt, copper, gold, lithium, nickel, tin, vanadium, etc.) has been recorded for the past several decades, and this demand is expected to increase even further in the coming decades as the world moves to low-carbon technologies based on renewable energy sources (RESs) and electric vehicles (EVs) and away from the heavy use of fossil fuels. To meet the high forecasted demand, unconventional sources of metals such as low-grade complex ores, seafloor massive sulfides (SMSs), and wastes (e.g., tailings, metallurgical residues, and electronic wastes (e-wastes)) have become very important sources of metals; moreover, these metals should be extracted in a sustainable manner without negatively impacting the environment. This Special Issue focused on recent advances in the sustainable production of metals from the above-mentioned unconventional sources.This reprint is a compilation of a Special Issue of Minerals, "Sustainable Production of Metals for Low-Carbon Technologies", where 13 papers contributed by experts in the area were published. Papers published in this Reprint cover a wide range of topics, including mineral processing (gravity concentration, magnetic separation, and flotation), hydrometallurgical techniques (leaching, solvent extraction, and cementation) to extract minerals/metals from primary and secondary resources. All the papers are of high scientific value and will be of great interest to readers of Minerals.
    DOI: 10.3390/books978-3-0365-9716-4
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Mine hazards identification, prevention and control (2023)
    Basel : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036594316
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (xi, 463 Seiten) , Illustrationen, Diagramme, Karten
    Keywords: Technology: general issues ; History of engineering & technology ; mine hazards ; coal/rock disasters ; coal and gas outburst ; monitoring and early warning ; prevention and control ; identification method ; gas explosions ; coal fires ; composite dynamic disasters ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Bergschaden ; Bergsenkung ; Grundausgasung ; Grubengas ; Schlagwetterexplosion ; Grubenbewetterung ; Grubenunglück ; Vermeidung ; Grubensicherheit ; Prävention ; Grubenbrand ; Schlagwetterschutz ; Kohlenbergbau ; Kohlenbergwerk ; Schlagwetterexplosion ; Standsicherheit ; Ingenieurgeologie ; Geotechnik ; Bergbau ; Setzung ; Staubexplosion
    Abstract: In human social development, the consumption of fossil energy, especially coal, has promoted economic prosperity, cultural exchanges, and social progress. With shallow coal resources exhausted, coal mining engineering has entered deep areas. The coal geology environment of the deep area differs from that of the shallow. With mining depth increasing, all the stress of buried rock stratum and surrounding rock and gas pressure of coal seam increase gradually. In addition, geological structures, such as complex faults, big folds, and thick-hard roofs, will increase the risk of coal mining. Once the dynamic disaster occurs, it will induce miner casualties and property losses. So, it is urgent to identify mine hazards, such as coal and gas outbursts, rock bursts, gas explosions, and coal fires, and research their formation mechanism, occurrence, and development process. Furthermore, prevention and control methods should be proposed to reduce mine disasters. Only in this way can we promote the safe, green, and efficient development of coal mining. This Topical Collection, titled “Mine Hazards Identification, Prevention, and Control,” aims to allow global researchers to conduct a broader scientific and technological discussion on such advances to improve the prevention and control level of disasters encountered during underground coal mining. The discussion topics include, but are not limited to, the basic experiments, modeling, numerical simulation, and field tests of aforementioned disasters
    Note: English
    DOI: 10.3390/books978-3-0365-9431-6
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Recent advances in geological oceanography (2023)
    Basel : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036563008
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (xii, 429 Seiten) , Illustrationen, Diagramme, Karten
    Keywords: Technology: general issues ; History of engineering & technology ; Environmental science, engineering & technology
    Abstract: This reprint contains twenty-one scientific papers related to the determination of the nature, timing, and magnitude of natural hydroclimate variability and related sedimentary–diagenetic processes during geological eras past and present. Such an approach will be essential for addressing the challenges posed by climate change in coastal and deep marine sedimentary archives, for establishing the hydrological regime through the determination of environmental parameters and examining the subsequent response of the marine biota through time. Furthermore, this reprint is a significant contribution to the study of reservoir quality characteristics and the subsequent potentiality of several marine resources (ores, hydrocarbons, and geoheritage)
    Note: Volltext: PDF , English
    DOI: 10.3390/books978-3-0365-6300-8
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Advances in rock mechanics and geotechnical engineering; volume II: Volume II / edited by Mahdi Hasanipanah, Danial Jahed Armaghani, Jian Zhou (2023)
    Basel : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    In:  volume II
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036597751
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (ix, 526 Seiten) , Illustrationen, Diagramme, Karten
    Angaben zur Quelle: volume II
    Keywords: Technology: general issues ; History of engineering & technology ; strength prediction ; brittle rock ; grain-structure representation ; micro-properties ; bonded block models ; Voronoi tessellation ; structure-type rockburst ; evolution mechanism ; particle flow code ; flat-joint model ; pre-grouting ; soft coal mass ; coal-grout structure ; shear behavior ; quality improvement ; rock strength ; tensile behaviour ; neuro-fuzzy ; regression ; non-destructive tests ; paste filling ; slicing mining ; false roof stability ; optimal false roof thickness ; tree-based techniques ; feature selection ; pile bearing capacity ; gradient boosted tree ; random forest ; in situ stress ; rock blasting ; crack propagation ; model test ; rheological deformation ; key stratum ; roadway groups ; roadway deformation ; surrounding rock control ; triaxial creep experiment ; cyclic loading and unloading ; elasto-visco-plastic strain ; irrecoverable strain ; tertiary creep stage ; nonlinear creep damage model ; high-altitude slope ; BP neural network ; freeze-thaw cycle ; geological conditions ; mining method ; soft broken complex ore body ; improved AHP ; comprehensive evaluation index ; blasting ; back-break ; SVM ; metaheuristic algorithms ; moth–flame optimization ; whale optimization algorithm ; tilted strata ; roadway ; nonuniform deformation ; physical simulation ; HFDEM ; numerical method ; rock fracture ; strain rate ; mining engineering ; backfill mining ; high-concentration backfill ; elastic modulus ; K-fold cross-validation ; mining ; rock engineering ; sensitivity analysis ; XGBoost ; limit equilibrium method (LEM) ; limit analysis ; accuracy ; slope stability ; homogenous slopes ; error accuracy classification chart ; physical and mechanical responses ; Egyptian granodiorite ; thermal damage threshold ; microstructure ; thermal constructions ; rock slope analysis ; limited analysis method ; numerical methods ; combined/hybrid finite–discrete element method ; FDEM ; non-renewable ; clean coal technology ; waste of resources ; “110 construction method” ; collapse settlement control ; moisture content ; dry–wet cycles ; cyclic loading ; injury mechanism ; acoustic emission RA-AF ; thermal effect prediction model ; uniaxial compressive strength ; static Young’s modulus ; artificial neural network ; multilinear regression ; rock mass ; hydraulic conductivity ; sustainability ; rock mechanics ; geotechnical engineering ; geomechanical engineering ; mining technology ; natural stones ; temperature ; fire ; thermal effect ; point load strength ; porosity ; color ; gloss ; automated mineral identification ; LBP ; classification ; texture feature ; liquefaction potential ; prediction ; Bayesian optimization ; support vector machines ; optimization ; Hoek–Brown criterion ; Mohr failure envelope ; Balmer’s equation ; limit equilibrium analysis ; modified Bishop approach ; active earth pressure ; unsaturated narrow backfill ; interlayer shear stress ; arching effect ; thin-layer element method ; tunnel excavation ; cut blasting method ; LLB method ; uncharged hole ; numerical simulation ; spectrum index ; water content ; hyperspectral information ; V-type firing pattern ; collision fragmentation ; RSA ; ANN ; coupled stress-hydro effect ; uniaxial loading ; infrared radiation ; warning threshold ; non-destructive monitoring ; alteration ; tunnel ; stress field ; deformation field ; plastic zone ; flyrock ; weathering index (WI) ; equilibrium optimizer (EO) ; particle swarm optimization (PSO) ; extreme learning machine (ELM) ; artificial neural network (ANN) ; high-water material ; seawater ; water-cement ratio ; strength ; mining method optimization ; difficult-to-mine complicated orebody ; multiple attribute decision making ; Pythagorean fuzzy sets and TOPSIS method ; mechanized upward horizontal layering method ; plateau alluvial-lacustrine deposits ; round gravelly soil ; large scale direct shear test ; shear strength parameters ; Erbil ; geotechnical characterization ; GIS ; ANFIS ; differential evolution ; firefly algorithm ; frozen rock mass blasting ; ice-filled crack ; explosion stress wave propagation ; attenuation factor ; UCS ; intelligent and statistical methods ; sedimentary rocks ; modulus of deformation ; RMR ; in situ testing ; modelling ; instrumentation ; failure risk ; element failure probability ; spatial variability ; stochastic groundwater level ; upper bound method ; rock joints ; shear strength ; scale effects ; normal stress ; JRC ; PFC simulation ; water inrush ; precursor ; strain energy ; normalized ; sustainable mine ; blast-induced flyrock ; LSSVM ; prediction models ; salt cavern ; underground gas storage ; continuum-discrete coupled method ; thermal-mechanical coupling ; thermal damage ; marble strength ; direct and indirect methods ; correlations analysis ; artificial intelligence techniques ; performance indicators ; resonant column test ; torsional simple shear test ; damping ratio ; steady-state vibration ; free vibration decay ; bibliometric analysis ; pile foundation ; sustainable structure ; VOS viewer ; Web of Science ; red clay ; desiccation cracking mechanism ; digital image correlation technology ; strain ; displacement ; mineral carbonation ; comminution energy ; stress–strain relationship ; elastic properties ; radial distribution function ; crown deformation ; underground caverns ; parametric study ; multiple linear regression ; twin tunnels ; 3D numerical analysis ; surface settlement ; field measurement ; geotechnical and geological conditions
    Abstract: The Special Issue entitled “Advances in Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering” is devoted to the publication of the latest research, field works, and laboratory investigations in the area of rock mechanics and geotechnical engineering. This Special Issue has published novel contributions in different areas of geotechnical and geomechanical engineering such as slope and embankment, tunneling and underground space technologies, pile and foundation, rock mechanics and rock blasting, excavation and leveling projects, ground improvement techniques, unsaturated soil, practical issues in soft soil, mining technology, geo-environmental engineering, new laboratory testing, applied geology for construction, and novel geotechnical construction methods. The focus of this reprint is on the development of computational methods for solving problems in the fields of rock mechanics and geotechnical engineering
    Note: Volltext: PDF , English
    DOI: 10.3390/books978-3-0365-9775-1
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Advances in rock mechanics and geotechnical engineering; volume I: Volume I / edited by Mahdi Hasanipanah, Danial Jahed Armaghani, Jian Zhou (2023)
    Basel : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    In:  volume I
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036597737
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (ix, 560 Seiten) , Illustrationen, Diagramme, Karten
    Angaben zur Quelle: volume I
    Keywords: Technology: general issues ; History of engineering & technology ; strength prediction ; brittle rock ; grain-structure representation ; micro-properties ; bonded block models ; Voronoi tessellation ; structure-type rockburst ; evolution mechanism ; particle flow code ; flat-joint model ; pre-grouting ; soft coal mass ; coal-grout structure ; shear behavior ; quality improvement ; rock strength ; tensile behaviour ; neuro-fuzzy ; regression ; non-destructive tests ; paste filling ; slicing mining ; false roof stability ; optimal false roof thickness ; tree-based techniques ; feature selection ; pile bearing capacity ; gradient boosted tree ; random forest ; in situ stress ; rock blasting ; crack propagation ; model test ; rheological deformation ; key stratum ; roadway groups ; roadway deformation ; surrounding rock control ; triaxial creep experiment ; cyclic loading and unloading ; elasto-visco-plastic strain ; irrecoverable strain ; tertiary creep stage ; nonlinear creep damage model ; high-altitude slope ; BP neural network ; freeze-thaw cycle ; geological conditions ; mining method ; soft broken complex ore body ; improved AHP ; comprehensive evaluation index ; blasting ; back-break ; SVM ; metaheuristic algorithms ; moth–flame optimization ; whale optimization algorithm ; tilted strata ; roadway ; nonuniform deformation ; physical simulation ; HFDEM ; numerical method ; rock fracture ; strain rate ; mining engineering ; backfill mining ; high-concentration backfill ; elastic modulus ; K-fold cross-validation ; mining ; rock engineering ; sensitivity analysis ; XGBoost ; limit equilibrium method (LEM) ; limit analysis ; accuracy ; slope stability ; homogenous slopes ; error accuracy classification chart ; physical and mechanical responses ; Egyptian granodiorite ; thermal damage threshold ; microstructure ; thermal constructions ; rock slope analysis ; limited analysis method ; numerical methods ; combined/hybrid finite–discrete element method ; FDEM ; non-renewable ; clean coal technology ; waste of resources ; “110 construction method” ; collapse settlement control ; moisture content ; dry–wet cycles ; cyclic loading ; injury mechanism ; acoustic emission RA-AF ; thermal effect prediction model ; uniaxial compressive strength ; static Young’s modulus ; artificial neural network ; multilinear regression ; rock mass ; hydraulic conductivity ; sustainability ; rock mechanics ; geotechnical engineering ; geomechanical engineering ; mining technology ; natural stones ; temperature ; fire ; thermal effect ; point load strength ; porosity ; color ; gloss ; automated mineral identification ; LBP ; classification ; texture feature ; liquefaction