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  • MPI Ethno. Forsch.  (448)
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  • English  (448)
  • Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute  (448)
  • Technology: general issues  (448)
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  • MPI Ethno. Forsch.  (448)
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  • English  (448)
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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Miniaturized Silicon Photodetectors : New Perspectives and Applications (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036500447 , 9783036500454
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (148 p.)
    Keywords: Technology: general issues
    Abstract: Silicon (Si) technologies provide an excellent platform for the design of microsystems where photonic and microelectronic functionalities are monolithically integrated on the same substrate. In recent years, a variety of passive and active Si photonic devices have been developed, and among them, photodetectors have attracted particular interest from the scientific community. Si photodiodes are typically designed to operate at visible wavelengths, but, unfortunately, their employment in the infrared (IR) range is limited due to the neglectable Si absorption over 1100 nm, even though the use of germanium (Ge) grown on Si has historically allowed operations to be extended up to 1550 nm. In recent years, significant progress has been achieved both by improving the performance of Si-based photodetectors in the visible range and by extending their operation to infrared wavelengths. Near-infrared (NIR) SiGe photodetectors have been demonstrated to have a “zero change” CMOS process flow, while the investigation of new effects and structures has shown that an all-Si approach could be a viable option to construct devices comparable with Ge technology. In addition, the capability to integrate new emerging 2D and 3D materials with Si, together with the capability of manufacturing devices at the nanometric scale, has led to the development of new device families with unexpected performance. Accordingly, this Special Issue of Micromachines seeks to showcase research papers, short communications, and review articles that show the most recent advances in the field of silicon photodetectors and their respective applications
    Note: English
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    ZnO Nanostructures for Tissue Regeneration, Drug-Delivery and Theranostics Applications (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036506562 , 9783036506579
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (106 p.)
    Keywords: Technology: general issues
    Abstract: Nanostructured zinc oxide materials are capturing a great deal of interest thanks to their outstanding and multifunctional properties, enabling broad series of intervention in the field of nanomedicine. ZnO can be easily prepared in a broad variety of shapes and shows anticancer and antimicrobial properties that are of interest for tissue engineering, controlled delivery of therapeutics, and even theranostics. This book is thus dedicated to the most recent advances in the field, presented as a collection of research papers and reviews. It spans from the synthesis and characterization of ZnO nanomaterials to their applications in the nanomedicine field, ranging from anticancer nanotherapeutics to dental implants and antibacterial agents
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Fluid Interfaces (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783039436330 , 9783039436347
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (232 p.)
    Keywords: Technology: general issues
    Abstract: Fluid interfaces are promising candidates for confining different types of materials, e.g., polymers, surfactants, colloids, and even small molecules, to be used in designing new functional materials with reduced dimensionality. The development of such materials requires a deepening of the physicochemical bases underlying the formation of layers at fluid interfaces as well as on the characterization of their structures and properties. This is of particular importance because the constraints associated with the assembly of materials at the interface lead to the emergence of equilibrium and features of dynamics in the interfacial systems, which are far removed from those conventionally found in traditional materials. This Special Issue is devoted to studies on the fundamental and applied aspects of fluid interfaces, and attempts to provide a comprehensive perspective on the current status of the research field
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Biosensors – Recent Advances and Future Challenges (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783039438877 , 9783039438884
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (504 p.)
    Keywords: Technology: general issues
    Abstract: The present book is devoted to all aspects of biosensing in a very broad definition, including, but not limited to, biomolecular composition used in biosensors (e.g., biocatalytic enzymes, DNAzymes, abiotic nanospecies with biocatalytic features, bioreceptors, DNA/RNA, aptasensors, etc.), physical signal transduction mechanisms (e.g., electrochemical, optical, magnetic, etc.), engineering of different biosensing platforms, operation of biosensors in vitro and in vivo (implantable or wearable devices), self-powered biosensors, etc. The biosensors can be represented with analogue devices measuring concentrations of analytes and binary devices operating in the YES/NO format, possibly with logical processing of input signals. Furthermore, the book is aimed at attracting young scientists and introducing them to the field, while providing newcomers with an enormous collection of literature references
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Quantum Transport in Mesoscopic Systems (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783039433667 , 9783039433674
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (426 p.)
    Keywords: Technology: general issues
    Abstract: Mesoscopic physics deals with systems larger than single atoms but small enough to retain their quantum properties. The possibility to create and manipulate conductors of the nanometer scale has given birth to a set of phenomena that have revolutionized physics: quantum Hall effects, persistent currents, weak localization, Coulomb blockade, etc. This Special Issue tackles the latest developments in the field. Contributors discuss time-dependent transport, quantum pumping, nanoscale heat engines and motors, molecular junctions, electron–electron correlations in confined systems, quantum thermo-electrics and current fluctuations. The works included herein represent an up-to-date account of exciting research with a broad impact in both fundamental and applied topics
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Enological Repercussions of Non-Saccharomyces Species 2.0 (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036501505 , 9783036501512
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (176 p.)
    Keywords: Technology: general issues
    Abstract: The use of non-Saccharomyces yeast species is currently a biotechnology trend in enology for which they are being broadly used to improve the sensory profile of wines because they affect aroma, color, and mouthfeel. They have become a powerful biotool to modulate the influence of global warming on grape varieties, helping to maintain the acidity, decrease the alcoholic degree, stabilize wine color, and increase freshness. In cool climates, some non-Saccharomyces can promote demalication or color stability by the formation of stable derived pigments. Additionally, non-Saccharomyces yeasts open new possibilities in biocontrol for removing spoilage yeast and bacteria or molds that can produce and release mycotoxins and, thereby, help in reducing applied SO2 levels
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Nonlinear Photonics Devices (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783039437214 , 9783039437221
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (212 p.)
    Keywords: Technology: general issues
    Abstract: The first nonlinear optical effect was observed in the 19th century by John Kerr. Nonlinear optics, however, started to grow up only after the invention of the laser, when intense light sources became easily available. The seminal studies by Peter Franken and Nicolaas Bloembergen, in the 1960s, paved the way for the development of today’s nonlinear photonics, the field of research that encompasses all the studies, designs, and implementations of nonlinear optical devices that can be used for the generation, communication, and processing of information. This field has attracted significant attention, partly due to the great potential of exploiting the optical nonlinearities of new or advanced materials to induce new phenomena and achieve new functions. According to Clarivate Web of Science, almost 200,000 papers were published that refer to the topic “nonlinear optic*”. Over 36,000 papers were published in the last four years (2015–2018) with the same keyword, and over 17,000 used the keyword “nonlinear photonic*”. The present Special Issue of Micromachines aims at reviewing the current state of the art and presenting perspectives of further development. Fundamental and applicative aspects are considered, with special attention paid to hot topics that may lead to technological and scientific breakthroughs
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Electronic Noses for Biomedical Applications and Environmental Monitoring (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783039439379 , 9783039439386
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (124 p.)
    Keywords: Technology: general issues
    Abstract: This book, titled “Electronic Noses for Biomedical Applications and Environmental Monitoring”, includes original research works and reviews concerning the use of electronic nose technology in two of the more useful and interesting fields related to chemical compounds detection of gases. Authors have explained their latest research work, including different gas sensors and materials based on nanotechnology and novel applications of electronic noses for the detection of diverse diseases. Some reviews related to disease detection through breath analysis, odor monitoring systems standardization, and seawater quality monitoring are also included
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  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Advances in Chemical Vapor Deposition (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783039439232 , 9783039439249
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (94 p.)
    Keywords: Technology: general issues
    Abstract: Pursuing a scalable production methodology for materials and advancing it from the laboratory to industry is beneficial to novel daily-life applications. From this perspective, chemical vapor deposition (CVD) offers a compromise between efficiency, controllability, tunability and excellent run-to-run repeatability in the coverage of monolayers on substrates. Hence, CVD meets all of the requirements for industrialization in basically all areas, including polymer coatings, metals, water-filtration systems, solar cells and so on. The Special Issue “Advances in Chemical Vapor Deposition” is dedicated to providing an overview of the latest experimental findings and identifying the growth parameters and characteristics of perovskites, TiO2, Al2O3, VO2 and V2O5 with desired qualities for potentially useful devices
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  • 10
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Blockchain and Cryptocurrencies (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783039435333 , 9783039435340
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (158 p.)
    Keywords: Technology: general issues
    Abstract: Blockchain and cryptocurrencies have recently captured the interest of academics and those in industry. Cryptocurrencies are essentially digital currencies that use blockchain technology and cryptography to facilitate secure and anonymous transactions. The cryptocurrency market is currently worth over $500 billion. Many institutions and countries are starting to understand and implement the idea of cryptocurrencies in their business models. This Special Issue will provide a collection of papers from leading experts in the area of blockchain and cryptocurrencies. The topics covered in this Special Issue will include but are not limited to the following: academic research on blockchain and cryptocurrencies; industrial applications of blockchain and cryptocurrencies; applications of fintech in academia and industry; the economics of blockchain technology, and the financial analysis and risk management with cryptocurrencies
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  • 11
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    Tourism, Smart Specialization and Sustainable Development (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783039436712 , 9783039436729
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (202 p.)
    Keywords: Technology: general issues
    Abstract: This Special Issue addresses relations between tourism activities, smart specialization strategies, and sustainable development at different territorial levels, including the local, regional, national, and international. Framed by appropriate conceptual frameworks to define the contemporary dynamics of innovation in tourism, case studies supported by advanced quantitative methods and developed in rural and urban areas of Asia, Europe, and Africa are presented and discussed. The concept of smart specialization inspires the formulation of regional innovation policies and strategies, emphasizing the importance of endogenous resources and existing territorial capabilities. By exploring the diversity and variety of each economy to develop inter-sectoral relations, this approach aims at promoting the creation of spillover effects of innovation processes supported by adequate key enabling technologies, potentially leading to the sustainable development of places, regions, and countries. As an activity that mobilizes contributions from different economic sectors, tourism may play a central role in such strategies. As described and discussed in this Special Issue, aspects related to the creative sectors of economies, information and communication technologies, traditional products and lifestyles, food production, or diverse cultural values can be mobilized to generate innovative and sustainable solutions for tourism development
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  • 12
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Chemical and Technological Characterization of Dairy Products (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036502182 , 9783036502199
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (216 p.)
    Keywords: Technology: general issues
    Abstract: Milk processing is one of the most ancient food technologies, dating back to around 6000 B.C. A huge number of milk products have been developed worldwide, representing a spectacular example of biodiversity and a priceless cultural heritage. After millennia of unanimous appreciation as a pillar of human nutrition, a series of questions about the desirability of their wide consumption have been raised. In the light of the growing threat deriving mostly from the spread of veganism and health consciousness, improving milk prcoessing safety and dairy nutritional characteristics, as well as deepening their functional characteristics, are of a primary exigency. This Special Issue contains several articles focusing on this hot topic, all of which add knowledge to the field and supply interesting ideas for developing new products and processes
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  • 13
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Biomass for Energy Application (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036502687 , 9783036502694
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (246 p.)