potential ; prediction ; Bayesian optimization ; support vector machines ; optimization ; Hoek–Brown criterion ; Mohr failure envelope ; Balmer’s equation ; limit equilibrium analysis ; modified Bishop approach ; active earth pressure ; unsaturated narrow backfill ; interlayer shear stress ; arching effect ; thin-layer element method ; tunnel excavation ; cut blasting method ; LLB method ; uncharged hole ; numerical simulation ; spectrum index ; water content ; hyperspectral information ; V-type firing pattern ; collision fragmentation ; RSA ; ANN ; coupled stress-hydro effect ; uniaxial loading ; infrared radiation ; warning threshold ; non-destructive monitoring ; alteration ; tunnel ; stress field ; deformation field ; plastic zone ; flyrock ; weathering index (WI) ; equilibrium optimizer (EO) ; particle swarm optimization (PSO) ; extreme learning machine (ELM) ; artificial neural network (ANN) ; high-water material ; seawater ; water-cement ratio ; strength ; mining method optimization ; difficult-to-mine complicated orebody ; multiple attribute decision making ; Pythagorean fuzzy sets and TOPSIS method ; mechanized upward horizontal layering method ; plateau alluvial-lacustrine deposits ; round gravelly soil ; large scale direct shear test ; shear strength parameters ; Erbil ; geotechnical characterization ; GIS ; ANFIS ; differential evolution ; firefly algorithm ; frozen rock mass blasting ; ice-filled crack ; explosion stress wave propagation ; attenuation factor ; UCS ; intelligent and statistical methods ; sedimentary rocks ; modulus of deformation ; RMR ; in situ testing ; modelling ; instrumentation ; failure risk ; element failure probability ; spatial variability ; stochastic groundwater level ; upper bound method ; rock joints ; shear strength ; scale effects ; normal stress ; JRC ; PFC simulation ; water inrush ; precursor ; strain energy ; normalized ; sustainable mine ; blast-induced flyrock ; LSSVM ; prediction models ; salt cavern ; underground gas storage ; continuum-discrete coupled method ; thermal-mechanical coupling ; thermal damage ; marble strength ; direct and indirect methods ; correlations analysis ; artificial intelligence techniques ; performance indicators ; resonant column test ; torsional simple shear test ; damping ratio ; steady-state vibration ; free vibration decay ; bibliometric analysis ; pile foundation ; sustainable structure ; VOS viewer ; Web of Science ; red clay ; desiccation cracking mechanism ; digital image correlation technology ; strain ; displacement ; mineral carbonation ; comminution energy ; stress–strain relationship ; elastic properties ; radial distribution function ; crown deformation ; underground caverns ; parametric study ; multiple linear regression ; twin tunnels ; 3D numerical analysis ; surface settlement ; field measurement ; geotechnical and geological conditions
    Abstract: The Special Issue entitled “Advances in Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering” is devoted to the publication of the latest research, field works, and laboratory investigations in the area of rock mechanics and geotechnical engineering. This Special Issue has published novel contributions in different areas of geotechnical and geomechanical engineering such as slope and embankment, tunneling and underground space technologies, pile and foundation, rock mechanics and rock blasting, excavation and leveling projects, ground improvement techniques, unsaturated soil, practical issues in soft soil, mining technology, geo-environmental engineering, new laboratory testing, applied geology for construction, and novel geotechnical construction methods. The focus of this reprint is on the development of computational methods for solving problems in the fields of rock mechanics and geotechnical engineering
    Note: Volltext: PDF , English
    DOI: 10.3390/books978-3-0365-9773-7
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Economic, Environmental, and Social Assessments of Raw Materials for a Green and Resilient Economy (2022)
    Basel : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036526690 , 9783036526683
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (230 p.)
    Keywords: Technology: general issues
    Abstract: This book addresses pre-conditions for developing a sustainable and resilient economy and society, emphasizing resources used in future-oriented technologies. With the in-depth analysis of assessments for primary and secondary raw materials, the different contributions meet the need of researchers in the fields of Industrial Ecology, Life Science, and Materials Engineering. Thought-out resource strategies are crucial, establishing a well-designed Circular Economy with sophisticated cascading use stages and reducing emissions to air, water and soil. So, sustainable mining, smelting, and refining processes for metals and minerals have to be improved and new material processes—coming from waste—in the field of the bioeconomy have to be implemented. This book discusses criticality assessments and other classification schemes to quantify supply risks and environmental and social burdens. With tools such as Life Cycle Assessments, the authors identify critical resources and processes in several case studies
    Note: English
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Optimization and Energy Maximizing Control Systems for Wave Energy Converters (2022)
    Basel : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036528250 , 9783036528243
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (266 p.)
    Keywords: Technology: general issues
    Abstract: The book, “Optimization and Energy Maximizing Control Systems for Wave Energy Converters”, presents eleven contributions on the latest scientific advancements of 2020-2021 in wave energy technology optimization and control, including holistic techno-economic optimization, inclusion of nonlinear effects, and real-time implementations of estimation and control algorithms
    Note: English
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Synthesis and Characterization of Nanomaterials (2022)
    Basel : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036529424 , 9783036529431
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (96 p.)
    Keywords: Technology: general issues
    Abstract: Nanomaterial is defined a natural, incidental or manufactured material containing particles, in an unbound state or as an aggregate or as an agglomerate and where, for 50 % or more of the particles in the number size distribution, one or more external dimensions is in the size range 1 nm to 100 nm. Nanomaterials not only differ from the corresponding bulk materials in morphological properties but they can also demonstrate different physico-chemical characteristics. Manufactured nanomaterials are regarded as key components of innovations in various fields with high potential impact, such as energy generation and storage, electronics, photonics, diagnostics, integrated sensors, semiconductors, foods, textiles, structural materials, sunscreens, cosmetics, and coatings or drug delivery systems, and medical imaging equipment. Widespread use of nanomaterials raises concerns about their safety for humans and the environment, possibly limiting the impact of the nanotechnology-based innovation. The development of safe nanomaterials has to result in a safe, as well as functional material or product. Its safe use, and disposal at the end of its life cycle must be taken into account too. Responsibility for the safe handling of synthetic nanomaterials therefore rests with the manufacturer and importer. This book gathers and reviews the collection of five contributions (four articles and one review), with authors from Europe and America accepted for publication in the aforementioned Special Issue of Fibers
    Note: English
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  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Multifunctional Nanomaterials : Synthesis, Properties and Applications (2022)
    Basel : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036531380 , 9783036531397
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (207 p.)
    Keywords: Technology: general issues
    Abstract: This book is a collection of review articles and research articles, which was published in the Special Issue “Multifunctional Nanomaterials: Synthesis, Properties and Applications” of the International Journal of Molecular Sciences
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  • 10
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    Novel Strategies for the Development of Healthier Meat and Meat Products and Determination of Their Quality Characteristics (2022)
    Basel : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036529851 , 9783036529844
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (170 p.)
    Keywords: Technology: general issues
    Abstract: Meat and meat products are in demand worldwide. However, new trends and innovations, driven by consumer interests and demands, have contributed to the development of healthier meat products, which are growing exponentially. Health is one of the main criteria for consumers when choosing the type of food they eat. This, along with more sustainable global production, changes in lifestyles, and nutritional ideologies among the population, has led to a growing demand in the market for healthier and more functional foods. This Special Issue has collected nine original research articles and one editorial. This book collects all-new, relevant information on the different strategies for modifying meat and meat products to make them healthier and more sustainable and the different quality control methods for their control. With this information, we hope to shed more light on this important topic. This SI will prove very useful and interesting to all those involved in the meat and meat product industry (livestock producers, processing companies, researchers, scientists, consumers, administration, etc.). Lastly, many of the studies featured in this SI leave the door open to future research in this area of growing interest, not only for the meat and meat product industry but for other foods as well
    Note: English
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  • 11
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    Advanced Magnetic Nanocomposites : Structural, Physical Properties and Application (2022)
    Basel : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036531427 , 9783036531434
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (180 p.)
    Keywords: Technology: general issues
    Abstract: This book is a collection of research articles and review articles, which was published in the Special Issue "Advanced Magnetic Nanocomposites: Structural, Physical Properties and Application". This book ‘‘Advanced Magnetic Nanocomposites: Structural, Physical Properties and Application’’ discussed recent development on advanced magnetic nanoparticles and nanocomposites with detailed explanation of structural and physical characteristics, and further possible potential application
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  • 12
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Microalgae Cultures : Environmental Tool and Bioenergy Source (2022)
    Basel : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036529097 , 9783036529080
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (190 p.)
    Keywords: Technology: general issues
    Abstract: Microalgae have been intensively studied for CO2 capture, nutrient removal from wastewater, and biofuels production. These photosynthetic microorganisms use solar energy with efficiency ten times greater than terrestrial plants and are responsible for about 50% of the world’s oxygen production. Therefore, microalgae have been considered a sustainable solution for CO2 capture. Besides carbon, their growth also requires other macronutrients: nitrogen and phosphorus. To avoid the addition of fertilizers (increasing the production costs), these nutrients can be supplied if wastewater is used as the culture medium. The integration of biomass production with wastewater treatment enables a reduction in operational costs and the environmental impact. Microalgae are also known for their high lipid contents and high growth rates and are a promising oil source for biodiesel production. This Special Issue Book presents the recent research activities concerning the environmental applications of microalgae and their potential for biofuels production, focusing on the main challenges for their large-scale application. Since microalgal culturing can address different environmental and non-environmental issues, the achievements from the integration of multiple microalgal applications are also considered in this Special Issue Book
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  • 13
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    Sustainable Building and Indoor Air Quality (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036511061 , 9783036511078
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (374 p.)
    Keywords: Technology: general issues
    Abstract: This Special Issue addresses a topic of great contemporary relevance; in developed countries, most of peoples’ time is spent indoors and, depending on each person, the presence in the home ranges from 60% to 90% of the day, and 30% of that time is spent sleeping. Taking into account these data, indoor residential environments have a direct influence on human health. In addition to this, in developing countries, significant levels of indoor pollution make housing unsafe, with a detrimental impact on the health of inhabitants. Housing is therefore a key health factor for people all over the world, and various parameters such as air quality, ventilation, hygrothermal comfort, lighting, physical environment, and building efficiency, among others, can contribute to healthy architecture, and the conditions that can result from the poor application of these parameters
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  • 14
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    Future Smart Grid Systems (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036513362 , 9783036513355
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (241 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general ; Technology: general issues
    Abstract: This book focuses on the analysis, design and implementation of future smart grid systems. This book contains eleven chapters, which were originally published after rigorous peer-review as a Special Issue in the International Journal of Energies (Basel). The chapters cover a range of work from authors across the globe and present both the state-of-the-art and emerging paradigms across a range of topics including sustainability planning, regulations and policy, estimation and situational awareness, energy forecasting, control and optimization and decentralisation. This book will be of interest to researchers, practitioners and scholars working in areas related to future smart grid systems
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  • 15
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    Technologies of Coatings and Surface Hardening for Tool Industry (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036524528 , 9783036524535
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (250 p.)
    Keywords: Technology: general issues
    Abstract: The innovative coating and surface hardening technologies developed in recent years allow us to obtain practically any physical–mechanical or crystal–chemical complex properties of the metalworking tool surface layer. Today, the scientific approach to improving the operational characteristics of the tool surface layers produced from traditional tools industrial materials is a highly costly and long-lasting process. Different technological techniques, such as coatings (physical and chemical methods), surface hardening and alloying (chemical-thermal treatment, implantation), a combination of the listed methods, and other solutions are used for this. This edition aims to provide a review of the current state of the research and developments in the field of coatings and surface hardening technologies for cutting and die tools that can ensure a substantial increase of the work resource and reliability of the tool, an increase in productivity of machining, accuracy, and quality of the machined products, reduction in the material capacity of the production, and other important manufacturing factors. In doing so, the main emphasis should be on the results of the engineering works that have had a prosperous approbation in a laboratory or real manufacturing conditions
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    Probabilistic and Fuzzy Approaches for Estimating the Life Cycle Costs of Buildings (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036522951 , 9783036522968
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (220 p.)
    Keywords: Technology: general issues
    Abstract: The Life cycle cost (LCC) method makes it possible for the whole life performance of buildings and other structures to be optimized. The introduction of the idea of thinking in terms of a building life cycle resulted in the need to use appropriate tools and techniques for assessing and analyzing costs throughout the life cycle of the building. Traditionally, estimates of LCC have been calculated based on historical analysis of data and have used deterministic models. The concepts of probability theory can also be applied to life cycle costing, treating the costs and timings as a stochastic process. If any subjectivity is introduced into the estimates, then the uncertainty cannot be handled using the probability theory alone. The theory of fuzzy sets is a valuable tool for handling such uncertainties. In this Special Issue, a collection of 11 contributions provide an updated overview of the approaches for estimating the life cycle cost of buildings
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  • 17
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    Mechanisms Driving Karyotype Evolution and Genomic Architecture (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036501567 , 9783036501574
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (248 p.)
    Keywords: Technology: general issues
    Abstract: Understanding of the origin of species and their adaptability to new environments is one of the main questions in biology. This is fueled by the ongoing debate on species concepts and facilitated by the availability of an unprecedented large number of genomic resources. Genomes are organized into chromosomes, where significant variations in number and morphology are observed among species due to large-scale structural variants such as inversions, translocations, fusions, and fissions. This genomic reshuffling provides, in the long term, new chromosomal forms on which natural selection can act upon, contributing to the origin of biodiversity. This book contains mainly articles, reviews, and an opinion piece that explore numerous aspects of genome plasticity among taxa that will help in understanding the dynamics of genome composition, the evolutionary relationships between species and, in the long run, speciation
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  • 18
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    Toward Sustainability: Bike-Sharing Systems Design, Simulation and Management (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036517063 , 9783036517056
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (231 p.)
    Keywords: Technology: general issues
    Abstract: The goal of this Special Issue is to discuss new challenges in the simulation and management problems of both traditional and innovative bike-sharing systems, to ultimately encourage the competitiveness and attractiveness of BSSs, and contribute to the further promotion of sustainable mobility. We have selected thirteen papers for publication in this Special Issue
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    Biomedical Sensing and Imaging (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036524542 , 9783036524559
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (126 p.)
    Keywords: Technology: general issues
    Abstract: This book mainly deals with recent advances in biomedical sensing and imaging. More recently, wearable/smart biosensors and devices, which facilitate diagnostics in a non-clinical setting, have become a hot topic. Combined with machine learning and artificial intelligence, they could revolutionize the biomedical diagnostic field. The aim of this book is to provide a research forum in biomedical sensing and imaging and extend the scientific frontier of this very important and significant biomedical endeavor
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  • 20
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    Cellular Metals: Fabrication, Properties and Applications (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036510385 , 9783036510392
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (272 p.)
    Keywords: Technology: general issues
    Abstract: Cellular solids and porous metals have become some of the most promising lightweight multifunctional materials due to their superior combination of advanced properties mainly derived from their base material and cellular structure. They are used in a wide range of commercial, biomedical, industrial, and military applications. In contrast to other cellular materials, cellular metals are non-flammable, recyclable, extremely tough, and chemically stable and are excellent energy absorbers. The manuscripts of this Special Issue provide a representative insight into the recent developments in this field, covering topics related to manufacturing, characterization, properties, specific challenges in transportation, and the description of structural features. For example, a presented strategy for the strengthening of Al-alloy foams is the addition of alloying elements (e.g., magnesium) into the metal bulk matrix to promote the formation of intermetallics (e.g., precipitation hardening). The incorporation of micro-sized and nano-sized reinforcement elements (e.g., carbon nanotubes and graphene oxide) into the metal bulk matrix to enhance the performance of the ductile metal is presented. New bioinspired cellular materials, such as nanocomposite foams, lattice materials, and hybrid foams and structures are also discussed (e.g., filled hollow structures, metal-polymer hybrid cellular structures)
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  • 21
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    Genetics of Animal Health and Disease in Livestock (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036508962 , 9783036508979
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (188 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general ; Technology: general issues
    Abstract: Wood surface attributes can be established by examining its several different physical or chemical properties. Differences in the wood surfaces occur between the manufacturing and post-treatment processes as well. Understanding how their unique anisotropic molecular organization, chemical linkages, branching, and other molecular features govern micro- and macroscale accessibility is essential for coating and complex modification processes. It is therefore important for scientific as well as practical reasons to qualify and quantify the effects of wood surface treatments and modifications. Challenges still exist to fully understanding the effect of the numerous applied chemicals and the wide range of treatment processes on wood surfaces
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    Characterization of Nanomaterials: Selected Papers from 6th Dresden Nanoanalysis Symposiumc (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036507569 , 9783036507576
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (139 p.)
    Keywords: Technology: general issues
    Abstract: This Special Issue “Characterization of Nanomaterials” collects nine selected papers presented at the 6th Dresden Nanoanalysis Symposium, held at Fraunhofer Institute for Ceramic Technologies and Systems in Dresden, Germany, on 31 August 2018. Following the specific motto of this annual symposium “Materials challenges—Micro- and nanoscale characterization”, it covered various topics of nanoscale materials characterization along the whole value and innovation chain, from fundamental research up to industrial applications. The scope of this Special Issue is to provide an overview of the current status, recent developments and research activities in the field of nanoscale materials characterization, with a particular emphasis on future scenarios. Primarily, analytical techniques for the characterization of thin films and nanostructures are discussed, including modeling and simulation. We anticipate that this Special Issue will be accessible to a wide audience, as it explores not only methodical aspects of nanoscale materials characterization, but also materials synthesis, fabrication of devices and applications
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    Design and Management of Manufacturing Systems (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
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    ISBN: 9783036511467 , 9783036511474
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (452 p.)
    Keywords: Technology: general issues
    Abstract: Although the design and management of manufacturing systems have been explored in the literature for many years now, they still remain topical problems in the current scientific research. The changing market trends, globalization, the constant pressure to reduce production costs, and technical and technological progress make it necessary to search for new manufacturing methods and ways of organizing them, and to modify manufacturing system design paradigms. This book presents current research in different areas connected with the design and management of manufacturing systems and covers such subject areas as: methods supporting the design of manufacturing systems, methods of improving maintenance processes in companies, the design and improvement of manufacturing processes, the control of production processes in modern manufacturing systems production methods and techniques used in modern manufacturing systems and environmental aspects of production and their impact on the design and management of manufacturing systems. The wide range of research findings reported in this book confirms that the design of manufacturing systems is a complex problem and that the achievement of goals set for modern manufacturing systems requires interdisciplinary knowledge and the simultaneous design of the product, process and system, as well as the knowledge of modern manufacturing and organizational methods and techniques
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    Design Space Exploration and Resource Management of Multi/Many-Core Systems (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036508764 , 9783036508771
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (218 p.)
    Keywords: Technology: general issues
    Abstract: The increasing demand of processing a higher number of applications and related data on computing platforms has resulted in reliance on multi-/many-core chips as they facilitate parallel processing. However, there is a desire for these platforms to be energy-efficient and reliable, and they need to perform secure computations for the interest of the whole community. This book provides perspectives on the aforementioned aspects from leading researchers in terms of state-of-the-art contributions and upcoming trends
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    Sustainable Geotechnics—Theory, Practice, and Applications (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036514796 , 9783036514802
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (112 p.)
    Keywords: Technology: general issues
    Abstract: Today, modern Geotechnical Engineers, who in the past would have considered the phenomena occurring in the (primarily soil) environment, are faced with developments in environmental sciences that are becoming increasingly more detailed and sophisticated, with the natural phenomena and processes surrounding the civil engineering infrastructure being modeled, designed, monitored, and assessed in a more holistic way. This book brings together the state of the art in geotechnics with a focus on sustainable design, resilience, construction, and monitoring of the performance of geotechnical assets from ground investigations, through foundation and drainage design to soil stabilization and reinforcement. Engineers and scientists working in the fields of green infrastructure, nature-based solutions, sustainable drainage, eco-engineering, hydro-geology, landscape planning, plant science, environmental biology or bio-chemistry, earth sciences, GIS, and remote sensing are represented here by articles that show significant geotechnical components or applications. Case studies showcasing the application of the sustainable development principles (e.g., reuse, recycle, reduce; stakeholder engagement; public health; UN Global Sustainability Goals) in Geotechnics are also included in this book
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    Scientific Advances in STEM: From Professor to Students (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
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    ISBN: 9783036517759 , 9783036517766
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (362 p.)
    Keywords: Technology: general issues
    Abstract: This book collects the publications of the special Topic Scientific advances in STEM: from Professor to students. The aim is to contribute to the advancement of the Science and Engineering fields and their impact on the industrial sector, which requires a multidisciplinary approach. University generates and transmits knowledge to serve society. Social demands continuously evolve, mainly because of cultural, scientific, and technological development. Researchers must contextualize the subjects they investigate to their application to the local industry and community organizations, frequently using a multidisciplinary point of view, to enhance the progress in a wide variety of fields (aeronautics, automotive, biomedical, electrical and renewable energy, communications, environmental, electronic components, etc.). Most investigations in the fields of science and engineering require the work of multidisciplinary teams, representing a stockpile of research projects in different stages (final year projects, master’s or doctoral studies). In this context, this Topic offers a framework for integrating interdisciplinary research, drawing together experimental and theoretical contributions in a wide variety of fields
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    Advances in Surface Modification and Treatment of Wood (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
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    ISBN: 9783036509020 , 9783036509037
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (160 p.)
    Keywords: Technology: general issues
    Abstract: Biopolymers including natural (e.g., polysaccharides, proteins, gums, natural rubbers, bacterial polymers), synthetic (e.g., aliphatic polyesters and polyphosphoester), and biocomposites are of paramount interest in regenerative medicine, due to their availability, processability, and low toxicity. Moreover, the structuration of biopolymer-based materials at the nano- and microscale along with their chemical properties are crucial in the engineering of advanced carriers for drug products. Finally, combination products including or based on biopolymers for controlled drug release offer a powerful solution to improve the tissue integration and biological response of these materials. Understanding the drug delivery mechanisms, efficiency, and toxicity of such systems may be useful for regenerative medicine and pharmaceutical technology. The main aim of the Special Issue on “Biopolymers in Drug Delivery and Regenerative Medicine” is to gather recent findings and current advances on biopolymer research for biomedical applications, particularly in regenerative medicine, wound healing, and drug delivery. Contributions to this issue can be as original research or review articles and may cover all aspects of biopolymer research, ranging from the chemical synthesis and characterization of modified biopolymers, their processing in different morphologies and hierarchical structures, as well as their assessment for biomedical uses
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    Impact Welding of Materials (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036506968 , 9783036506975
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (210 p.)
    Keywords: Technology: general issues
    Abstract: Recent industrial criteria increasingly require the production of multi-material components. However, the manufacturing requirements of these components are not met by conventional welding techniques. Alternative solid-state technologies, such as impact-based processes, must be considered. The impact welding family is composed of several processes, such as explosion welding, magnetic pulse welding, vaporizing foil actuator welding, and laser impact welding. These processes present very different length scales, providing the impact welding family with a broad applicability range. A sample of the cutting-edge research that is being conducted on the multidisciplinary field of impact welding is presented in this book
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    Urbanization under a Changing Climate : Impacts on Urban Hydrology (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036508108 , 9783036508115
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (180 p.)