    Keywords: Technology: general issues
    Abstract: This book focuses on the utilization of biomass for energy applications and mainly covers the original research and studies related to thermochemical conversion, biological conversion and physical conversion. It contains a summary the current scientific knowledge in the field of biomass utilization, which is the first of its kind in the literature. Energy potentials and different principles of energy transformation from various renewable energy sources (bamboo, wood residue, straw, sorrel, hay, pines, sunflower stalks, hazelnut husks, quinoa, camelina, crambe, safflower, muscantus and municipal sewage sludge, among others) are described in detail in this book. Different types of pyrolysis or torrefaction processing, combustion, thermal degradation, mechanical properties affecting processing, pre-treatment or treatment processes, or other processes based on thermochemical methods are described as well. The integral part of this book is the bibliometric analysis of worldwide publication trends on biomass and bioenergy with respect to the research evolution with the possibility of predicting future scenarios and the participation of stakeholders in the sector
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  • 14
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    WP3 – Innovation in Agriculture and Forestry Sector for Energetic Sustainability (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036502267 , 9783036502274
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (272 p.)
    Keywords: Technology: general issues
    Abstract: The papers published in this Special Issue “WP3—Innovation in Agriculture and Forestry Sector for Energetic Sustainability” bring together some of the latest research results in the field of biomass valorization and the process of energy production and climate change and other areas relevant to energetic sustainability [1–20]. Moreover, several works address the very important topic of evaluating the safety aspects for energy plant use [21–24]. Responses to our call generated the following statistics:• Submissions (21);• Publications (15);• Rejections (6);• Article types: research articles (13), reviews (2). Of the submitted papers, 15 have been successfully published as articles. Reviewing and selecting the papers for this Special Issue was very inspiring and rewarding. We also thank the editorial staff and reviewers for their efforts and help during the process. For better comprehension, the contributions to this Special Issue are divided into sections, as follows
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  • 15
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    Entrepreneurship and Intrapreneurship in Social, Sustainable, and Economic Development (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783039437597 , 9783039437603
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (304 p.)
    Keywords: Technology: general issues
    Abstract: Entrepreneurship and intrapreneurship have become a vehicle that offers solutions for social, environmental, and economic problems. Even though the level of entrepreneurial activity and its diversity have been motivated through public policies, social support has also played an important role in encouraging people to think of entrepreneurship as a desirable career choice. This book brings together analyses of those elements required for entrepreneurial and intrapreneurial intention and action, which ultimately become important leverages of development. Chapters highlight the importance of rural, urban, university, organizational, and family environments for a bunch of intentions and behaviors such as green, sport, social, corporate, innovative, traditional, and gender entrepreneurship. This entrepreneurial diversity is translated into higher development through the empowerment of women, environmental consciousness, and efficient production. Policymakers, scholars, and practitioners can find different examples and cases useful for decision-making, learning, and practice in this book
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  • 16
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Microgrids : The Path to Sustainability (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036506623 , 9783036506630
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (280 p.)
    Keywords: Technology: general issues
    Abstract: Microgrids are a growing segment of the energy industry, representing a paradigm shift from centralized structures toward more localized, autonomous, dynamic, and bi-directional energy networks, especially in cities and communities. The ability to isolate from the larger grid makes microgrids resilient, while their capability of forming scalable energy clusters permits the delivery of services that make the grid more sustainable and competitive. Through an optimal design and management process, microgrids could also provide efficient, low-cost, clean energy and help to improve the operation and stability of regional energy systems. This book covers these promising and dynamic areas of research and development and gathers contributions on different aspects of microgrids in an aim to impart higher degrees of sustainability and resilience to energy systems
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  • 17
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    Current Research in Thin Film Deposition : Applications, Theory, Processing, and Characterisation (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036505121 , 9783036505138
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (154 p.)
    Keywords: Technology: general issues
    Abstract: Today, thin films are near-ubiquitous and are utilised in a very wide range of industrially and scientifically important areas. These include familiar everyday instances such as anti-reflective coatings on ophthalmic lenses, smartphone optics, photovoltaics, decorative, and tool coatings. A range of somewhat more exotic applications also exists, such as astronomical instrumentation (e.g., ultra-low loss dielectric mirrors and beam splitters in gravitational wave detectors, such as laser interferometer gravitational-wave observatory (LIGO)), gas sensing, medical devices and implants, and accelerator coatings (e.g., coatings for the large hadron collider (LHC), and compact linear collider (CLIC) experiments at European organization for nuclear research (CERN)). This Special Issue will provide a platform for researchers working in any area within this highly diverse field to share and exchange their latest research findings. The Special Issue contains novel studies encompassing material characterisation techniques, a range of thin-film coating deposition processes and applications of such technology
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  • 18
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    Water Quality Engineering and Wastewater Treatment (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036510224 , 9783036510231
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (318 p.)
    Keywords: Technology: general issues
    Abstract: Clean water is one of the most important natural resources on earth. Wastewater, which is spent water, is also a valuable natural resource. However, wastewater may contain many contaminants and cannot be released back into the environment until the contaminants are removed. Untreated wastewater and inadequately treated wastewater may have a detrimental effect on the environment and has a harmful effect on human health. Water quality engineering addresses the sources, transport and treatment of chemical and microbiological contaminants that affect water. Objectives for the treatment of wastewater are that the treated wastewater can meet national effluent standards for the protection of the environment and the protection of public health. This book, which is based on the Special Issue, includes contributions on advanced technologies applied to the treatment of municipal and industrial wastewater and sludge. The book deals with recent advances in municipal wastewater, industrial wastewater, and sludge treatment technologies, health effects of municipal wastewater, risk management, energy efficient wastewater treatment, water sustainability, water reuse and resource recovery
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  • 19
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    Lightning Modeling and Its Effects on Electric Infrastructures (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036526263 , 9783036526270
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (122 p.)
    Keywords: Technology: general issues
    Abstract: When it comes to dealing with high voltages or issues of high electric currents, infrastructure security and people’s safety are of paramount importance. These kinds of phenomena have dangerous consequences, therefore studies concerning the effects of lightning are crucial. The normal operation of transmission and distribution systems is greatly affected by lightning, which is one of the major causes of power interruptions: direct or nearby indirect strikes can cause flashovers in overhead transmission and distribution lines, resulting in over voltages on the line conductors. Contributions to this Special Issue have mainly focused on modelling lightning activity, investigating physical causes, and discussing and testing mathematical models for the electromagnetic fields associated with lighting phenomena. In this framework, two main topics have emerged: 1) the interaction between lightning phenomena and electrical infrastructures, such as wind turbines and overhead lines; and 2) the computation of lightning electromagnetic fields in the case of particular configuration, considering a negatively charged artificial thunderstorm or considering a complex terrain with arbitrary topography
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  • 20
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    Agents and Robots for Reliable Engineered Autonomy (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036518596 , 9783036518602
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (150 p.)
    Keywords: Technology: general issues
    Abstract: This book contains the contributions of the Special Issue entitled "Agents and Robots for Reliable Engineered Autonomy". The Special Issue was based on the successful first edition of the "Workshop on Agents and Robots for reliable Engineered Autonomy" (AREA 2020), co-located with the 24th European Conference on Artificial Intelligence (ECAI 2020). The aim was to bring together researchers from autonomous agents, as well as software engineering and robotics communities, as combining knowledge from these three research areas may lead to innovative approaches that solve complex problems related to the verification and validation of autonomous robotic systems
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  • 21
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    Advances and Challenges in Organic Electronics (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036502823 , 9783036502830
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (134 p.)
    Keywords: Technology: general issues
    Abstract: Organic Electronics is a rapidly evolving multidisciplinary research field at the interface between Organic Chemistry and Physics. Organic Electronics is based on the use of the unique optical and electrical properties of π-conjugated materials that range from small molecules to polymers. The wide activity of researchers in Organic Electronics is testament to the fact that its potential is huge and its list of potential applications almost endless. Application of these electronic and optoelectronic devices range from Organic Field Effect Transistors (OFETs) to Organic Light Emitting Diodes (OLEDs) and Organic Solar Cells (OSCs), sensors, etc. We invited a series of colleagues to contribute to this Special Issue with respect to the aforementioned concepts and keywords. The goal for this Special Issue was to describe the recent developments of this rapidly advancing interdisciplinary research field. We thank all authors for their contributions
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  • 22
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    Nanoscale Self-Assembly: Nanopatterning and Metrology (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036519616 , 9783036519609
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (124 p.)
    Keywords: Technology: general issues
    Abstract: The self-assembly process underlies a plethora of natural phenomena from the macro to the nano scale. Often, technological development has found great inspiration in the natural world, as evidenced by numerous fabrication techniques based on self-assembly (SA). One striking example is given by epitaxial growths, in which atoms represent the building blocks. In lithography, the use of self-assembling materials is considered an extremely promising patterning option to overcome the size scale limitations imposed by the conventional photolithographic methods. To this purpose, in the last two decades several supramolecular self-assembling materials have been investigated and successfully applied to create patterns at a nanometric scale. Although considerable progress has been made so far in the control of self-assembly processes applied to nanolithography, a number of unresolved problems related to the reproducibility and metrology of the self-assembled features are still open. Addressing these issues is mandatory in order to allow the widespread diffusion of SA materials for applications such as microelectronics, photonics, or biology. In this context, the aim of the present Special Issue is to gather original research papers and comprehensive reviews covering various aspects of the self-assembly processes applied to nanopatterning. Topics include the development of novel SA methods, the realization of nanometric structures and devices, and the improvement of their long-range order. Moreover, metrology issues related to the nanoscale characterization of self-assembled structures are addressed
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  • 23
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    Catalytic Conversion of Energy Resources into High Value-Added Products (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
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    ISBN: 9783036510743 , 9783036510750
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (134 p.)