    Keywords: Technology: general issues
    Abstract: In response to the increasing urbanization, advances in the science of urban hydrology have improved urban water system management, creating more livable cities in which public safety and health, as well as the environment, are protected. The ultimate goal of urban water management is to mimic the hydrological cycle prior to urbanization. On top of urbanization, climate change, which has been demonstrated to alter the hydrological cycle in all respects, has introduced additional challenges to managing urban water systems. To mitigate and adapt to urbanization under a changing climate, understanding key hydrologic components should expand to include complex issues brought forth by climate change. Thus, effective and efficient measures can be formulated. This Special Issue of Water presents a variety of research papers that span a range of spatial and temporal scales of relevance in different societies’ efforts in adapting to the eminent changes in climate and the continuous changes in the landscape. From mitigating water quality in permeable pavements and bioretention swales to understanding changes in groundwater recharge in large regions, this Special Issue examines the state-of-the-art in sustainable urban design for adaptation and resiliency
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    Properties of Transition Metals and Their Compounds at Extreme Conditions (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036523217 , 9783036523224
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (254 p.)
    Keywords: Technology: general issues
    Abstract: The characterization of the physical and chemical properties of transition metals and their compounds under extreme conditions of pressure and temperature has always attracted the interest of a wide scientific community. Their properties have numerous implications in fields ranging from solid-state physics, chemistry, and materials science to Earth and planetary science. The present Special Issue represents a good example of such a broad interest and shows some of the latest advancements in the investigation of transition metals under extreme conditions of pressure and temperature
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    Photoactive Materials: Synthesis, Applications and Technology (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036509587 , 9783036509594
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (178 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general ; Technology: general issues
    Abstract: This book presents a collection of 13 original research articles that focus on the science of light–matter interaction. This area of science has been led to some the greatest accomplishments of the past 100 years, with the discovery of materials that perform useful operations by collecting light or generating light from an outside stimulus. These materials are at the center of a multitude of technologies that have permeated our daily life; every day we rely on quantum well lasers for telecommunication, organic light emitting diodes for our displays, complementary metal–oxide–semiconductors for our camera detectors, and of course a plethora of new photovoltaic cells that harvest sunlight to satisfy our energy needs. In this book, top-rated researchers present their latest findings in the field of nano-particles, plasmonics, semi-conductors, magneto-optics, and holography
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    Sensors for Vital Signs Monitoring (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036517667 , 9783036517650
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (141 p.)
    Keywords: Technology: general issues ; Energy industries & utilities
    Abstract: Sensor technology for monitoring vital signs is an important topic for various service applications, such as entertainment and personalization platforms and Internet of Things (IoT) systems, as well as traditional medical purposes, such as disease indication judgments and predictions. Vital signs for monitoring include respiration and heart rates, body temperature, blood pressure, oxygen saturation, electrocardiogram, blood glucose concentration, brain waves, etc. Gait and walking length can also be regarded as vital signs because they can indirectly indicate human activity and status. Sensing technologies include contact sensors such as electrocardiogram (ECG), electroencephalogram (EEG), photoplethysmogram (PPG), non-contact sensors such as ballistocardiography (BCG), and invasive/non-invasive sensors for diagnoses of variations in blood characteristics or body fluids. Radar, vision, and infrared sensors can also be useful technologies for detecting vital signs from the movement of humans or organs. Signal processing, extraction, and analysis techniques are important in industrial applications along with hardware implementation techniques. Battery management and wireless power transmission technologies, the design and optimization of low-power circuits, and systems for continuous monitoring and data collection/transmission should also be considered with sensor technologies. In addition, machine-learning-based diagnostic technology can be used for extracting meaningful information from continuous monitoring data
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    Recent Trends in Coatings and Thin Film–Modeling and Application (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036510149 , 9783036510156
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (508 p.)
    Keywords: Technology: general issues
    Abstract: Over the past four decades, there has been increased attention given to the research of fluid mechanics due to its wide application in industry and phycology. Major advances in the modeling of key topics such Newtonian and non-Newtonian fluids and thin film flows have been made and finally published in the Special Issue of coatings. This is an attempt to edit the Special Issue into a book. Although this book is not a formal textbook, it will definitely be useful for university teachers, research students, industrial researchers and in overcoming the difficulties occurring in the said topic, while dealing with the nonlinear governing equations. For such types of equations, it is often more difficult to find an analytical solution or even a numerical one. This book has successfully handled this challenging job with the latest techniques. In addition, the findings of the simulation are logically realistic and meet the standard of sufficient scientific value
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    New Pathways for Community Energy and Storage (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036513867 , 9783036513850
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (311 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general ; Technology: general issues
    Abstract: Local communities are increasingly taking on active roles and emerging as new actors in energy systems. Community energy and energy storage may enable effective energy system integration and ensure maximum benefits of local generation, leading to more flexible and resilient energy supply systems and playing an important role in achieving renewable energy and climate policy objectives. In this book, we summarize the different topics covered in the international conference on new pathways for community energy and storage in the form of the 14 articles published in this Special Issue on the same topic. It addresses important developments and challenges related to local energy transitions and the role of community energy and energy storage therein
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    Applications of Internet of Things (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036511924 , 9783036511931
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (162 p.)
    Keywords: Technology: general issues
    Abstract: This book introduces the Special Issue entitled “Applications of Internet of Things”, of ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information. Topics covered in this issue include three main parts: (I) intelligent transportation systems (ITSs), (II) location-based services (LBSs), and (III) sensing techniques and applications. Three papers on ITSs are as follows: (1) “Vehicle positioning and speed estimation based on cellular network signals for urban roads,” by Lai and Kuo; (2) “A method for traffic congestion clustering judgment based on grey relational analysis,” by Zhang et al.; and (3) “Smartphone-based pedestrian’s avoidance behavior recognition towards opportunistic road anomaly detection,” by Ishikawa and Fujinami. Three papers on LBSs are as follows: (1) “A high-efficiency method of mobile positioning based on commercial vehicle operation data,” by Chen et al.; (2) “Efficient location privacy-preserving k-anonymity method based on the credible chain,” by Wang et al.; and (3) “Proximity-based asynchronous messaging platform for location-based Internet of things service,” by Gon Jo et al. Two papers on sensing techniques and applications are as follows: (1) “Detection of electronic anklet wearers’ groupings throughout telematics monitoring,” by Machado et al.; and (2) “Camera coverage estimation based on multistage grid subdivision,” by Wang et al
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    New Trends in Environmental Engineering, Agriculture, Food Production, and Analysis (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036511245 , 9783036511252
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (396 p.)
    Keywords: Technology: general issues
    Abstract: This Special Issue presents the latest advances in agriculture, aquaculture, food technology and environmental protection and engineering, discussing, among others, the following issues: new technologies in water, stormwater and wastewater treatment; water saving, lake restoration; new sludge and waste management systems; biodiesel production from animal fat waste; the microbiological quality of compound fish feeds for aquaculture; the role of technological processes to improve food quality and safety; new trends in the analysis of food and food components including in vitro, in vivo, and in silico analyses; and functional and structural aspects of bioactivities of food molecules
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    The Science and Technology of 3D Printing (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036525853 , 9783036525846
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (206 p.)
    Keywords: Technology: general issues
    Abstract: Three-dimensional printing, or additive manufacturing, is an emerging manufacturing process. Research and development are being performed worldwide to provide a better understanding of the science and technology of 3D printing to make high-quality parts in a cost-effective and time-efficient manner. This book includes contemporary, unique, and impactful research on 3D printing from leading organizations worldwide
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    Battery Management Systems of Electric and Hybrid Electric Vehicles (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036510606 , 9783036510613
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (146 p.)
    Keywords: Technology: general issues
    Abstract: The topics of interest in this book include significant challenges in the BMS design of EV/HEV. The equivalent models developed for several types of integrated Li-ion batteries consider the environmental temperature and ageing effects. Different current profiles for testing the robustness of the Kalman filter type estimators of the battery state of charge are used in this book. Additionally, the BMS can integrate a real-time model-based sensor Fault Detection and Isolation (FDI) scheme for a Li-ion cell undergoing degradation, which uses the recursive least squares (RLS) method to estimate the equivalent circuit model (ECM) parameters. This book will fully meet the demands of a large community of readers and specialists working in the field due to its attractiveness and scientific content with a great openness to the side of practical applicability. This covers various interesting aspects, especially related to the characterization of commercial batteries, diagnosis and optimization of their performance, experimental testing and statistical analysis, thermal modelling, and implementation of the most suitable Kalman filter type estimators of high accuracy to estimate the state of charge
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    Smart Sensor Technologies for IoT (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036524627 , 9783036524634
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (270 p.)
    Keywords: Technology: general issues
    Abstract: The recent development in wireless networks and devices has led to novel services that will utilize wireless communication on a new level. Much effort and resources have been dedicated to establishing new communication networks that will support machine-to-machine communication and the Internet of Things (IoT). In these systems, various smart and sensory devices are deployed and connected, enabling large amounts of data to be streamed. Smart services represent new trends in mobile services, i.e., a completely new spectrum of context-aware, personalized, and intelligent services and applications. A variety of existing services utilize information about the position of the user or mobile device. The position of mobile devices is often achieved using the Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) chips that are integrated into all modern mobile devices (smartphones). However, GNSS is not always a reliable source of position estimates due to multipath propagation and signal blockage. Moreover, integrating GNSS chips into all devices might have a negative impact on the battery life of future IoT applications. Therefore, alternative solutions to position estimation should be investigated and implemented in IoT applications. This Special Issue, “Smart Sensor Technologies for IoT” aims to report on some of the recent research efforts on this increasingly important topic. The twelve accepted papers in this issue cover various aspects of Smart Sensor Technologies for IoT
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    Electric Systems for Transportation (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036504889 , 9783036504896
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (690 p.)
    Keywords: Technology: general issues
    Abstract: Transportation systems play a major role in the reduction of energy consumptions and environmental impact all over the world. The significant amount of energy of transport systems forces the adoption of new solutions to ensure their performance with energy-saving and reduced environmental impact. In this context, technologies and materials, devices and systems, design methods, and management techniques, related to the electrical power systems for transportation are continuously improving thanks to research activities. The main common challenge in all the applications concerns the adoption of innovative solutions that can improve existing transportation systems in terms of efficiency and sustainability
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  • 41
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    Achieving the Circular Economy : Exploring the Role of Local Governments, Business and Civic Society in an Urban Context (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036501185 , 9783036501192
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (192 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general ; Technology: general issues
    Abstract: Urbanisation and climate change are pushing cities to find novel pathways leading to a sustainable future. The urban context may be viewed as a new experimentation space to accelerate the transition to a circular economy. Urban symbiosis and the circular economy are emerging concepts attracting more and more attention within the urban context. Moreover, new business models are emerging around sharing and peer-to-peer practices, which are challenging existing roles of actors in society. These developments are having an important impact on the flows of resources and the use of the city infrastructure, and each research area has taken a different perspective in the analysis of such impacts. This Special Issue aims to explore what a “circular city” could constitute and how and why cities engage in circularity. This Special Issue includes seven high-quality papers on the theories and practices of circular cities. Actors, concepts, methods, tools, the barriers to and enablers of circular cities are discussed and a solid base and inspiration for the future development of circular cities are provided
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    Thermochemical Conversion Processes for Solid Fuels and Renewable Energies (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036510965 , 9783036510972
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (222 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general ; Technology: general issues
    Abstract: It is widely believed that a large proportion of greenhouse gas emissions originated anthropogenically from the use of fossil fuels with additional contributions coming from manufactured materials, deforestation, soil erosion, and agriculture (including livestock). The global society actively supports measures to create a flexible and low-carbon energy economy to attenuate climate change and its devastating environmental consequences. In this Special Issue, the recent advancements in the next-generation thermochemical conversion processes for solid fuels and renewable energies (e.g., the operational flexibility of co-combustion of biomass and lignite, integrated solar combined cycle power plants, and advanced gasification systems such as the sorption-enhanced gasification and the chemical looping gasification) were shown
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    Sustainable Integrated Clean Environment for Human & Nature (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036518824 , 9783036518817
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (358 p.)
    Keywords: Technology: general issues
    Abstract: In this book, the articles published in the special issue of the journal Sustainability (ISSN 2071-1050), entitled “Sustainable Integrated Clean Environment for Human & Nature” are re-printed. The objective of this book is to answer the following questions regarding technical, economic, and social approaches:1. What is the current state of the environment? Is it clean?2. How can we make our environment clean and suitable for humans as well as nature?3. How can we keep our environment clean through sustainable practices? The re-printed research articles and review papers aim to cover the subjects mentioned below: 1. COVID-19 and the sustainability of a clean environment for humans and nature: visions, challenges, and solutions2. Clean technologies and nature-based approaches, including environmental remediation and resource circulation3. Global sanitation, hygiene, and public health issues4. Economic approaches, including the development of economic models, life cycle assessment, and the circular economy5. Social awareness and effective education on human rights for procuring clean air and water Through including the latest studies in the above-mentioned fields, this book addresses the technicians, economists, social activists, and decision-makers who are concerned about clean environment concepts for sustainable development of the current and next-generation through respectful interactions between humans and nature
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    Sustainable Construction Engineering and Management (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036526287 , 9783036526294
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (680 p.)
    Keywords: Technology: general issues
    Abstract: This Book is a Printed Edition of the Special Issue which covers sustainability as an emerging requirement in the fields of construction management, project management and engineering. We invited authors to submit their theoretical or experimental research articles that address the challenges and opportunities for sustainable construction in all its facets, including technical topics and specific operational or procedural solutions, as well as strategic approaches aimed at the project, company or industry level. Central to developments are smart technologies and sophisticated decision-making mechanisms that augment sustainable outcomes. The Special Issue was received with great interest by the research community and attracted a high number of submissions. The selection process sought to balance the inclusion of a broad representative spread of topics against research quality, with editors and reviewers settling on thirty-three articles for publication. The Editors invite all participating researchers and those interested in sustainable construction engineering and management to read the summary of the Special Issue and of course to access the full-text articles provided in the Book for deeper analyses
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    Recent Advances in Post-Lithium Ion Batteries (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036512440 , 9783036512457
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (116 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general ; Technology: general issues
    Abstract: Lithium ion batteries (LIBs) are efficient storage systems for portable electronic devices, electrical power grids, and electrified transportation due to their high-energy density and low maintenance requirements. After their launch into the market in 1990s, they immediately became the dominant technology for portable systems. The development of LiBs for electric drive vehicles has been, in contrast, rather incremental. There are several critical issues, such as an energy density, system safety, cost, and environmental impact of the battery production processes, that remain challenges in the automotive field. In order to strengthen the LiB’s competitiveness and affordability in vehicle technology, the necessity of game-changer batteries is urgent. Recently, a novel approach going beyond Li batteries has become rapidly established. Several new chemistries have been proposed, leading to better performances in terms of energy density, long-life storage capability, safety, and sustainability. However, several challenges, such as a thorough understanding of mechanisms, cell design, long-term durability, and safety issues, have not yet been fully addressed. This book collects some recent developments and emerging trends in the field of “post-lithium” batteries, covering both fundamental and applied aspects of next-generation batteries
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    Technology of Welding and Joining (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036508863 , 9783036508870
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (196 p.)
    Keywords: Technology: general issues
    Abstract: In this book, you will find information on new materials and new welding technologies. Problems related to the welding of difficult-to-weld materials are considered and solved. The latest welding technologies and processes are presented. This book provides an opportunity to learn about the latest trends and developments in the welding industry. Enjoy reading
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    Composite Materials in Design Processes (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036501529 , 9783036501536
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (192 p.)
    Keywords: Technology: general issues
    Abstract: The use of composite materials in the design process allows one to tailer a component’s mechanical properties, thus reducing its overall weight. On the one hand, the possible combinations of matrices, reinforcements, and technologies provides more options to the designer. On the other hand, it increases the fields that need to be investigated in order to obtain all the information requested for a safe design. This Applied Sciences Special Issue, “Composite Materials in Design Processes”, collects recent advances in the design methods for components made of composites and composite material properties at a laminate level or using a multi-scale approach
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    Processing and Characterization of Magnesium-Based Materials (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036511023 , 9783036511030
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (118 p.)
    Keywords: Technology: general issues
    Abstract: Due to their lightweight and high specific strength, Mg-based alloys are considered as substitutes to their heavier counterparts in applications in which corrosion is non-relevant and weight saving is of importance. Furthermore, due to the biocompatibility of Mg, some alloys with controlled corrosion rates are used as degradable implant materials in the medical sector. The typical processing route of Mg parts incorporates a casting step and, subsequently, a thermo–mechanical treatment. In order to achieve the desired macroscopic properties and thus fulfill the service requirements, thorough knowledge of the relationship between the microstructure, the processing steps, and the resulting property profile is necessary. This Special Issue covers in situ and ex situ experimental and computational investigations of the behavior under thermo–mechanical load of Mg-based alloys utilizing modern characterization and simulation techniques. The papers cover investigations on the effect of rare earth additions on the mechanical properties of different Mg alloys, including the effect of long-period stacking-ordered (LPSO) structures, and the experimental and computational investigation of the effect of different processing routes
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    New Trends on the Combustion Processes in Spark Ignition Engines (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036514482 , 9783036514475
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (191 p.)
    Keywords: Technology: general issues
    Abstract: This Special Issue on "New Trends on the Combustion Processes in Spark Ignition Engines" contains nine papers on new developments on Internal Combustion (IC) engines aiming to enhance their efficiency, leading to the reduction of fossil CO2 and other gaseous pollutants. It is divided into two parts. In the initial part, the focus in on fuels, with four papers discussing the use of biofuels and other alternative fuels that can be used in different types of IC Engines. Additionally, conventional fuels are tested in order to evaluate their optimal use in new downsizing high-boost engines. A revision paper on alternative fuels is also included. The second part involves the study and improvement of engine combustion diagnostics as well as the presentation of an alternative type of propulsion system
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    Advanced Modeling and Research in Hybrid Microgrid Control and Optimization (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036518862 , 9783036518855
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (264 p.)
    Keywords: Technology: general issues ; Energy industries & utilities
    Abstract: This book presents the latest solutions in fuel cell (FC) and renewable energy implementation in mobile and stationary applications. The implementation of advanced energy management and optimization strategies are detailed for fuel cell and renewable microgrids, and for the multi-FC stack architecture of FC/electric vehicles to enhance the reliability of these systems and to reduce the costs related to energy production and maintenance. Cyber-security methods based on blockchain technology to increase the resilience of FC renewable hybrid microgrids are also presented. Therefore, this book is for all readers interested in these challenging directions of research
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    Marine Resources Application Potential for Biotechnological Purposes (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036517360 , 9783036517353
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (135 p.)
    Keywords: Technology: general issues
    Abstract: Blue biotechnology plays a major role in converting marine biomass into societal value, being a key pillar for many marine economy developmental frameworks and sustainability strategies, such as the Blue Growth Strategy, diverse Sea Basin Strategies (e.g., Atlantic Action Plan Priority 1 and 2 and COM (2017) 183), the Marine Strategy Framework Directive, the Limassol Declaration, or even the UN Sustainable Development 2030 Agenda. However, despite the recognized biotechnological potential of marine biomass, the work is dispersed between multiple areas of applied biotechnology, resulting in few concrete examples of product development.This book highlight the vast potential that marine resources hold, from viruses to seaweeds, and a myriad of applications from antimicrobials and cosmetics to feed and food that contributes to a market-driven and industrially orientated research, which will increase the efficiency of the marine biodiscovery pipeline and ultimately deliver realistic and measurable benefits to society, which is paramount for sustained blue growth and a successful market penetration of targeted biomolecules or enriched extracts for new product development, which are cornerstone issues for the present and the future of a marine biobased economy
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    Crystal Plasticity at Micro- and Nano-scale Dimensions (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036508740 , 9783036508757
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (322 p.)
    Keywords: Technology: general issues
    Abstract: The present collection of articles focuses on the mechanical strength properties at micro- and nanoscale dimensions of body-centered cubic, face-centered cubic and hexagonal close-packed crystal structures. The advent of micro-pillar test specimens is shown to provide a new dimensional scale for the investigation of crystal deformation properties. The ultra-small dimensional scale at which these properties are measured is shown to approach the atomic-scale level at which model dislocation mechanics descriptions of crystal slip and deformation twinning behaviors are proposed to be operative, including the achievement of atomic force microscopic measurements of dislocation pile-up interactions with crystal grain boundaries or with hard surface coatings. A special advantage of engineering designs made at such small crystal and polycrystalline dimensions is the achievement of an approximate order-of-magnitude increase in mechanical strength levels. Reasonable extrapolation of macro-scale continuum mechanics descriptions of crystal strength properties at micro- to nano-indentation hardness measurements are demonstrated, in addition to reports on persistent slip band observations and fatigue cracking behaviors. High-entropy alloy, superalloy and energetic crystal properties are reported along with descriptions of deformation rate sensitivities, grain boundary structures, nano-cutting, void nucleation/growth micromechanics and micro-composite electrical properties
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    Reinforced Polymer Composites (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036509686 , 9783036509693
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (358 p.)
    Keywords: Technology: general issues
    Abstract: This book, consisting of 21 articles, including three review papers, written by research groups of experts in the field, considers recent research on reinforced polymer composites. Most of them relate to the fiber-reinforced polymer composites, which are a real hot topic in the field. Depending on the reinforcing fiber nature, such composites are divided into synthetic and natural fiber-reinforced ones. Synthetic fibers, such as carbon, glass, or basalt, provide more stiffness, while natural fibers, such as jute, flax, bamboo, kenaf, and others, are inexpensive and biodegradable, making them environmentally friendly. To acquire the benefits of design flexibility and recycling possibilities, natural reinforcers can be hybridized with small amounts of synthetic fibers to make them more desirable for technical applications. Elaborated composites have great potential as structural materials in automotive, marine and aerospace application, as fire resistant concrete, in bridge systems, as mechanical gear pair, as biomedical materials for dentistry and orthopedic application and tissue engineering, as well as functional materials such as proton-exchange membranes, biodegradable superabsorbent resins and polymer electrolytes
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    Agents and Robots for Reliable Engineered Autonomy (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036518596 , 9783036518602
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (150 p.)
    Keywords: Technology: general issues
    Abstract: This book contains the contributions of the Special Issue entitled "Agents and Robots for Reliable Engineered Autonomy". The Special Issue was based on the successful first edition of the "Workshop on Agents and Robots for reliable Engineered Autonomy" (AREA 2020), co-located with the 24th European Conference on Artificial Intelligence (ECAI 2020). The aim was to bring together researchers from autonomous agents, as well as software engineering and robotics communities, as combining knowledge from these three research areas may lead to innovative approaches that solve complex problems related to the verification and validation of autonomous robotic systems
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    Advances and Challenges in Organic Electronics (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036502823 , 9783036502830
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (134 p.)
    Keywords: Technology: general issues
    Abstract: Organic Electronics is a rapidly evolving multidisciplinary research field at the interface between Organic Chemistry and Physics. Organic Electronics is based on the use of the unique optical and electrical properties of π-conjugated materials that range from small molecules to polymers. The wide activity of researchers in Organic Electronics is testament to the fact that its potential is huge and its list of potential applications almost endless. Application of these electronic and optoelectronic devices range from Organic Field Effect Transistors (OFETs) to Organic Light Emitting Diodes (OLEDs) and Organic Solar Cells (OSCs), sensors, etc. We invited a series of colleagues to contribute to this Special Issue with respect to the aforementioned concepts and keywords. The goal for this Special Issue was to describe the recent developments of this rapidly advancing interdisciplinary research field. We thank all authors for their contributions
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    Nanoscale Self-Assembly: Nanopatterning and Metrology (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036519616 , 9783036519609
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (124 p.)
    Keywords: Technology: general issues
    Abstract: The self-assembly process underlies a plethora of natural phenomena from the macro to the nano scale. Often, technological development has found great inspiration in the natural world, as evidenced by numerous fabrication techniques based on self-assembly (SA). One striking example is given by epitaxial growths, in which atoms represent the building blocks. In lithography, the use of self-assembling materials is considered an extremely promising patterning option to overcome the size scale limitations imposed by the conventional photolithographic methods. To this purpose, in the last two decades several supramolecular self-assembling materials have been investigated and successfully applied to create patterns at a nanometric scale. Although considerable progress has been made so far in the control of self-assembly processes applied to nanolithography, a number of unresolved problems related to the reproducibility and metrology of the self-assembled features are still open. Addressing these issues is mandatory in order to allow the widespread diffusion of SA materials for applications such as microelectronics, photonics, or biology. In this context, the aim of the present Special Issue is to gather original research papers and comprehensive reviews covering various aspects of the self-assembly processes applied to nanopatterning. Topics include the development of novel SA methods, the realization of nanometric structures and devices, and the improvement of their long-range order. Moreover, metrology issues related to the nanoscale characterization of self-assembled structures are addressed
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    Advanced Process Monitoring for Industry 4.0 (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036520735 , 9783036520742
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (288 p.)