    Keywords: Technology: general issues
    Abstract: Developing active, selective and energy-efficient heterogeneous catalysts is of paramount importance for the production of high value-added products from energy resources in a more sustainable manner. In this Special Issue of Energies, we provide a showcase of the latest progress in the development of cleaner, more efficient processes for the conversion of these feedstocks into valuable fuels, chemicals and energy. Most of the works collected are focused on the conversion of biomass which clearly reflects the paramount importance that the biorefinery concept will play in the years to come
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  • 24
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    Design, Fabrication and Performance of Wind Turbines 2020 (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
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    ISBN: 9783036503141 , 9783036503158
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (120 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general ; Technology: general issues
    Abstract: From small-scale vertical axis wind turbines for urban usage to large-scale horizontal axis wind turbines for offshore wind farms, design, fabrication, and optimization technologies are highly required to manage wind energy effectively. Moreover, some new opportunities, such as in wind farm design, fluid–structure interaction, aero-acoustics, fabrication methods and performance tests by experimental and computational fluid dynamics should be engaged in modern wind turbine communities. The basic objectives of this book include improving the reliability and promoting the high efficiency of wind turbines as well as their dynamic performance, reducing wind turbine-generated noise and improving power generation efficiencies through high-fidelity approaches. Students, scholars, and engineers who manage such a wide range of wind turbine scales and usages, design, fabrication, and performance test protocols for various wind turbines, are highly recommended to read this book
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    Newborn Screening for Pompe Disease (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036505800 , 9783036505817
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (146 p.)
    Keywords: Technology: general issues
    Abstract: Pompe disease, also known as acid maltase deficiency or acid alpha-glucosidase deficiency, in its most severe form results in a rapidly progressive, neonatal-onset skeletal and cardiomyopathy, leading to early infantile death without treatment. The development of treatment with recombinant enzyme replacement therapy radically transformed the clinical trajectory of those affected, enabling long-term ventilator-free survival with resolution of cardiomyopathy. These positive clinical outcomes resulted in the implementation of newborn screening programs for Pompe disease across the world. This Special Issue highlights some of the experiences of Pompe screening programs worldwide and discusses public policy and ethical issues elicited by presymptomatic screening for Pompe disease
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    Fracture Mechanics and Fatigue Design in Metallic Materials (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036527307 , 9783036527314
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (180 p.)
    Keywords: Technology: general issues
    Abstract: The accumulation of damage and the development of fatigue cracks under the influence of loads is a common phenomenon that occurs in metals. To slow down crack growth and ensure an adequate level of safety and the optimal durability of structural elements, experimental tests and simulations are required to determine the influence of various factors. Such factors include, among others, the impact of microstructures, voids, notches, the environment, etc. Research carried out in this field and the results obtained are necessary to guide development toward the receipt of new and advanced materials that meet the requirements of the designers. This Special Issue aims to provide the data, models and tools necessary to provide structural integrity and perform lifetime prediction based on the stress (strain) state and, finally, the increase in fatigue cracks in the material
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    Symmetries in Quantum Mechanics and Statistical Physics (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036524795 , 9783036524788
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (146 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general ; Technology: general issues
    Abstract: This book collects contributions to the Special Issue entitled "Symmetries in Quantum Mechanics and Statistical Physics" of the journal Symmetry. These contributions focus on recent advancements in the study of PT–invariance of non-Hermitian Hamiltonians, the supersymmetric quantum mechanics of relativistic and non-relativisitc systems, duality transformations for power–law potentials and conformal transformations. New aspects on the spreading of wave packets are also discussed
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    Energy for Sustainable Future (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036526140 , 9783036526157
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (230 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general ; Technology: general issues
    Abstract: Energy and the environment are irrevocably interrelated, and they are critical factors that influence the development of societies. The pollution of the environment without considering various consequences has become one of the most important global issues today. This environmental pollution is mainly the result of increases in economic activities, population, transportation, electricity generation, agriculture, forestry, and land use. The exigency of energy for these activities, the rapidly rising price of petroleum oil, the harmful effect of greenhouse gases, and the quest for energy security have steered our attention towards sustainable sources of energy. It is fundamental to find innovative solutions that are sustainable from the perspective of energy management and environmental protection. This book includes three review articles which review the state-of-the-art of different sustainable energy resources. These articles include ammonia as a renewable energy carrier, integration of solar photovoltaic, and bio-oil from waste tires for automotive engine application. In addition, eight research studies reveal new knowledge about energy for a sustainable future. The topics covered span many diverse areas associated with sustainable energy, including various biofuels, photovoltaic, and other aspects of sustainability. These complementary contributions provide a substantial body of knowledge in the field of Renewable and Sustainable Energy
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    Leaching of Rare Earth Elements from Various Sources (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036525662 , 9783036525679
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (200 p.)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Leaching of rare earth elements from various sources
    RVK:
    VH 8045.0
    Keywords: Technology: general issues
    Abstract: The proposed book is a compilation of a Special Issue on “Leaching of Rare Earth Elements from Various Sources”, published in the journal Minerals in 2020. There are 10 papers contributed by experts in the area, and these can be grouped into four categories: leaching from low-grade ores including coal, clay, soil, and red mud; pre-treatment and leaching; recycling; and precipitation and nano-hydrometallurgy. Although these articles are available in the journal Minerals, it is convenient to compile the most valuable information into a book form so that scholars and industrial practitioners can have easy access to it when they need it where the Internet is not easily available. I strongly believe that the book on a very specialized topic matter such as modern extraction technologies of rare earth elements will contribute greatly to the fast-growing industry that needs rare earth elements
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    INTER-ENG 2020 (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036507163 , 9783036507170
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (688 p.)
    Keywords: Technology: general issues
    Abstract: These proceedings contain research papers that were accepted for presentation at the 14th International Conference Inter-Eng 2020 ,Interdisciplinarity in Engineering, which was held on 8–9 October 2020, in Târgu Mureș, Romania. It is a leading international professional and scientific forum for engineers and scientists to present research works, contributions, and recent developments, as well as current practices in engineering, which is falling into a tradition of important scientific events occurring at Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology in the George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy Science, and Technology of Târgu Mures, Romania. The Inter-Eng conference started from the observation that in the 21st century, the era of high technology, without new approaches in research, we cannot speak of a harmonious society. The theme of the conference, proposing a new approach related to Industry 4.0, was the development of a new generation of smart factories based on the manufacturing and assembly process digitalization, related to advanced manufacturing technology, lean manufacturing, sustainable manufacturing, additive manufacturing, and manufacturing tools and equipment. The conference slogan was “Europe’s future is digital: a broad vision of the Industry 4.0 concept beyond direct manufacturing in the company”
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    Sensors for Vital Signs Monitoring (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036517667 , 9783036517650
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (141 p.)
    Keywords: Technology: general issues ; Energy industries & utilities
    Abstract: Sensor technology for monitoring vital signs is an important topic for various service applications, such as entertainment and personalization platforms and Internet of Things (IoT) systems, as well as traditional medical purposes, such as disease indication judgments and predictions. Vital signs for monitoring include respiration and heart rates, body temperature, blood pressure, oxygen saturation, electrocardiogram, blood glucose concentration, brain waves, etc. Gait and walking length can also be regarded as vital signs because they can indirectly indicate human activity and status. Sensing technologies include contact sensors such as electrocardiogram (ECG), electroencephalogram (EEG), photoplethysmogram (PPG), non-contact sensors such as ballistocardiography (BCG), and invasive/non-invasive sensors for diagnoses of variations in blood characteristics or body fluids. Radar, vision, and infrared sensors can also be useful technologies for detecting vital signs from the movement of humans or organs. Signal processing, extraction, and analysis techniques are important in industrial applications along with hardware implementation techniques. Battery management and wireless power transmission technologies, the design and optimization of low-power circuits, and systems for continuous monitoring and data collection/transmission should also be considered with sensor technologies. In addition, machine-learning-based diagnostic technology can be used for extracting meaningful information from continuous monitoring data
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    Photoactive Materials: Synthesis, Applications and Technology (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036509587 , 9783036509594
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (178 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general ; Technology: general issues
    Abstract: This book presents a collection of 13 original research articles that focus on the science of light–matter interaction. This area of science has been led to some the greatest accomplishments of the past 100 years, with the discovery of materials that perform useful operations by collecting light or generating light from an outside stimulus. These materials are at the center of a multitude of technologies that have permeated our daily life; every day we rely on quantum well lasers for telecommunication, organic light emitting diodes for our displays, complementary metal–oxide–semiconductors for our camera detectors, and of course a plethora of new photovoltaic cells that harvest sunlight to satisfy our energy needs. In this book, top-rated researchers present their latest findings in the field of nano-particles, plasmonics, semi-conductors, magneto-optics, and holography
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    Molecular Electronics (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
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    ISBN: 9783036516257 , 9783036516264
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (138 p.)
    Keywords: Technology: general issues
    Abstract: This is a Special Issue on Molecular Electronics which provides an overview of the field and will be useful for both theoreticians and experimentalists. Topics include protein-based electronics, field-induced trans-to-cis isomerisation, phonon thermal conductance, spin-dependent transport, attenuation factors, HOMO-LUMO gap corrections and nanofabrication techniques
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    Photovoltaic and Wind Energy Conversion Systems (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036508443 , 9783036508450
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (174 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general ; Technology: general issues
    Abstract: In the first decades of the current millennium, the contribution of photovoltaic and wind energy systems to power generation capacity has grown extraordinarily all around the world; in some countries, these systems have become two of the most relevant sources to meet the needs of energy supply. This Special Issue deals with all aspects of the development, implementation, and exploitation of systems and installations that operate with both sources of energy
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    Battery Management Systems of Electric and Hybrid Electric Vehicles (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036510606 , 9783036510613
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (146 p.)
    Keywords: Technology: general issues
    Abstract: The topics of interest in this book include significant challenges in the BMS design of EV/HEV. The equivalent models developed for several types of integrated Li-ion batteries consider the environmental temperature and ageing effects. Different current profiles for testing the robustness of the Kalman filter type estimators of the battery state of charge are used in this book. Additionally, the BMS can integrate a real-time model-based sensor Fault Detection and Isolation (FDI) scheme for a Li-ion cell undergoing degradation, which uses the recursive least squares (RLS) method to estimate the equivalent circuit model (ECM) parameters. This book will fully meet the demands of a large community of readers and specialists working in the field due to its attractiveness and scientific content with a great openness to the side of practical applicability. This covers various interesting aspects, especially related to the characterization of commercial batteries, diagnosis and optimization of their performance, experimental testing and statistical analysis, thermal modelling, and implementation of the most suitable Kalman filter type estimators of high accuracy to estimate the state of charge
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    Smart Sensor Technologies for IoT (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036524627 , 9783036524634
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (270 p.)