    Keywords: Technology: general issues
    Abstract: This book reports recent advances on Process Monitoring (PM) to cope with the many challenges raised by the new production systems, sensors and “extreme data” conditions that emerged with Industry 4.0. Concepts such as digital-twins and deep learning are brought to the PM arena, pushing forward the capabilities of existing methodologies to handle more complex scenarios. The evolution of classical paradigms such as Latent Variable modeling, Six Sigma and FMEA are also covered. Applications span a wide range of domains such as microelectronics, semiconductors, chemicals, materials, agriculture, as well as the monitoring of rotating equipment, combustion systems and membrane separation processes
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    Design, Fabrication and Performance of Wind Turbines 2020 (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036503141 , 9783036503158
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (120 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general ; Technology: general issues
    Abstract: From small-scale vertical axis wind turbines for urban usage to large-scale horizontal axis wind turbines for offshore wind farms, design, fabrication, and optimization technologies are highly required to manage wind energy effectively. Moreover, some new opportunities, such as in wind farm design, fluid–structure interaction, aero-acoustics, fabrication methods and performance tests by experimental and computational fluid dynamics should be engaged in modern wind turbine communities. The basic objectives of this book include improving the reliability and promoting the high efficiency of wind turbines as well as their dynamic performance, reducing wind turbine-generated noise and improving power generation efficiencies through high-fidelity approaches. Students, scholars, and engineers who manage such a wide range of wind turbine scales and usages, design, fabrication, and performance test protocols for various wind turbines, are highly recommended to read this book
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    Towards Green, Enhanced Photocatalysts for Hydrogen Evolution (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036517483 , 9783036517476
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (92 p.)
    Keywords: Technology: general issues
    Abstract: This book gathers selected research on the preparation, characterization and application of new organic/inorganic composites endowed with photo(electro)catalytic properties for the photocatalytic production of H2. In these pilot studies, the photoactive materials were tested under either UV-visible or, even more conveniently, under visible light for H2 evolution in “sacrificial water splitting” or “photoreforming” systems. In addition, a review article on the use of 2D materials and composites as potential photocatalysts for water splitting is included
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    Biomass Wastes for Energy Production (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036505602 , 9783036505619
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (192 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general ; Technology: general issues
    Abstract: Environmental problems are forcing a rethinking of the world’s energy supply system. In parallel, there is an increasing amount of global solid waste production. A fundamental shift toward greater reliance on biomass wastes in the world’s energy system is plausible because of ongoing major technological advances that hold the promise of making the conversion of biomass into high-quality energy carriers, like electricity and gaseous or liquid fuels, economically competitive with fossil fuels. Therefore, waste-to-energy systems have become a paramount topic for both industry and researchers due to interest in energy production from waste and improved chemical and thermal efficiencies with more cost-effective designs. This biomass shift is also important for industries to become more efficient by using their own wastes to produce their own energy in the light of the circular economy concept. This book on “Biomass Wastes for Energy Production” brings novel advances on waste-to-energy technologies, life cycle assessment, and computational models, and contributes to promoting rethinking of the world’s energy supply systems
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    Surface Engineering of C/N/O Functionalized Materials (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036527055 , 9783036527048
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (140 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general ; Technology: general issues
    Abstract: This book discusses the latest developments in the surface engineering of C/N/O functionalized materials, including both experimental and theoretical studies on heat treatment and surface engineering of metals, ceramics, and polymers
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    Testing of Materials and Elements in Civil Engineering (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036518909 , 9783036518916
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (578 p.)
    Keywords: Technology: general issues
    Abstract: This book was proposed and organized as a means to present recent developments in the field of testing of materials and elements in civil engineering. For this reason, the articles highlighted in this editorial relate to different aspects of testing of different materials and elements in civil engineering, from building materials to building structures. The current trend in the development of testing of materials and elements in civil engineering is mainly concerned with the detection of flaws and defects in concrete elements and structures, and acoustic methods predominate in this field. As in medicine, the trend is towards designing test equipment that allows one to obtain a picture of the inside of the tested element and materials. Interesting results with significance for building practices were obtained
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    Applications in Electronics Pervading Industry, Environment and Society : Sensing Systems and Pervasive Intelligence (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036504780 , 9783036504797
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (258 p.)
    Keywords: Technology: general issues
    Abstract: This book features the manuscripts accepted for the Special Issue “Applications in Electronics Pervading Industry, Environment and Society—Sensing Systems and Pervasive Intelligence” of the MDPI journal Sensors. Most of the papers come from a selection of the best papers of the 2019 edition of the “Applications in Electronics Pervading Industry, Environment and Society” (APPLEPIES) Conference, which was held in November 2019. All these papers have been significantly enhanced with novel experimental results. The papers give an overview of the trends in research and development activities concerning the pervasive application of electronics in industry, the environment, and society. The focus of these papers is on cyber physical systems (CPS), with research proposals for new sensor acquisition and ADC (analog to digital converter) methods, high-speed communication systems, cybersecurity, big data management, and data processing including emerging machine learning techniques. Physical implementation aspects are discussed as well as the trade-off found between functional performance and hardware/system costs
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    Numerical Simulation of Wind Turbines (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036511658 , 9783036511641
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (308 p.)
    Keywords: Technology: general issues
    Abstract: The book contains the research contributions belonging to the Special Issue "Numerical Simulation of Wind Turbines", published in 2020-2021. They consist of 15 original research papers and 1 editorial. Different topics are discussed, from innovative design solutions for large and small wind turbine to control, from advanced simulation techniques to noise prediction. The variety of methods used in the research contributions testifies the need for a holistic approach to the design and simulation of modern wind turbines and will be able to stimulate the interest of the wind energy community
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    Circuits and Systems Advances in Near Threshold Computing (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036507200 , 9783036507217
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (120 p.)
    Keywords: Technology: general issues
    Abstract: Modern society is witnessing a sea change in ubiquitous computing, in which people have embraced computing systems as an indispensable part of day-to-day existence. Computation, storage, and communication abilities of smartphones, for example, have undergone monumental changes over the past decade. However, global emphasis on creating and sustaining green environments is leading to a rapid and ongoing proliferation of edge computing systems and applications. As a broad spectrum of healthcare, home, and transport applications shift to the edge of the network, near-threshold computing (NTC) is emerging as one of the promising low-power computing platforms. An NTC device sets its supply voltage close to its threshold voltage, dramatically reducing the energy consumption. Despite showing substantial promise in terms of energy efficiency, NTC is yet to see widescale commercial adoption. This is because circuits and systems operating with NTC suffer from several problems, including increased sensitivity to process variation, reliability problems, performance degradation, and security vulnerabilities, to name a few. To realize its potential, we need designs, techniques, and solutions to overcome these challenges associated with NTC circuits and systems. The readers of this book will be able to familiarize themselves with recent advances in electronics systems, focusing on near-threshold computing
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    Innovative Composite Materials for Sound Absorption and Insulation (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036523811 , 9783036523804
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (188 p.)
    Keywords: Technology: general issues
    Abstract: Materials with sound-absorbing or sound-insulating properties have been rapidly evolving in recent years for several reasons. On one side, there is the ever-increasing awareness of the adverse effects that noise and lack of acoustic comfort may have on human health. On the other, the availability of more sophisticated fabrication techniques, calculation methods, and new materials, has stimulated researchers and, more and more frequently, industry to develop customized materials with improved properties.This book collects contributions from different researchers covering several topics. A group of papers investigated the use of 3D printing to obtain perforated panels with extended frequency response, as well as to ideally design an optimized cell distribution to print (when fabrication techniques will make it possible) a porous material with a broader sound absorption. The role of the geometrical and microstructural properties of granular molecular sieves is investigated by another paper. A second group of papers focused its attention on the use of natural or recycled components to create a skeleton of porous materials with good sound-absorbing properties and low environmental impact. Cigarette butts, recycled textile waste, and almond skins have been investigated by different authors.Finally, the last batch of papers included a review of sound insulation properties of innovative concretes and two research papers focussing on a numerical and experimental analysis of wood plastic composite (WPC) panels and on the potential of semi-active solutions employing compressible constrained layer damping (CCLD)
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    Antibacterial Surfaces, Thin Films, and Nanostructured Coatings (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036516325 , 9783036516318
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (182 p.)
    Keywords: Technology: general issues
    Abstract: Creating antibacterial surfaces is the primary approach in preventing the occurrence and diffusion of clinical infections and foodborne diseases as well as in contrasting the propagation of pandemics in everyday life. Proper surface engineering can inhibit microorganism spread and biofilm formation, can contrast antimicrobial resistance (AMR), and can avoid cross-contamination from a contaminated surface to another and eventually to humans. For these reasons, antibacterial surfaces play a key role in many applications, ranging from biomedicine to food and beverage materials, textiles, and objects with frequent human contact. The incorporation of antimicrobial agents within a surface or their addition onto a surface are very effective strategies to achieve this aim and to properly modify many other surface properties at the same time. In this framework, this Special Issue collects research studying several materials and methods related to the antibacterial properties of surfaces for different applications and discussions about the environmental and human-safety aspects
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    Alternative Fuels and Their Application to Combustion Engines (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036513980 , 9783036513973
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (114 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general ; Technology: general issues
    Abstract: The world is observing the disastrous consequences of climate change. The recent bushfires in Australia in 2019-2020 have burned 16.8 million hectares of land and killed 1 billion animals (estimated). Although diesel vehicles are widely used all over the world due their innate high power output, adaptability, and affordability; the transport sector is a significant contributor to carbon dioxide, which is immensely accountable for global warming. The production of cleaner alternatives to diesel fuel will help to build a sustainable environment for future generations. The Special Issue contains papers from experts around the world addressing the mentioned issues and suggesting pathways to improve
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    Application of Nanoparticles for Oil Recovery (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036513188 , 9783036513171
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (145 p.)
    Keywords: Technology: general issues
    Abstract: The oil industry has, in the last decade, seen successful applications of nanotechnology in completion systems, completion fluids, drilling fluids, and in improvements of well constructions, equipment, and procedures. However, very few full field applications of nanoparticles as an additive to injection fluids for enhanced oil recovery (EOR) have been reported. Many types of chemical enhanced oil recovery methods have been used in fields all over the world for many decades and have resulted in higher recovery, but the projects have very often not been economic. Therefore, the oil industry is searching for a more efficient enhanced oil recovery method. Based on the success of nanotechnology in various areas of the oil industry, nanoparticles have been extensively studied as an additive in injection fluids for EOR. This book includes a selection of research articles on the use of nanoparticles for EOR application. The articles are discussing nanoparticles as additive in waterflooding and surfactant flooding, stability and wettability alteration ability of nanoparticles and nanoparticle stabilized foam for CO2-EOR. The book also includes articles on nanoparticles as an additive in biopolymer flooding and studies on the use of nanocellulose as a method to increase the viscosity of injection water. Mathematical models of the injection of nanoparticle-polymer solutions are also presented
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    Exclusive Feature Papers in Colorants (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
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    ISBN: 9783036527239 , 9783036527222
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (156 p.)
    Keywords: Technology: general issues
    Abstract: “Exclusive Feature Papers in Colorants” is a collection of important high-quality papers (original research articles or comprehensive review papers) published in open access. This Special Issue aims to discuss new knowledge or new cutting-edge developments in the colorants research field through selected works, in the hope of making a great contribution to the community. We intend for this issue to be the best forum for disseminating excellent research findings as well as sharing innovative ideas in the field
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    Mechanical Properties of Materials (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
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    ISBN: 9783036510842 , 9783036510859
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (98 p.)