    Keywords: Technology: general issues
    Abstract: The recent development in wireless networks and devices has led to novel services that will utilize wireless communication on a new level. Much effort and resources have been dedicated to establishing new communication networks that will support machine-to-machine communication and the Internet of Things (IoT). In these systems, various smart and sensory devices are deployed and connected, enabling large amounts of data to be streamed. Smart services represent new trends in mobile services, i.e., a completely new spectrum of context-aware, personalized, and intelligent services and applications. A variety of existing services utilize information about the position of the user or mobile device. The position of mobile devices is often achieved using the Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) chips that are integrated into all modern mobile devices (smartphones). However, GNSS is not always a reliable source of position estimates due to multipath propagation and signal blockage. Moreover, integrating GNSS chips into all devices might have a negative impact on the battery life of future IoT applications. Therefore, alternative solutions to position estimation should be investigated and implemented in IoT applications. This Special Issue, “Smart Sensor Technologies for IoT” aims to report on some of the recent research efforts on this increasingly important topic. The twelve accepted papers in this issue cover various aspects of Smart Sensor Technologies for IoT
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    Electric Systems for Transportation (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036504889 , 9783036504896
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (690 p.)
    Keywords: Technology: general issues
    Abstract: Transportation systems play a major role in the reduction of energy consumptions and environmental impact all over the world. The significant amount of energy of transport systems forces the adoption of new solutions to ensure their performance with energy-saving and reduced environmental impact. In this context, technologies and materials, devices and systems, design methods, and management techniques, related to the electrical power systems for transportation are continuously improving thanks to research activities. The main common challenge in all the applications concerns the adoption of innovative solutions that can improve existing transportation systems in terms of efficiency and sustainability
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    Advances in Antimicrobial Coatings (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036510064 , 9783036510071
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (166 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general ; Technology: general issues
    Abstract: This book is motivated by our passion to compile recent research on antimicrobial surfaces. We aimed to assemble research papers on the preparation of new materials, antimicrobial testing using different pathogens (bacteria, fungi, and viruses), and the relationship between the coating nanostructure and its reactivity towards the studied pathogen(s). We believe that a good antimicrobial coating should by characterized by (i) a fast activity towards the pathogen, (ii) sustainable activity based on the stability of the coating, and (iii) the lowest possible toxicity for humans and reduced risks for the environment. Striking a compromise between these different challenges is difficult and requires more research
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    Applications of Internet of Things (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036511924 , 9783036511931
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (162 p.)
    Keywords: Technology: general issues
    Abstract: This book introduces the Special Issue entitled “Applications of Internet of Things”, of ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information. Topics covered in this issue include three main parts: (I) intelligent transportation systems (ITSs), (II) location-based services (LBSs), and (III) sensing techniques and applications. Three papers on ITSs are as follows: (1) “Vehicle positioning and speed estimation based on cellular network signals for urban roads,” by Lai and Kuo; (2) “A method for traffic congestion clustering judgment based on grey relational analysis,” by Zhang et al.; and (3) “Smartphone-based pedestrian’s avoidance behavior recognition towards opportunistic road anomaly detection,” by Ishikawa and Fujinami. Three papers on LBSs are as follows: (1) “A high-efficiency method of mobile positioning based on commercial vehicle operation data,” by Chen et al.; (2) “Efficient location privacy-preserving k-anonymity method based on the credible chain,” by Wang et al.; and (3) “Proximity-based asynchronous messaging platform for location-based Internet of things service,” by Gon Jo et al. Two papers on sensing techniques and applications are as follows: (1) “Detection of electronic anklet wearers’ groupings throughout telematics monitoring,” by Machado et al.; and (2) “Camera coverage estimation based on multistage grid subdivision,” by Wang et al
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    The Science and Technology of 3D Printing (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036525853 , 9783036525846
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (206 p.)
    Keywords: Technology: general issues
    Abstract: Three-dimensional printing, or additive manufacturing, is an emerging manufacturing process. Research and development are being performed worldwide to provide a better understanding of the science and technology of 3D printing to make high-quality parts in a cost-effective and time-efficient manner. This book includes contemporary, unique, and impactful research on 3D printing from leading organizations worldwide
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  • 41
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    Biochemical and Thermochemical Conversion Processes of Lignicellulosic Biomass Fractionated Streams (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036519425 , 9783036519432
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (244 p.)
    Keywords: Technology: general issues
    Abstract: Moving towards a sustainable and green economy requires the use of renewable resources for the production of fuels, chemicals, and materials. In such a scenario, the use of lignocellulosic biomass and waste streams plays an important role, as it consists of abundant renewable resources. The complex nature of lignocellulosic biomass dictates the use of a pretreatment process prior to any further processing. Traditional methods of biomass pretreatment fail to recover cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin in clean streams. It has been recognized that the efficient use of all the main fractions of lignocellulosic biomass (cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin) is an important step towards a financially sustainable biomass biorefinery. In this context, switching from biomass pretreatment to biomass fractionation can offer a sustainable solution to recover relatively clean streams of cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin. This Special issue aims at exploring the most advanced solutions in biomass and waste pretreatment and fractionation techniques, together with novel (thermo)chemical and biochemical processes for the conversion of fractionated cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin to bioenergy, bio-based chemicals, and biomaterials, including the application of such products (i.e., use of biochar for filtration and metallurgical processes), as well as recent developments in kinetic, thermodynamic, and numeric modeling of conversion processes. The scope of this Special Issue will also cover progress in advanced measuring methods and techniques used in the characterization of biomass, waste, and products
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    Sustainable Construction Engineering and Management (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036526287 , 9783036526294
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (680 p.)
    Keywords: Technology: general issues
    Abstract: This Book is a Printed Edition of the Special Issue which covers sustainability as an emerging requirement in the fields of construction management, project management and engineering. We invited authors to submit their theoretical or experimental research articles that address the challenges and opportunities for sustainable construction in all its facets, including technical topics and specific operational or procedural solutions, as well as strategic approaches aimed at the project, company or industry level. Central to developments are smart technologies and sophisticated decision-making mechanisms that augment sustainable outcomes. The Special Issue was received with great interest by the research community and attracted a high number of submissions. The selection process sought to balance the inclusion of a broad representative spread of topics against research quality, with editors and reviewers settling on thirty-three articles for publication. The Editors invite all participating researchers and those interested in sustainable construction engineering and management to read the summary of the Special Issue and of course to access the full-text articles provided in the Book for deeper analyses
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    New Trends on the Combustion Processes in Spark Ignition Engines (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036514482 , 9783036514475
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (191 p.)
    Keywords: Technology: general issues
    Abstract: This Special Issue on "New Trends on the Combustion Processes in Spark Ignition Engines" contains nine papers on new developments on Internal Combustion (IC) engines aiming to enhance their efficiency, leading to the reduction of fossil CO2 and other gaseous pollutants. It is divided into two parts. In the initial part, the focus in on fuels, with four papers discussing the use of biofuels and other alternative fuels that can be used in different types of IC Engines. Additionally, conventional fuels are tested in order to evaluate their optimal use in new downsizing high-boost engines. A revision paper on alternative fuels is also included. The second part involves the study and improvement of engine combustion diagnostics as well as the presentation of an alternative type of propulsion system
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    Membranes for Water and Wastewater Treatment (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036519890 , 9783036519883
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (376 p.)
    Keywords: Technology: general issues
    Abstract: Water is a vital element for life and the environment. Water pollution has been documented as a contributor to a wide range of health problems. In recent years, the water quality levels have suffered great deterioration because of rapid social and economic development and because it is used to “dump” a wide range of pollutants.This book entitled “Membranes for Water and Wastewater Treatment” contains featured research papers dealing with recent developments and advances in all aspects related to membranes for water and wastewater treatment: membrane processes, combined processes (including one membrane step), modified membranes, new materials, and the possibility to reduce fouling and to improve the efficiency of enhanced processes. The papers compiled in this Special Issue can be read as a response to the current needs and challenges in membrane development for water and wastewater treatment.Half of the research articles correspond to concrete and practical applications of the use of membrane processes in different fields of the industry, with the aim of treating and conditioning water and wastewater. The studies reveal the treatment of industrial streams, mining, recycled paper industry, olive mill, urban wastewater, etc. Another important percentage of studies are related to membrane modification processes, with the aim of obtaining new materials with better performance in the separation processes, thus describing the use of membranes modified with chitosan, nanoparticles, and other organic compounds. This field also includes studies related to fouling and its modeling
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  • 45
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    Physical Vapor Deposited Biomedical Coatings (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036524146 , 9783036524153
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (174 p.)
    Keywords: Technology: general issues
    Abstract: The book outlines a series of developments made in the manufacturing of bio-functional layers via Physical Vapour-Deposited (PVD) technologies for application in various areas of healthcare. The scrutinized PVD methods include Radio-Frequency Magnetron Sputtering (RF-MS), Cathodic Arc Evaporation, Pulsed Electron Deposition and its variants, Pulsed Laser Deposition, and Matrix-Assisted Pulsed Laser Evaporation (MAPLE) due to their great promise, especially in dentistry and orthopaedics. These methods have yet to gain traction for industrialization and large-scale application in biomedicine. A new generation of implant coatings can be made available by the (1) incorporation of organic moieties (e.g., proteins, peptides, enzymes) into thin films using innovative methods such as combinatorial MAPLE, (2) direct coupling of therapeutic agents with bioactive glasses or ceramics within substituted or composite layers via RF-MS, or (3) innovation in high-energy deposition methods, such as arc evaporation or pulsed electron beam methods
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    Thermochemical Conversion Processes for Solid Fuels and Renewable Energies (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036510965 , 9783036510972
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (222 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general ; Technology: general issues
    Abstract: It is widely believed that a large proportion of greenhouse gas emissions originated anthropogenically from the use of fossil fuels with additional contributions coming from manufactured materials, deforestation, soil erosion, and agriculture (including livestock). The global society actively supports measures to create a flexible and low-carbon energy economy to attenuate climate change and its devastating environmental consequences. In this Special Issue, the recent advancements in the next-generation thermochemical conversion processes for solid fuels and renewable energies (e.g., the operational flexibility of co-combustion of biomass and lignite, integrated solar combined cycle power plants, and advanced gasification systems such as the sorption-enhanced gasification and the chemical looping gasification) were shown
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    Technology of Welding and Joining (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036508863 , 9783036508870
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (196 p.)
    Keywords: Technology: general issues
    Abstract: In this book, you will find information on new materials and new welding technologies. Problems related to the welding of difficult-to-weld materials are considered and solved. The latest welding technologies and processes are presented. This book provides an opportunity to learn about the latest trends and developments in the welding industry. Enjoy reading
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    Composite Materials in Design Processes (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036501529 , 9783036501536
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (192 p.)
    Keywords: Technology: general issues
    Abstract: The use of composite materials in the design process allows one to tailer a component’s mechanical properties, thus reducing its overall weight. On the one hand, the possible combinations of matrices, reinforcements, and technologies provides more options to the designer. On the other hand, it increases the fields that need to be investigated in order to obtain all the information requested for a safe design. This Applied Sciences Special Issue, “Composite Materials in Design Processes”, collects recent advances in the design methods for components made of composites and composite material properties at a laminate level or using a multi-scale approach
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    Advances in Hydrogen Energy (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036519357 , 9783036519340
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (239 p.)