    Keywords: Technology: general issues
    Abstract: In the oral environment, restorative and prosthetic materials and appliances are exposed to chemical, thermal and mechanical challenges. The mechanical properties of a material define how it responds to the application of a physical force. Recent advances in nanotechnology and 3D printing have rapidly spread, and manufacturers continuously develop new materials and solutions to provide high-quality dental care, with particular attention being paid to long-term follow-up. Restorative dentistry, prosthodontics, oral surgery, implants, periodontology and orthodontics are all involved in this continuing evolution. This Special Issue focuses on all the recent technology that can enhance the mechanical properties of materials used in all of the different branches of dentistry
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    Advanced Materials and Technologies for Fuel Cells (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036505381 , 9783036505398
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (196 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general ; Technology: general issues
    Abstract: Fuel cells are expected to play a relevant role in the transition towards a sustainable-energy-driven world. Although this type of electrochemical system was discovered a long time ago, only in recent years has global energy awareness, together with newly developed materials and available technologies, made such key advances in relation to fuel cell potential and its deployment. It is now unquestionable that fuel cells are recognized, alongside their possibility to work in the reverse mode, as the hub of the new energy deal. Now the questions are, why are they not yet ready to be used, despite the strong economic support given from the society? What prevents them from being entered into the hydrogen energy scenario in which renewable sources will provide energy when it is not readily available? How much are researchers involved in this urgent step towards change? This book gives a clear answer, engaging with some of the open issues that explain the delay of fuel cell deployment and, at the same time, it opens a window that shows how wide and attractive the opportunities offered by this technology are. Papers collected here are not only specialist-oriented but also offer a clear landscape to curious readers and show how challenging the road to the future is
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    Storm Tide and Wave Simulations and Assessment (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
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    ISBN: 9783036504964 , 9783036504971
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (148 p.)
    Keywords: Technology: general issues
    Abstract: In this Special Issue, seven high-quality papers covering the application and development of many high-end techniques for studies on storm tides, surges, and waves have been published, for instance, the employment of an artificial neural network for predicting coastal freak waves [1]; a reproduction of super typhoon-created extreme waves [2]; a numerical analysis of nonlinear interactions for storm waves, tides, and currents [3]; wave simulation for an island using a circulation–wave coupled model [4]; an analysis of typhoon-induced waves along typhoon tracks in the western North Pacific Ocean [5]; an understanding of how a storm surge prevents or severely restricts aeolian supply [6]; and an investigation of coastal settlements and an assessment of their vulnerability [7]
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    Biometric Systems (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
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    ISBN: 9783036511283 , 9783036511290
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (352 p.)
    Keywords: Technology: general issues
    Abstract: Because of the accelerating progress in biometrics research and the latest nation-state threats to security, this book's publication is not only timely but also much needed. This volume contains seventeen peer-reviewed chapters reporting the state of the art in biometrics research: security issues, signature verification, fingerprint identification, wrist vascular biometrics, ear detection, face detection and identification (including a new survey of face recognition), person re-identification, electrocardiogram (ECT) recognition, and several multi-modal systems. This book will be a valuable resource for graduate students, engineers, and researchers interested in understanding and investigating this important field of study
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    CFD Based Researches and Applications for Fluid Machinery and Fluid Device (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036518169 , 9783036518152
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (539 p.)
    Keywords: Technology: general issues
    Abstract: The demand for computational fluid dynamics (CFD)-based numerical techniques is increasing rapidly with the development of the computing power system. These advanced CFD techniques are applicable to various issues in the industrial engineering fields and especially contribute to the design of fluid machinery and fluid devices, which have very complicated unsteady flow phenomena and physics. In other words, to aid the rapid development of CFD techniques, the performances of fluid machinery and fluid devices with complicated unsteady flows have been enhanced significantly. In addition, many persistently troublesome problems of fluid machinery and fluid devices such as flow instability, rotor–stator interaction, surging, cavitation, vibration, and noise are solved clearly using advanced CFD techniques.This Special Issue on “CFD-Based Research and Applications for Fluid Machinery and Fluid Devices” aims to present recent novel research trends based on advanced CFD techniques for fluid machinery and fluid devices. The following topics, among others, are included in this issue:- CFD techniques and applications in fluid machinery and fluid devices;- Unsteady and transient phenomena in fluid machinery and fluid devices;- Pumps, fans, compressors, hydraulic turbines, pump turbines, valves, etc
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    Genome Mining and Synthetic Biology in Marine Natural Products Discovery (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036502540 , 9783036502557
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (92 p.)
    Keywords: Technology: general issues
    Abstract: In recent years, marine genomics has become a growning rapidly field, helped by the large amount of information that is becoming available to the international scientific community. Taking into account the current excitement in the field of marine biotechnology, this Special Issue entitled “Genome Mining and Synthetic Biology in Marine Natural Product Discovery” aims to to assess the impact of these molecular approaches on the discovery of bioactive compounds from marine organisms. The term “genome mining” is used to identify all bioinformatic investigations aimed at detecting the biosynthetic pathways of bioactive natural products and their possible functional and chemical interactions. Several studies are now reporting on marine organisms. Oceans cover nearly 70% of the Earth’s surface and host a huge ecological, chemical, and biological diversity. The natural conditions of the sea favor, in marine organisms, the production of a large variety of novel molecules with great pharmaceutical potential. Marine organisms are unique in their structural and functional features compared to terrestrial ones. Innovation in this field is very rapid, as revealed by the funding of several Seventh Framework Programme (FP7) and Horizon 2020 projects under the topic “Blue Growth”, with the urgent goal of discovering new drugs
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    Latest Hydroforming Technology of Metallic Tubes and Sheets (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036523545 , 9783036523538
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (274 p.)
    Keywords: Technology: general issues
    Abstract: This Special Issue and Book, ‘Latest Hydroforming Technology of Metallic Tubes and Sheets’, includes 16 papers, which cover the state of the art of forming technologies in the relevant topics in the field. The technologies and methodologies presented in these papers will be very helpful for scientists, engineers, and technicians in product development or forming technology innovation related to tube hydroforming processes
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    Control and Automation (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036524467 , 9783036524474
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (136 p.)
    Keywords: Technology: general issues
    Abstract: Control and automation systems are at the heart of our every day lives. This book is a collection of novel ideas and findings in these fields, published as part of the Special Issue on Control and Automation. The core focus of this issue was original ideas and potential contributions for both theory and practice. It received a total number of 21 submissions, out of which 7 were accepted. These published manuscripts tackle some novel approaches in control, including fractional order control systems, with applications in robotics, biomedical engineering, electrical engineering, vibratory systems, and wastewater treatment plants. This Special Issue has gathered a selection of novel research results regarding control systems in several distinct research areas. We hope that these papers will evoke new ideas, concepts, and further developments in the field
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    Current Trends and Perspectives in the Application of Polymeric Materials for Wastewater Treatment (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036523729 , 9783036523712
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (192 p.)
    Keywords: Technology: general issues
    Abstract: Water is indispensable to the functioning of most known life forms, and good water quality is essential to human health, social and economic development, and ecosystem functioning. Nonetheless, population growth has been leading to the degradation and depletion of fresh water resources. Under these circumstances, ensuring sufficient and safe water supplies for everyone is one of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) set by the United Nations General Assembly in 2015 for the year 2030. For this goal to be achieved, the development and implementation of appropriate and efficient wastewater treatments that allow us to reduce water pollution is a major challenge.In view of the relevant contribution that polymers and polymeric materials may have in the conservation of the aquatic environment, namely by their application in wastewater treatment, original research and review papers on “Current trends and perspectives in the application of polymeric materials for wastewater treatment” were here brought together. For sure, this set of papers will be helpful and inspiring for readers interested in this topic
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    Green Energy Technology (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036523965 , 9783036523972
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (324 p.)
    Keywords: Technology: general issues
    Abstract: This book, entitled “The Green Energy Technology”, covers technologies, products, equipment, and devices, as well as energy services, based on software and data protected by patents and/or trademarks. The recent trends underline the principles of a circular economy such as sustainable product design, extending the product’s lifecycle, reusability, and recycling. These are highly related to climate change and environmental impact, and limited natural resources require scientific research and novel technical solutions. This book will serve as a collection of the latest scientific and technological approaches to “green”—i.e., environmentally friendly and sustainable—technologies. While the focus is on energy and bioenergy, it also covers "green" solutions in all aspects of industrial engineering. Green Energy Technology addresses researchers, advanced students, technical consultants and decision-makers in industries and politics. This book is a comprehensive overview and in-depth technical research paper addressing recent progress in Green Energy Technology. We hope that readers will enjoy reading this book
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    Advances in Industrial Crystallization (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036503301 , 9783036503318
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (258 p.)
    Keywords: Technology: general issues
    Abstract: This Special Issue is result of a call for papers of the Section Industrial Crystallization of MDPI’s scientific journal Crystals. It addresses scientists and engineers active in research and process & product development in life-science industries (e.g. pharmaceuticals, fine chemicals and biotechnology products) and bulk chemical applications (e.g. desalination) as well. The contributions comprise several fundamental and application-oriented facets of crystallization providing an overview of industrially relevant subjects in the field. Main issues cover phase equilibria and solid-state behavior of crystalline compounds, crystal shape and size and related measurement techniques. Melt and solution crystallization are considered specifically addressing contemporary aspects of continuous crystallization and process intensification
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    Selected Papers from XVI MaNaPro and XI ECMNP (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
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    ISBN: 9783036506425 , 9783036506432
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (214 p.)
    Keywords: Technology: general issues
    Abstract: The oceans harbor the majority of the Earth´s biodiversity. Marine organisms/microorganisms provide a diverse array of natural products, which are important sources of biologically active agents with unique chemical structures and a broad range of medical and biotechnological applications. The XVI MaNaPro and XI ECMNP conferences aim to present advances and future perspectives on marine natural product research to the scientific community by gathering scientists who work in marine chemistry and related scientific fields from all over the world and at different seniority levels. This Special Issue was organized on the occasion of the 2nd joint XVI MaNaPro and XI ECMNP meeting (http://wmnp2019.ipleiria.pt/) held in Peniche, Portugal, in 2019. It comprises 12 original research articles that exemplify research performed in the scope of the conference topics
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    Mechanical Properties and Structural Analysis of Coatings and Engineered Surfaces (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036518046 , 9783036518039
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (74 p.)
    Keywords: Technology: general issues
    Abstract: The enhancement of life and the performance of metal engineering components is mainly determined by surface characteristics. The latter has a pivotal role in enhancing the life of products since they control the mechanical, electrical, thermal, and electronic properties. Nevertheless, the surface and near-surface properties are crucial in failure mechanisms since the loss of performance and failures mostly begin from the surface. Research advances in the designing, processing, and characterizing of textured surfaces broadly support innovative industrial applications and products.The performance improvement in engineering components during operation is a challenging issue and surface engineering methods have been attracting considerable interest in both research and industrial fields. Even though many attempts have been made to face the wear of metals by tuning the physical, chemical, mechanical, and metallurgical properties of their surfaces, several important aspects need to be still deepened.The present book collects original research papers and a review that covers the latest development in methods for enhancing the life and functionality of engineering components by tuning the physical, chemical, mechanical, and metallurgical properties of their surfaces. Attention is focused on processing and characterizing methods capable of supporting industrial applications and products to both tackle surface degradation and improve the performance and reliability of components
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    Catalytic Transformation of Renewables (Olefin, Bio-sourced, et. al) (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036510682 , 9783036510699
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (248 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general ; Technology: general issues
    Abstract: The objective of this Special Issue is to provide new contributions in the area of biomass valorization using heterogeneous catalysts and focusing specifically on the structure/activity relationships of specific and important oxidation, hydrogenation, hydrodeoxygenation and biocatalytic processes. The issue emphasizes the influence of the design and morphology of the catalyst, in terms of particle size, redox and acid-base properties and catalyst stability. Finally, mechanistic studies and examples of design and optimization of industrial processes are presented
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    Sustainable Combustion Systems and Their Impact (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036513966 , 9783036513959
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (166 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general ; Technology: general issues
    Abstract: As the world enters the third decade of the 21st century, a shift in global energy demand and use is anticipated. The transportation industry is one of the largest energy users, with major environmental consequences. Additionally, with the most ambitious electric vehicle predictions, the bulk of cars sold in 2040 will still have internal combustion engines. As a result, we must continue to explore all options for reducing IC engine emissions, as well as pathways to reduce potential vehicle CO2 emissions. Hydrogen, on the other hand, which can be used in both internal combustion engines and fuel cells, is seen as one of the future's most important energy vectors. In terms of production, storage, and application, this technology still faces several challenges. This Special Issue features original research papers, as well as important review articles on current issues relating to laboratory research and in-vehicle test results on different renewable combustion strategies that seek to reduce environmental impact
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    Structure-Seabed Interactions in Marine Environments (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036522050 , 9783036522067
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (192 p.)