    Keywords: Technology: general issues
    Abstract: This book, which is a reprint of articles published in the Special Issue "Advances in Hydrogen Energy" in Energies, seeks to contribute to disseminating the most recent advancements in the field of hydrogen energy. It does so by presenting scientific works from around the world covering both modeling and experimental analysis. The focus is placed on research covering all aspects of the hydrogen energy, from production to storage and final use, including the development of other easy to transport and versatile hydrogen-based energy carriers via the power-to-x (PtX) route, such as ammonia and methanol.Hydrogen energy research and development has attracted growing attention as one of the key solutions for clean future energy systems. In order to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, governments across the world are developing ambitious policies to support hydrogen technology, and an increasing level of funding has been allocated for projects of research, development, and demonstration of these technologies. At the same time, the private sector is capitalizing on the opportunity with larger investments in hydrogen technology solutions.While intense research activities have been dedicated to this field, several issues require further research prior to achieving full commercialization of hydrogen technology solutions. This book addresses some of these issues by presenting detailed models to optimize design strategies and operating conditions for the entire hydrogen value chain, covering production via electrolysis, storage and use in different types of fuel cells and in different forms of energy carriers
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    Mathematical Approaches to Modeling, Optimally Designing, and Controlling Electric Machine (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036526447 , 9783036526454
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (300 p.)
    Keywords: Technology: general issues
    Abstract: Optimal performance of the electric machine/drive system is mandatory to improve the energy consumption and reliability. To achieve this goal, mathematical models of the electric machine/drive system are necessary. Hence, this motivated the editors to instigate the Special Issue “Mathematical Approaches to Modeling, Optimally Designing, and Controlling Electric Machine”, aiming to collect novel publications that push the state-of-the art towards optimal performance for the electric machine/drive system. Seventeen papers have been published in this Special Issue. The published papers focus on several aspects of the electric machine/drive system with respect to the mathematical modelling. Novel optimization methods, control approaches, and comparative analysis for electric drive system based on various electric machines were discussed in the published papers
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    Materials Chemistry of Fullerenes, Graphenes, and Carbon Nanotubes (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036521886 , 9783036521879
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (146 p.)
    Keywords: Technology: general issues
    Abstract: This Special Issue is intended as a platform for interactive material science articles with an emphasis on the preparation, functionalization chemistry, and characterization of nanocarbon compounds, as well as all aspects of physical properties of functionalized, conjugated, or hybrid nanocarbon materials, and their associated applications. Some recent advances in the field are here collected, providing new ideas for discussion of researchers working in this multidisciplinary scenario
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    Advanced Process Monitoring for Industry 4.0 (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036520735 , 9783036520742
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (288 p.)
    Keywords: Technology: general issues
    Abstract: This book reports recent advances on Process Monitoring (PM) to cope with the many challenges raised by the new production systems, sensors and “extreme data” conditions that emerged with Industry 4.0. Concepts such as digital-twins and deep learning are brought to the PM arena, pushing forward the capabilities of existing methodologies to handle more complex scenarios. The evolution of classical paradigms such as Latent Variable modeling, Six Sigma and FMEA are also covered. Applications span a wide range of domains such as microelectronics, semiconductors, chemicals, materials, agriculture, as well as the monitoring of rotating equipment, combustion systems and membrane separation processes
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    Towards Green, Enhanced Photocatalysts for Hydrogen Evolution (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036517483 , 9783036517476
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (92 p.)
    Keywords: Technology: general issues
    Abstract: This book gathers selected research on the preparation, characterization and application of new organic/inorganic composites endowed with photo(electro)catalytic properties for the photocatalytic production of H2. In these pilot studies, the photoactive materials were tested under either UV-visible or, even more conveniently, under visible light for H2 evolution in “sacrificial water splitting” or “photoreforming” systems. In addition, a review article on the use of 2D materials and composites as potential photocatalysts for water splitting is included
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    High Efficient Buildings in Mediterranean Area : Challenges and Perspectives (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783039439553 , 9783039439560
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (234 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general ; Technology: general issues
    Abstract: The Building sector requires a conspicuous considerable amount of energy for services related to annual air-conditioning and the thermal comfort of indoor spaces. The design of highly efficient low-energy buildings is often a challenging task, especially in the mediterranean area, where the balanced requirement for heating and cooling energy does not usually permit a high level of envelope insulation in order to avoid summer overheating. This topical Special Issue of Energies is dedicated to “High Efficient Buildings in Mediterranean Area: Challenges and Perspectives” and collects studies related to the assessment and evaluation of systems and technologies for building energy management and control in the Mediterranean climate, with the aim of optimizing the building–plant system and reducing energy use. This collection of papers presents the latest research results related to the topic; these articles offer valuable insights into the energy simulation of highly efficient buildings, propose innovative envelope solutions, such as green roofs, Trombe walls, and PCM, and investigate the use of renewable sources such as photovoltaic systems. The topics also include the innovative use and control of Venetian blinds and fixed solar shades in order to reduce energy consumption and preserve visual comfort, as well as an interesting economic analysis based on the cost-optimal approach
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    Remote Sensing in Mangroves (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036508504 , 9783036508511
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (292 p.)
    Keywords: Technology: general issues
    Abstract: The book highlights recent advancements in the mapping and monitoring of mangrove forests using earth observation satellite data. New and historical satellite data and aerial photographs have been used to map the extent, change and bio-physical parameters, such as phenology and biomass. Research was conducted in different parts of the world. Knowledge and understanding gained from this book can be used for the sustainable management of mangrove forests of the world
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    Power Converter of Electric Machines, Renewable Energy Systems, and Transportation (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036511702 , 9783036511719
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (218 p.)
    Keywords: Technology: general issues ; Energy industries & utilities
    Abstract: Power converters and electric machines represent essential components in all fields of electrical engineering. In fact, we are heading towards a future where energy will be more and more electrical: electrical vehicles, electrical motors, renewables, storage systems are now widespread. The ongoing energy transition poses new challenges for interfacing and integrating different power systems. The constraints of space, weight, reliability, performance, and autonomy for the electric system have increased the attention of scientific research in order to find more and more appropriate technological solutions. In this context, power converters and electric machines assume a key role in enabling higher performance of electrical power conversion. Consequently, the design and control of power converters and electric machines shall be developed accordingly to the requirements of the specific application, thus leading to more specialized solutions, with the aim of enhancing the reliability, fault tolerance, and flexibility of the next generation power systems
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    Surface Engineering of C/N/O Functionalized Materials (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036527055 , 9783036527048
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (140 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general ; Technology: general issues
    Abstract: This book discusses the latest developments in the surface engineering of C/N/O functionalized materials, including both experimental and theoretical studies on heat treatment and surface engineering of metals, ceramics, and polymers
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    Numerical Simulation in Biomechanics and Biomedical Engineering (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036522111 , 9783036522128
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (300 p.)
    Keywords: Technology: general issues
    Abstract: In the first contribution ...
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    Industrial Energy Management and Sustainability (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036517469 , 9783036517452
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (118 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general ; Technology: general issues
    Abstract: Growing environmental concerns caused by increasing consumption of naturalresources and pollution need to be addressed. Manufacturing dictates the efficiencywith which resource inputs are transformed into economically valuableoutputs in the form of products and services. Consequently, it is also responsiblefor the resulting waste and pollution generated from this transformation process.As a matter of fact, about one-third of the global total energy consumption isassociated withmanufacturing activities; thus, achieving higher energy efficiencyin this sector has been the focus of research as well as of policy and industrialprogrammes in recent years. In particular, being able to effectively manageenergy and energy-related activities has proved to be a fundamental capabilityfor companies willing to improve their sustainability, as it constitutes the first,critical step to understanding their processes and to identifying and correctlyevaluating improvement opportunities.This Special Issue focuses on energy management and sustainability of bothmanufacturing processes and systems, including methods, practices, tools, applicationsand experiences
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    Trends in Sustainable Buildings and Infrastructure (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036509143 , 9783036509150
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (272 p.)
    Keywords: Technology: general issues
    Abstract: The recently established Sustainable Development Goals call for a paradigm shift in the way that buildings and infrastructures are conceived. The construction industry is a major source of environmental impacts, given its great material consumption and energy demands. It is also a major contributor to the economic growth of regions, through the provision of useful infrastructure and generation of employment, among other factors. Conventional approaches underlying current building design practices fall short of covering the relevant environmental and social implications derived from inappropriate design, construction, and planning. The development of adequate sustainable design strategies is therefore becoming extremely relevant regarding the achievement of the United Nations 2030 Agenda Goals for Sustainable Development. This book comprises 11 chapters that highlight the actual research trends in the construction sector, aiming to increase the knowledge on sustainable design practices by highlighting the actual practices that explore efficient ways to reduce the environmental consequences related to the construction industry, while promoting social wellbeing and economic development. The chapters collect papers included in the Special Issue “Trends in Sustainable Buildings and Infrastructure” of the International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
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    Challenges and New Trends in Power Electronic Devices Reliability (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036511771 , 9783036511764
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (207 p.)
    Keywords: Technology: general issues ; Energy industries & utilities
    Abstract: The rapid increase in new power electronic devices and converters for electric transportation and smart grid technologies requires a deepanalysis of their component performances, considering all of the different environmental scenarios, overload conditions, and high stressoperations. Therefore, evaluation of the reliability and availability of these devices becomes fundamental both from technical and economicalpoints of view. The rapid evolution of technologies and the high reliability level offered by these components have shown that estimating reliability through the traditional approaches is difficult, as historical failure data and/or past observed scenarios demonstrate. With the aim topropose new approaches for the evaluation of reliability, in this book, eleven innovative contributions are collected, all focusedon the reliability assessment of power electronic devices and related components
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    Natural Fiber Based Composites (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
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    ISBN: 9783036520025 , 9783036520032
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (350 p.)
    Keywords: Technology: general issues
    Abstract: Entitled “Natural Fiber-Based Composites”, this Special Issue has the objective to give an inventory of the latest research in the area of composites reinforced with natural fibers. Fibers of renewable origin have many advantages. They are abundant and cheap, they have a reduced impact on the environment, and they are also independent from fossil resources. Their ability to mechanically reinforce thermoplastic matrices is well known, as their natural heat insulation ability. In the last twenty years, the use of cellulosic and lignocellulosic agricultural by-products for composite applications has been of great interest, especially for reinforcing matrices. The matrices can themselves be of renewable origin (e.g., proteins, starch, polylactic acid, polyhydroxyalkanoates, polyamides, etc.), thus contributing to the development of 100% bio-based composites with a controlled end of life. This Special Issue’s objective is to give an inventory of the latest research in this area of composites reinforced with natural fibers, focusing in particular on the preparation and molding processes of such materials (e.g., extrusion, injection-molding, hot pressing, etc.) and their characterization. It contains one review and nineteen research reports authored by researchers from four continents and sixteen countries, namely, Brazil, China, France, Italy, Japan, Malaysia, Mexico, Pakistan, Poland, Qatar, Serbia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Tunisia, and Vietnam. It provides an update on current research in the field of natural fiber based composite materials. All these contributions will be a source of inspiration for the development of new composites, especially for producers of natural fibers, polymer matrices of renewable origin and composite materials. Generally speaking, these new materials are environmentally friendly and will undoubtedly find numerous applications in the years to come in many sectors. Dr. Philippe Evon Guest Editor
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    Transition Metal Catalyzed Cross-Coupling Reactions (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036525778 , 9783036525761
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (88 p.)
    Keywords: Technology: general issues
    Abstract: Transition metal-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions have proved to be powerful tools for carbon–carbon as well as carbon–heteroatom bond formation in the development of synthetic methodologies for applications ranging from pharmaceuticals to materials. This book, consisting of an editorial, two reviews and two articles, focuses on recent promising research and novel trends in the field of cross-coupling reactions, employing a range of different catalysts. A review by Kostas and Steele provides a survey of the research in the area of cross-coupling catalytic reactions with transition metal complexes based on the thiosemicarbazone unit and a discussion of the prospects for future developments. Another review by Polychronopoulou, Shaya and co-authors describes the progress made over the 21st century concerning the utilization of C(sp3)–organoboranes as partners in metal-catalyzed C(sp3)–C(sp2) cross-couplings, such as B-alkyl Suzuki–Miyaura reactions. The article by Waldvogel, Breinbauer and co-authors demonstrates for the first time the synthetic potential of combining the electro-oxidative dehydrogenative cross coupling of ortho-substituted phenols with Pd-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions. In the second article, Štĕpnička and co-workers describe the preparation of palladium catalysts deposited over silica gel-bearing composite amide-donor functional moieties on the surface, which were evaluated in the Sonogashira-type cross-coupling of acyl chlorides with terminal alkynes
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    Mathematical Modelling of Energy Systems and Fluid Machinery (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036505503 , 9783036505510
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (256 p.)
    Keywords: Technology: general issues
    Abstract: The ongoing digitalization of the energy sector, which will make a large amount of data available, should not be viewed as a passive ICT application for energy technology or a threat to thermodynamics and fluid dynamics, in the light of the competition triggered by data mining and machine learning techniques. These new technologies must be posed on solid bases for the representation of energy systems and fluid machinery. Therefore, mathematical modelling is still relevant and its importance cannot be underestimated. The aim of this Special Issue was to collect contributions about mathematical modelling of energy systems and fluid machinery in order to build and consolidate the base of this knowledge
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    Brittle Materials in Mechanical Extremes (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783039439270 , 9783039439287
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (178 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general ; Technology: general issues
    Abstract: The goal of the Special Issue “Brittle Materials in Mechanical Extremes” is to spark a discussion of the analogies and the differences between different brittle materials, such as ceramics and concrete. The contributions to the Issue span from construction materials (asphalt and concrete) to structural ceramics to ice. Data reported in the Issue were obtained by advanced microstructural techniques (microscopy, 3D imaging, etc.) and linked to mechanical properties (and their changes as a function of aging, composition, etc.). The description of the mechanical behavior of brittle materials under operational loads, for instance, concrete and ceramics under very high temperatures, offers an unconventional viewpoint on the behavior of such materials. While it is by no means exhaustive, this Special Issue paves the road for the fundamental understanding and further development of materials
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    Microgrid Energy Management (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036503882 , 9783036503899
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (144 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general ; Technology: general issues
    Abstract: In IEEE Standards, a Microgrid is defined as a group of interconnected loads and distributed energy resources with clearly defined electrical boundaries, which acts as a single controllable entity with respect to the grid and can connect and disconnect from the grid to enable it to operate in both grid-connected or island modes. This Special Issue focuses on innovative strategies for the management of the Microgrids and, in response to the call for papers, six high-quality papers were accepted for publication. Consistent with the instructions in the call for papers and with the feedback received from the reviewers, four papers dealt with different types of supervisory energy management systems of Microgrids (i.e., adaptive neuro-fuzzy wavelet-based controls, cost-efficient power-sharing techniques, and two-level hierarchical energy management systems); the proposed energy management systems are of quite general purpose and aim to reduce energy usages and monetary costs. In the last two papers, the authors concentrate their research efforts on the management of specific cases, i.e., Microgrids with electric vehicle charging stations and for all-electric ships
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    Bioinformatics Applications Based On Machine Learning (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036507606 , 9783036507613
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (206 p.)
    Keywords: Technology: general issues
    Abstract: The great advances in information technology (IT) have implications for many sectors, such as bioinformatics, and has considerably increased their possibilities. This book presents a collection of 11 original research papers, all of them related to the application of IT-related techniques within the bioinformatics sector: from new applications created from the adaptation and application of existing techniques to the creation of new methodologies to solve existing problems
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    Advances in Underground Energy Storage for Renewable Energy Sources (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036518800 , 9783036518794
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (183 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general ; Technology: general issues
    Abstract: Energy storage currently plays an important role in the electricity systems. Innovative energy storage solutions will play an important role in ensuring the integration of renewable energy sources into the electrical grids in the European Union. Pumped storage hydropower systems are the most mature technology of energy storage and account for over 90% of installed energy storage capacity wordwide. However, PSH technology is constrained by topography and land availability in flat areas. In addition, PSH plants are controversial due to their impacts on landscape, land use and the environment. Conversely, underground energy storage systems may be an interesting alternative to increase the energy storage capacity with low envoronmental impacts.To help address and resolve these types of questions, this book is comprised of eleven chapters that explore new ways of energy stororage reducing the environmental impacts caused by the installation of conventional energy storage systems, as well as to increase the energy storage capacity and promote the use of disused underground space, such as abandoned mines and quiarries.The chapters included in this book cover a wide spectrum of issues related to underground energy storage systems. Advances in underground pumped storage hydropower, compressed air energy storage and hydrogen energy storage systems are presented. Finally, we would like to thank both the MDPI publishing and editorial staff for their excellent work and support, as well as the authors who collaborated with your interesting research works
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    New Challenges Arising in Engineering Problems with Fractional and Integer Order (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036519685 , 9783036519692
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (182 p.)
    Keywords: Technology: general issues
    Abstract: Mathematical models have been frequently studied in recent decades, in order to obtain the deeper properties of real-world problems. In particular, if these problems, such as finance, soliton theory and health problems, as well as problems arising in applied science and so on, affect humans from all over the world, studying such problems is inevitable. In this sense, the first step in understanding such problems is the mathematical forms. This comes from modeling events observed in various fields of science, such as physics, chemistry, mechanics, electricity, biology, economy, mathematical applications, and control theory. Moreover, research done involving fractional ordinary or partial differential equations and other relevant topics relating to integer order have attracted the attention of experts from all over the world. Various methods have been presented and developed to solve such models numerically and analytically. Extracted results are generally in the form of numerical solutions, analytical solutions, approximate solutions and periodic properties. With the help of newly developed computational systems, experts have investigated and modeled such problems. Moreover, their graphical simulations have also been presented in the literature. Their graphical simulations, such as 2D, 3D and contour figures, have also been investigated to obtain more and deeper properties of the real world problem
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    Energy Efficiency and Indoor Environment Quality (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036525068 , 9783036525075
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (194 p.)
    Keywords: Technology: general issues
    Abstract: This Special Issue addresses a topic of great relevance. In developed countries, there is a higher prevalence of people choosing to spend time indoors. Data show that the time a person spends at home ranges from 60% to 90% of the day, and 30% of that time is spent sleeping, though this varies depending on the individual. Taking into account these data, indoor residential environments have a direct influence on human health. Furthermore, in developing countries, significant levels of indoor pollution make housing unsafe, impacting the health of its inhabitants. Housing is therefore a key health factor for people all over the world: various parameters such as air quality, ventilation, hygrothermal comfort, lighting, physical environment, and building efficiency can contribute to healthy architecture; poor application of these parameters can result in conditions that negatively impact health
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    Power Electronics Applications in Renewable Energy Systems (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783039287000 , 9783039287017
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (258 p.)
    Keywords: Technology: general issues
    Abstract: The renewable generation system is currently experiencing rapid growth in various power grids. The stability and dynamic response issues of power grids are receiving attention due to the increase in power electronics-based renewable energy. The main focus of this Special Issue is to provide solutions for power system planning and operation. Power electronics-based devices can offer new ancillary services to several industrial sectors. In order to fully include the capability of power conversion systems in the network integration of renewable generators, several studies should be carried out, including detailed studies of switching circuits, and comprehensive operating strategies for numerous devices, consisting of large-scale renewable generation clusters
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    Composite Electrolyte & Electrode Membranes for Electrochemical Energy Storage & Conversion Devices (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036507385 , 9783036507392
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (164 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general ; Technology: general issues
    Abstract: Electrochemical energy systems can successfully exploit beneficial characteristics of electrolyte and/or electrode membranes due to their intriguing peculiarities that make them well-established, standard components in devices such as fuel cells, electrolyzers, and flow batteries. Therefore, more and more researchers are attracted by these challenging yet important issues regarding the performance and behavior of the final device. This Special Issue of Membranes offers scientists and readers involved in these topics an appealing forum to bring and summarize the forthcoming Research & Development results, which stipulates that the composite electrolyte/electrode membranes should be tailored for lithium batteries and fuel cells. Various key aspects, such as synthesis/preparation of materials/components, investigation of the physicochemical and electrochemical properties, understanding of phenomena within the materials and electrolyte/electrode interface, and device manufacturing and performance, were presented and discussed using key research teams from internationally recognized experts in these fields
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    Food Legumes: Physicochemical and Nutritional Properties (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036511481 , 9783036511498
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (88 p.)
    Keywords: Technology: general issues
    Abstract: This new MDPI book should be of interest to a wide range of readers. Students of a variety of faculties, employees of the food industry, producers of functional food, farmers, and nutritionists will certainly be interested. The book provides new information on legumes, their nutritional value, the content of biologically active compounds, and changes in the activity of these compounds as a result of the application of various technological processes. The book will not only increase the knowledge of readers but also potentially motivate them to change their diets by including legumes on the menu. According to nutritionists' recommendations, such a change has a positive effect on health
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    New Advances on Nutrients Recovery from Agro-Industrial and Livestock Wastes for Sustainable Farming (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036525655 , 9783036525648
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (80 p.)