    Keywords: Technology: general issues
    Abstract: The phenomenon of soil–structure interactions in marine environments has attracted great attention from coastal geotechnical engineers in recent years. One of the reasons for the growing interest is the rapid development of marine resources (such as in the oil and gas industry, marine renewable energy, and fish farming industry) as well as the damage to marine infrastructure that has occurred in the last two decades. To assist practical engineers in the design and planning of coastal geotechnical projects, a better understanding of the mechanisms of soil–structure interactions in marine environments is desired. This Special Issue reports the recent advances in the problems of structure–seabed interactions in marine environment and provides practical engineers and researchers with information on recent developments in this field
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    Advanced Mathematics and Computational Applications in Control Systems Engineering (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036514529 , 9783036514512
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (178 p.)
    Keywords: Technology: general issues
    Abstract: Control system engineering is a multidisciplinary discipline that applies automatic control theory to design systems with desired behaviors in control environments. Automatic control theory has played a vital role in the advancement of engineering and science. It has become an essential and integral part of modern industrial and manufacturing processes. Today, the requirements for control precision have increased, and real systems have become more complex. In control engineering and all other engineering disciplines, the impact of advanced mathematical and computational methods is rapidly increasing. Advanced mathematical methods are needed because real-world control systems need to comply with several conditions related to product quality and safety constraints that have to be taken into account in the problem formulation. Conversely, the increment in mathematical complexity has an impact on the computational aspects related to numerical simulation and practical implementation of the algorithms, where a balance must also be maintained between implementation costs and the performance of the control system. This book is a comprehensive set of articles reflecting recent advances in developing and applying advanced mathematics and computational applications in control system engineering
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    Synthesis, Chracterization and Applications of Coated Composite Materials for Energy Applications (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036516608 , 9783036516592
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (171 p.)
    Keywords: Technology: general issues
    Abstract: The formulation of coated composite materials is an important field of research around the world today. Coated composite materials include inhomogeneous and anisotropic materials. These materials are formulated by an amalgamate minimum of two or more materials that accommodate different properties. These materials have a vast field of appealing applications that encourage scientists to work on them. Due to their unique properties, such as their strength, liability, swiftness, and low cost, they are used as promising candidates for reliable applications in various fields, such as biomedical, engineering, energy devices, wastewater treatment, and agriculture. Different types of composite materials have had a noticeable impact in these fields already, such as glass, plastic, and, most promisingly, metal oxide nanoparticles
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  • 89
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    Wind Turbine Aerodynamics II (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036524726 , 9783036524733
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (144 p.)
    Keywords: Technology: general issues
    Abstract: This Special Issue is a collection of the latest research articles on various topics related to wind turbine aerodynamics, which includes wind turbine design concepts, tip loss correction study, wind turbine acoustics modelling, and the vertical axis wind turbine concept
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  • 90
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    Advanced Materials, Structures and Processing Technologies Based on Pulsed Laser (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
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    ISBN: 9783036527031 , 9783036527024
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (83 p.)
    Keywords: Technology: general issues
    Abstract: Pulsed lasers are lasers with a single laser pulse width of less than 0.25 s, operating only once in every certain time interval. Commonly used pulsed lasers are nanosecond, femtosecond, and picosecond lasers. A pulsed laser produces short pulses with a short interaction time with the material, which can largely avoid impact on the thermal movement of molecules and has a minimal thermal impact on the surrounding materials, thus having significant advantages in precision microfabrication. It is now widely used in flexible electronics, chips, medicine, and other fields, such as photographic resin curing, microwelding, vision correction, heart stent manufacturing, etc. However, as an emerging processing technology, the application prospects of pulsed lasers have yet to be fully expanded, and there is still a need to continuously explore the mechanisms of interaction with materials, to manufacture advanced functional structures, and to develop advanced process technologies
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  • 91
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    Selected Papers from the First International Symposium on Future ICT (Future-ICT 2019) in Conjunction with 4th International Symposium on Mobile Internet Security (MobiSec 2019) (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
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    ISBN: 9783036507286 , 9783036507293
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (236 p.)
    Keywords: Technology: general issues
    Abstract: The International Symposium on Future ICT (Future-ICT 2019) in conjunction with the 4th International Symposium on Mobile Internet Security (MobiSec 2019) was held on 17–19 October 2019 in Taichung, Taiwan. The symposium provided academic and industry professionals an opportunity to discuss the latest issues and progress in advancing smart applications based on future ICT and its relative security. The symposium aimed to publish high-quality papers strictly related to the various theories and practical applications concerning advanced smart applications, future ICT, and related communications and networks. It was expected that the symposium and its publications would be a trigger for further related research and technology improvements in this field
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  • 92
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    Advanced Photocatalytic Materials (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036510323 , 9783036510330
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (176 p.)
    Keywords: Technology: general issues
    Abstract: Semiconductor photocatalysts have attracted a great amount of multidiscipline research due to their high potential for solar-to-chemical-energy conversion applications, ranging from water and air purification to hydrogen and chemical fuel production. This unique diversity of photoinduced applications has spurred major research efforts on the rational design and development of photocatalytic materials with tailored structural, morphological, and optoelectronic properties in order to promote solar-light harvesting, easy photogenerated electron-hole recombination and the concomitant low quantum efficiency. This book presents a collection of original research articles on advanced photocatalytic materials, synthesized by novel fabrication approaches and/or innovative modifications that improve their performance in target photocatalytic applications such as water (cyanobacterial toxins, antibiotics, phenols, and dyes) and air (NOx and volatile organic compounds) pollutant degradation, hydrogen evolution, and hydrogen peroxide production by photoelectrochemical cells
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  • 93
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    10th Anniversary of 〈em〉Applied Sciences〈/em〉-Invited Papers in Chemistry Section (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
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    ISBN: 9783036511146 , 9783036511153
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (222 p.)
    Keywords: Technology: general issues
    Abstract: This book consists of 12 original research articles and one comprehensive review from invited chemists from around the world covering different fields of chemistry. The article on analytical chemistry features the analysis of highly polar metabolites in biological fluids, the determination of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs with a gas chromatography coupled to ion trap mass spectrometry, and the synthesis of MoS2 nanostructures for the production of near-infrared photodetectors. The environmental chemistry articles include discussions on weekly and longitudinal elemental variability in hair samples, use of bottom ash as a stabilizing agent, the removal of phosphorus from the effluent of a paper company, and the chemistry and consequences of arsenic contamination of groundwater. Polymer/coating chemistry coverage includes the incorporation of superabsorbent polymers into cementitious-based composite materials, the use of licorice root extracts for edible coatings and postharvest quality improvement, and the use of mucin-grafted polyethylene glycol-based micro- for the oral delivery of insulin. The reported research on nanomaterials chemistry covers the synthesis of ZnO-doped ceria nanorods made up of CeO2/ZnO mixed oxides, and the production of carbon fiber-reinforced plastic bonded joints with novel carbon nanotube (CNT) adhesive films. A final paper on flavonol chemistry utilizes LC-MS/MS to investigate the stability of four common types of dietary flavonols
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  • 94
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    CFD Modeling of Complex Chemical Processes: Multiscale and Multiphysics Challenges (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036512662 , 9783036512679
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (296 p.)
    Keywords: Technology: general issues
    Abstract: Computational fluid dynamics (CFD), which uses numerical analysis to predict and model complex flow behaviors and transport processes, has become a mainstream tool in engineering process research and development. Complex chemical processes often involve coupling between dynamics at vastly different length and time scales, as well as coupling of different physical models. The multiscale and multiphysics nature of those problems calls for delicate modeling approaches. This book showcases recent contributions in this field, from the development of modeling methodology to its application in supporting the design, development, and optimization of engineering processes
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  • 95
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    Preclinical Evaluation of Lipid-Based Nanosystems (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
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    ISBN: 9783036515502 , 9783036515496
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (351 p.)
    Keywords: Technology: general issues
    Abstract: The use of lipid-based nanosystems, including lipid nanoparticles (solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN) and nanostructured lipid carriers (NLC)), nanoemulsions, and liposomes, among others, is widespread. Several researchers have described the advantages of different applications of these nanosystems. For instance, they can increase the targeting and bioavailability of drugs, improving therapeutic effects. Their use in the cosmetic field is also promising, owing to their moisturizing properties and ability to protect labile cosmetic actives. Thus, it is surprising that only a few lipid-based nanosystems have reached the market. This can be explained by the strict regulatory requirements of medicines and the occurrence of unexpected in vivo failure, which highlights the need to conduct more preclinical studies.Current research is focused on testing the in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo efficacy of lipid-based nanosystems to predict their clinical performance. However, there is a lack of method validation, which compromises the comparison between different studies.This book brings together the latest research and reviews that report on in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo preclinical studies using lipid-based nanosystems. Readers can find up-to-date information on the most common experiments performed to predict the clinical behavior of lipid-based nanosystems. A series of 15 research articles and a review are presented, with authors from 15 different countries, which demonstrates the universality of the investigations that have been carried out in this area
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  • 96
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    INTER-ENG 2020 (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036507163 , 9783036507170
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (688 p.)
    Keywords: Technology: general issues
    Abstract: These proceedings contain research papers that were accepted for presentation at the 14th International Conference Inter-Eng 2020 ,Interdisciplinarity in Engineering, which was held on 8–9 October 2020, in Târgu Mureș, Romania. It is a leading international professional and scientific forum for engineers and scientists to present research works, contributions, and recent developments, as well as current practices in engineering, which is falling into a tradition of important scientific events occurring at Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology in the George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy Science, and Technology of Târgu Mures, Romania. The Inter-Eng conference started from the observation that in the 21st century, the era of high technology, without new approaches in research, we cannot speak of a harmonious society. The theme of the conference, proposing a new approach related to Industry 4.0, was the development of a new generation of smart factories based on the manufacturing and assembly process digitalization, related to advanced manufacturing technology, lean manufacturing, sustainable manufacturing, additive manufacturing, and manufacturing tools and equipment. The conference slogan was “Europe’s future is digital: a broad vision of the Industry 4.0 concept beyond direct manufacturing in the company”
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    Surface Treatment of Textiles (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036520810 , 9783036520827
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (108 p.)
    Keywords: Technology: general issues
    Abstract: Textiles are commonly constituted of natural and synthetic fibers for normal applications. To impart functional or aesthetic effects on the textiles, the surface characteristics in the fiber play an important role. Therefore, surface treatment or modification is a possible way to provide value-added properties to textiles. The textile material/fiber surface can be treated or modified physically and/or chemically to achieve different desired effects. This book will provide an open forum to draw the attention of academic researchers and industrial experts to looking into different aspects of the surface treatment of textiles
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  • 98
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    A Systems Approach for River and River Basin Restoration (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
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    ISBN: 9783039436316 , 9783039436323
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (204 p.)
    Keywords: Technology: general issues
    Abstract: Communities increasingly find that the water quality, water levels, or some other resource indicator in their river basins do not meet their expectations. This discrepancy between the desired and actual state of the resource leads to efforts in river basin restoration. River basins are complex systems, and too often, restoration efforts are ineffective due to a lack of understanding of the purpose of the system, defined by the system structure and function. The river basin structure includes stocks (e.g., water level or quality), inflows (e.g., precipitation or fertilization), outflows (e.g., evaporation or runoff), and positive and negative feedback loops with delays in responsiveness, all of which function to change or stabilize the state of the system (e.g., the stock of interest, such as water level or quality). External drivers on this structure, together with goals and rules, contribute to how a river basin functions. This book reviews several new research projects to identify and rank the twelve most effective leverage points to address discrepancies between the desired and actual state of the river basin system. This book demonstrates that river basin restoration is most likely to succeed when we change paradigms rather than try to change the system elements, as the paradigm will establish the system goals, structure, rules, delays, and parameters
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  • 99
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    Photovoltaic and Wind Energy Conversion Systems (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036508443 , 9783036508450
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (174 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general ; Technology: general issues
    Abstract: In the first decades of the current millennium, the contribution of photovoltaic and wind energy systems to power generation capacity has grown extraordinarily all around the world; in some countries, these systems have become two of the most relevant sources to meet the needs of energy supply. This Special Issue deals with all aspects of the development, implementation, and exploitation of systems and installations that operate with both sources of energy
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  • 100
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    Advances in Molecular Simulation (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036527109 , 9783036527116
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (288 p.)
    Keywords: Technology: general issues
    Abstract: Molecular simulations are commonly used in physics, chemistry, biology, material science, engineering, and even medicine. This book provides a wide range of molecular simulation methods and their applications in various fields. It reflects the power of molecular simulation as an effective research tool. We hope that the presented results can provide an impetus for further fruitful studies
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