    Keywords: Technology: general issues
    Abstract: This book collects six papers published in the Agronomy Special Issue "New Advances on Nutrients Recovery from Agro-Industrial and Livestock Wastes for Sustainable Farming" that aim to furnish new information on nutrients recovery from organic wastes
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    Design and Control of Power Converters 2020 (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036507026 , 9783036507033
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (188 p.)
    Keywords: Technology: general issues
    Abstract: In this book, nine papers focusing on different fields of power electronics are gathered, all of which are in line with the present trends in research and industry. Given the generality of the Special Issue, the covered topics range from electrothermal models and losses models in semiconductors and magnetics to converters used in high-power applications. In this last case, the papers address specific problems such as the distortion due to zero-current detection or fault investigation using the fast Fourier transform, all being focused on analyzing the topologies of high-power high-density applications, such as the dual active bridge or the H-bridge multilevel inverter. All the papers provide enough insight in the analyzed issues to be used as the starting point of any research. Experimental or simulation results are presented to validate and help with the understanding of the proposed ideas. To summarize, this book will help the reader to solve specific problems in industrial equipment or to increase their knowledge in specific fields
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    Advanced Topics in Systems Safety and Security (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036516233 , 9783036516240
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (130 p.)
    Keywords: Technology: general issues
    Abstract: This book presents valuable research results in the challenging field of systems (cyber)security. It is a reprint of the Information (MDPI, Basel) - Special Issue (SI) on Advanced Topics in Systems Safety and Security. The competitive review process of MDPI journals guarantees the quality of the presented concepts and results. The SI comprises high-quality papers focused on cutting-edge research topics in cybersecurity of computer networks and industrial control systems. The contributions presented in this book are mainly the extended versions of selected papers presented at the 7th and the 8th editions of the International Workshop on Systems Safety and Security—IWSSS. These two editions took place in Romania in 2019 and respectively in 2020. In addition to the selected papers from IWSSS, the special issue includes other valuable and relevant contributions. The papers included in this reprint discuss various subjects ranging from cyberattack or criminal activities detection, evaluation of the attacker skills, modeling of the cyber-attacks, and mobile application security evaluation. Given this diversity of topics and the scientific level of papers, we consider this book a valuable reference for researchers in the security and safety of systems
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    Biotechnology for Sustainability and Social Well Being (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036506722 , 9783036506739
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (250 p.)
    Keywords: Technology: general issues
    Abstract: This book covers the latest development of bioprocess technology including theoretical, numerical, and experimental approaches in biotechnology as well as green technology that bridge conventional practices and Industry 4.0. Bioprocessing is one of the key factors in several emerging industries of biofuels, used in the production of biogas, bioethanol, and biodiesel; industrial enzymes; waste management through biotechnology; new vaccines; and many more. It is hoped that the novel bioprocess and green biotechnologies presented in this book are useful in assisting the global community in working towards fulfilling the Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) of the United Nations
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    Advances in Control of Power Electronic Converters (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036513928 , 9783036513911
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (129 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general ; Technology: general issues
    Abstract: This book proposes a list of contributions in the field of control of power electronics converters for different topologies: DC-DC, DC-AC and AC-DC. It particularly focuses on the use of different advanced control techniques with the aim of improving the performances, flexibility and efficiency in the context of several operation conditions. Sliding mode control, fuzzy logic based control, dead time compensation and optimal linear control are among the techniques developed in the special issue. Simulation and experimental results are provided by the authors to validate the proposed control strategies
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    Mechanical Alloying: Processing and Materials (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036521176 , 9783036521183
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (134 p.)
    Keywords: Technology: general issues
    Abstract: Mechanical alloying is a technique of producing alloys and compounds that permits the development of metastable materials (with amorphous or nanocrystalline microstructure) or the fabrication of solid solutions with extended solubility. The elements or compounds to be mixed (usually as powders) are introduced in jars usually under a controlled atmosphere. Regarding the scope of this book, advanced materials have been developed by mechanical alloying: Fe–X–B–Cu (X = Nb, NiZr) nanocrystalline alloys, mixtures of the binary Fe–Mn and Fe–Cr alloys with chromium and manganese nitrides, Mn–Al–Co and Mn–Fe alloys, non-equiatomic refractory high-entropy alloys, nanocrystalline Fe–Cr steels, nanaocrystalline Mn–Co–Fe–Ge–Si alloys, Al–Y2O3 nanocomposite, and hydride-forming alloys. Likewise, production conditions and ulterior treatments can provide readers interesting ideas about the procedure to produce alloys with specific microstructure and functional behavior (mechanical, magnetic, corrosion resistance, hydrogen storage, magnetocaloric effect, wastewater treatment, and so on). As an example, to obtain the improvement in the functional properties of the alloys and compounds, sometimes controlled annealing is needed (annealing provokes the relaxation of the mechanical-induced strain). Furthermore, the powders can be consolidated (press, spark plasma sintering,and microwave sintering) to obtain bulk materials
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    Coatings Imparting Multifunctional Properties to Materials (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
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    ISBN: 9783036524481 , 9783036524498
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (96 p.)
    Keywords: Technology: general issues
    Abstract: Coatings are traditionally used to protect materials from corrosion and erosion and improve the equipment’s performance. At present, there are coatings that provide materials with new properties, for example, biocidal, hydrophobic and self-cleaning properties. A promising area of materials science is the development of "smart" coatings that simultaneously give materials several new properties. The coating propertiess are determined by the coatings’ material, the structure and the properties of the substrate surface, and the methods of forming the coatings. This book contains the results of the latest research on the formation of coatings that impart complexes of new properties to various materials
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    Procedures and Methodologies for the Control and Improvement of Energy-Environmental Quality in Construction (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
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    ISBN: 9783036517803 , 9783036517797
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (304 p.)
    Keywords: Technology: general issues
    Abstract: This Special Issue aims at providing the state-of-the-art on procedures and methodologies developed to improve energy and environmental performance through building renovation. We are greatly thankful to our colleagues building physics experts, building technology researchers, and urban environment scholars who contributed to this Special Issue, for sharing their original works in the field
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    New Trends in Enhanced, Hybrid and Integrated Geothermal Systems (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036520230 , 9783036520247
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (166 p.)
    Keywords: Technology: general issues
    Abstract: Geothermal energy is a renewable, sustainable, and ecologically friendly resource of energy that can be captured with shallow or deep installations, or a combination of both—alone or integrated with other technologies. It can then be employed for a variety of purposes, for example, electricity generation, space heating and cooling, agriculture, and aquaculture. Given the nature/features of this green energy resource—such as being a local, climate-independent, potentially constant, robust, generally available, resilient, almost greenhouse gas-free, and long-lived energy source—geothermal solutions can and should make a more prominent contribution to the future global energy supply mix, in addition to helping lessen humanity’s environmental footprint and enabling it to attain its sustainable development goals. This Special Issue, “New Trends in Enhanced, Hybrid and Integrated Geothermal Systems”, addresses existing knowledge gaps and aids advance deployment of geothermal energy globally. It consists of eight peer-reviewed papers that cover a range of subjects and applications related to geothermal energy
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    Efficient Technology for the Pretreatment of Biomass II (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036517940 , 9783036517933
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (255 p.)
    Keywords: Technology: general issues
    Abstract: Biomass can be used as feedstock for the production of biomaterials, chemicals, platform molecules and biofuels. It is the most reliable alternative to reduce fossil fuel consumption and greenhouse gas emissions. Within the framework of the circular economy, resource recovery from organic waste, including sewage sludge, biowaste, manure and slaughterhouse waste, is particularly useful, as it helps saving resources while reducing environmental pollution. In contrast to energy crops, lignocellulosic biomass and algae do not compete for food production; therefore, they represent an important source of biomass for bioenergy and bioproducts. However, biomass may require a pretreatment step in order to enhance its conversion into valuable products in terms of process yield and/or productivity. Furthermore, a pretreatment step may be mandatory for waste management (i.e., animal by-products).Pretreatment technologies are applied upstream of various conversion processes of biomass into biofuels or biomaterials, including bioethanol, biohydrogen, biomethane, biomolecules or bioproducts. Pretreatments may include mechanical, thermal, chemical and biological techniques, which represent a crucial, cost-intensive step for the development of biorefineries. Thus, research is needed to help identify the most effective, economic, and environmentally friendly pretreatment options for each feedstock. This Special Issue aims to gather recent developments of biomass pretreatments for bioproduct and biofuel production
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    Engineering Proceedings The 7th International Conference on Time Series and Forecasting (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036517315 , 9783036517322
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (600 p.)
    Keywords: Technology: general issues
    Abstract: The ITISE 2021 (7th International conference on Time Series and Forecasting) seeks to provide a discussion forum for scientists, engineers, educators, and students about the latest ideas and realizations in the foundations, theory, models, and applications for interdisciplinary and multidisciplinary research encompassing disciplines of computer science, mathematics, statistics, forecaster, econometric, etc., in the field of time series analysis and forecasting
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    Sacred Sites, Rituals, and Performances : New Perspective for Religious Tourism Development (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036518671 , 9783036518688
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (164 p.)
    Keywords: Technology: general issues
    Abstract: The conceptual territory of religious tourism is fluid. While recreation and leisure-based motivation and behaviors are evident in religious tourism, this volume reiterates its rootedness in tenets from religious traditions and pilgrimages. Using fresh perspectives on place-stories, rituals, performances, that are central to pilgrimage and sacred sites, essays in this volume explain contemporary expressions of religious tourism and illustrate the dynamic nature of religious tourism as an ecosystem embedded in religious practices, rituals and performances. The explanations will benefit researchers and practioners alike and they can find numerous examples that show the significance of religious tourism for sustainable development of destinations
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    Stability and Seakeeping of Marine Vessels (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036509709 , 9783036509716
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (184 p.)
    Keywords: Technology: general issues
    Abstract: This book presents the papers accepted into the Special Issue “Stability and Seakeeping of Marine Vessels” and includes nine contributions to this Special Issue published in 2020. The overall aim of the collection is to improve knowledge about the most relevant and recent topics in ship stability and seakeeping. Specifically, the articles cover a wide range of topics and reflect the recent scientific efforts in the 2nd generation intact stability criteria evaluation and modelling of the ship dynamics assessment in intact or damaged conditions. These topics were investigated mainly through direct assessments performed both via numerical methods and tools, and experimental approaches. The book is addressed to individuals from universities, research organizations, industry, government agencies and certifying authorities, as well as designers, operators and owners who contribute to improved knowledge about “stability and seakeeping”
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    Comminution in the Minerals Industry (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036519081 , 9783036519098
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (214 p.)
    Keywords: Technology: general issues
    Abstract: Size reduction processes represent a significant part of the capital as well as the operating cost in ore processing. Advancing the understanding of and improving such processes is worthwhile since any measurable enhancement may lead to benefits, which may materialize as reductions in energy consumption or wear or improved performance in downstream processes. This book contains contributions dealing with various aspects of comminution, including those intended to improve our current level of understanding and quantification of particle breakage and ore characterization techniques that are relevant to size reduction, as well as studies involving modeling and simulation techniques. The affiliations of the authors of the articles published in this book span 14 countries around the globe, which attests to the highly international nature of research in this field. The themes of the manuscripts also vary widely, from several that are more focused on experimental studies to those that deal, in greater detail, with the development and application of modeling and simulation techniques in comminution. Size reduction technologies more directly addressed in the manuscripts include jaw crushing, vertical shaft impact crushing, SAG milling, stirred milling, planetary milling, and vertical roller milling. Ores involved directly in the investigations include those of copper, lead–zinc, gold, and iron as well as coal, talc, and quartz
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    Development of Unconventional Reservoirs 2020 (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036517537 , 9783036517544
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (748 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general ; Technology: general issues
    Abstract: The need for energy is increasing and at the same time production from the conventional reservoirs is declining quickly. This requires an economically and technically feasible source of energy for the coming years. Among some alternative future energy solutions the most approachable source is from unconventional reservoirs. As the name “unconventional” implies it requires different and challenging approach to characterize and to develop such a resource. This special issue covers some of the technical challenges for developing unconventional energy sources from shale gas/oil, tight gas sand, and coalbed methane
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    Freeze-Drying Technology in Foods (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036500683 , 9783036500690
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (98 p.)
    Keywords: Technology: general issues
    Abstract: This Special Issue provides an update on the most recent research and developments in the area of freeze-drying technology in foods. It presents a combination of experimental and modeling studies, offering an overview of oncoming challenges and opportunities on the topic
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    Recent Advances in Indoor Localization Systems and Technologies (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036514833 , 9783036514840
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (502 p.)
    Keywords: Technology: general issues
    Abstract: Despite the enormous technical progress seen in the past few years, the maturity of indoor localization technologies has not yet reached the level of GNSS solutions. The 23 selected papers in this book present the recent advances and new developments in indoor localization systems and technologies, propose novel or improved methods with increased performance, provide insight into various aspects of quality control, and also introduce some unorthodox positioning methods
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    Advances and Technologies in High Voltage Power Systems Operation, Control, Protection and Security (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036511405 , 9783036511412
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (207 p.)
    Keywords: Technology: general issues
    Abstract: The electrical demands in several countries around the world are increasing due to the huge energy requirements of prosperous economies and the human activities of modern life. In order to economically transfer electrical powers from the generation side to the demand side, these powers need to be transferred at high-voltage levels through suitable transmission systems and power substations. To this end, high-voltage transmission systems and power substations are in demand. Actually, they are at the heart of interconnected power systems, in which any faults might lead to unsuitable consequences, abnormal operation situations, security issues, and even power cuts and blackouts. In order to cope with the ever-increasing operation and control complexity and security in interconnected high-voltage power systems, new architectures, concepts, algorithms, and procedures are essential. This book aims to encourage researchers to address the technical issues and research gaps in high-voltage transmission systems and power substations in modern energy systems
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    Measurement Technologies for up- and Downstream Bioprocessing (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036511504 , 9783036511511
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (160 p.)
    Keywords: Technology: general issues
    Abstract: This book is devoted to new developments in measurement technologies for upstream and downstream bioprocessing. The recent advances in biotechnology and bioprocessing have generated a number of new biological products that require more qualified analytical technologies for diverse process analytical needs. These includes especially fast and sensitive measurement technology that, early in the process train, can inform on critical process parameters related to process economy and product quality and that can facilitate ambitions of designing efficient integrated end-to-end bioprocesses. This book covers these topics as well as analytical monitoring methods based either on real-time or in-line sensor technology, on simple and compact bioanalytical devices, or on the use of advanced data prediction methods
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    Numerical Modelling and Simulation of Metal Processing (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036510804 , 9783036510811
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (374 p.)
    Keywords: Technology: general issues
    Abstract: This book deals with metal processing and its numerical modelling and simulation. In total, 21 papers from different distinguished authors have been compiled in this area. Various processes are addressed, including solidification, TIG welding, additive manufacturing, hot and cold rolling, deep drawing, pipe deformation, and galvanizing. Material models are developed at different length scales from atomistic simulation to finite element analysis in order to describe the evolution and behavior of materials during thermal and thermomechanical treatment. Materials under consideration are carbon, Q&T, DP, and stainless steels; ductile iron; and aluminum, nickel-based, and titanium alloys. The developed models and simulations shall help to predict structure evolution, damage, and service behavior of advanced materials
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    Antennas and Propagation (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036518282 , 9783036518275
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (340 p.)
    Keywords: Technology: general issues ; Energy industries & utilities
    Abstract: This Special Issue gathers topics of utmost interest in the field of antennas and propagation, such as: new directions and challenges in antenna design and propagation; innovative antenna technologies for space applications; metamaterial, metasurface and other periodic structures; antennas for 5G; electromagnetic field measurements and remote sensing applications
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    Convergence of Intelligent Data Acquisition and Advanced Computing Systems (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036516561 , 9783036516554
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (189 p.)
    Keywords: Technology: general issues ; Energy industries & utilities
    Abstract: This book is a collection of published articles from the Sensors Special Issue on "Convergence of Intelligent Data Acquisition and Advanced Computing Systems". It includes extended versions of the conference contributions from the 10th IEEE International Conference on Intelligent Data Acquisition and Advanced Computing Systems: Technology and Applications (IDAACS’2019), Metz, France, as well as external contributions
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    Smart Urban Water Networks (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036509785 , 9783036509792
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (358 p.)
    Keywords: Technology: general issues
    Abstract: This book presents the paper form of the Special Issue (SI) on Smart Urban Water Networks. The number and topics of the papers in the SI confirm the growing interest of operators and researchers for the new paradigm of smart networks, as part of the more general smart city. The SI showed that digital information and communication technology (ICT), with the implementation of smart meters and other digital devices, can significantly improve the modelling and the management of urban water networks, contributing to a radical transformation of the traditional paradigm of water utilities. The paper collection in this SI includes different crucial topics such as the reliability, resilience, and performance of water networks, innovative demand management, and the novel challenge of real-time control and operation, along with their implications for cyber-security. The SI collected fourteen papers that provide a wide perspective of solutions, trends, and challenges in the contest of smart urban water networks. Some solutions have already been implemented in pilot sites (i.e., for water network partitioning, cyber-security, and water demand disaggregation and forecasting), while further investigations are required for other methods, e.g., the data-driven approaches for real time control. In all cases, a new deal between academia, industry, and governments must be embraced to start the new era of smart urban water systems
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    Ultrasound for Material Characterization and Processing (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036517100 , 9783036517094
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (187 p.)
    Keywords: Technology: general issues
    Abstract: Ultrasonic waves are nowadays used for multiple purposes including both low-intensity/high frequency and high-intensity/low-frequency ultrasound. Low-intensity ultrasound transmits energy through the medium in order to obtain information about the medium or to convey information through the medium. It is successfully used in non-destructive inspection, ultrasonic dynamic analysis, ultrasonic rheology, ultrasonic spectroscopy of materials, process monitoring, applications in civil engineering, aerospace and geological materials and structures, and in the characterization of biological media. Nowadays, it is an essential tool for assessing metals, plastics, aerospace composites, wood, concrete, and cement. High-intensity ultrasound deliberately affects the propagation medium through the high local temperatures and pressures generated. It is used in industrial processes such as welding, cleaning, emulsification, atomization, etc.; chemical reactions and reactor induced by ultrasonic waves; synthesis of organic and inorganic materials; microstructural effects; heat generation; accelerated material characterization by ultrasonic fatigue testing; food processing; and environmental protection. This book collects eleven papers, one review, and ten research papers with the aim to present recent advances in ultrasonic wave propagation applied for the characterization or the processing of materials. Both fundamental science and applications of ultrasound in the field of material characterization and material processing have been gathered
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    Environmental Biocatalysis : From Remediation to Waste Valorization (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036514321 , 9783036514314
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (121 p.)
    Keywords: Technology: general issues
    Abstract: This Special Issue aims to highlight the dual potential of novel biocatalytic processes, where the first part is dedicated to waste valorization for the production of high value products, while the second part is focused on the detoxification of pollutants. Several examples of microbial systems employed for the valorization of waste streams derived by the forest, agricultural, and food industries or the use of whole-cell or enzyme approaches for the removal of nitrogen or dyes from industrial wastewaters are provided. Last but not least, an example of the utilization of polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) was highlighted for the production of fatty acids, which were used for the enzymatic synthesis of sugar esters with antimicrobial properties
    Note: English
    URL: kostenfrei
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  • 99
    Online Resource
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    Renewable Energies for Sustainable Development (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036513829 , 9783036513812
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (442 p.)
    Keywords: Technology: general issues
    Abstract: In the current scenario in which climate change dominates our lives and in which we all need to combat and drastically reduce the emission of greenhouse gases, renewable energies play key roles as present and future energy sources. Renewable energies vary across a wide range, and therefore, there are related studies for each type of energy. This Special Issue is composed of studies integrating the latest research innovations and knowledge focused on all types of renewable energy: onshore and offshore wind, photovoltaic, solar, biomass, geothermal, waves, tides, hydro, etc. Authors were invited submit review and research papers focused on energy resource estimation, all types of TRL converters, civil infrastructure, electrical connection, environmental studies, licensing and development of facilities, construction, operation and maintenance, mechanical and structural analysis, new materials for these facilities, etc. Analyses of a combination of several renewable energies as well as storage systems to progress the development of these sustainable energies were welcomed
    Note: English
    URL: kostenfrei
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  • 100
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Design and Control of Power Converters 2019 (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036515632 , 9783036515649
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (402 p.)
    Keywords: Technology: general issues
    Abstract: In this book, 20 papers focused on different fields of power electronics are gathered. Approximately half of the papers are focused on different control issues and techniques, ranging from the computer-aided design of digital compensators to more specific approaches such as fuzzy or sliding control techniques. The rest of the papers are focused on the design of novel topologies. The fields in which these controls and topologies are applied are varied: MMCs, photovoltaic systems, supercapacitors and traction systems, LEDs, wireless power transfer, etc
    Note: English
    URL: kostenfrei
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    Online Resource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
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