MPI für ethnologische Forschung, Halle/Saale

1 Description of sedimentary structures1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 Structures on the upper bedding surface -- 1.3 Internal structures -- 1.4 Structures on the lower bedding surface: sole marks -- 1.5 Structures formed by soft-sediment deformation -- 1.6 Exercises: sedimentary structures -- 2 Analysis of sedimentary structures -- 2.1 Paleocurrent analysis -- 2.2 Correction of data for tectonic tilt -- 2.3 Graphic presentation of directional data -- 2.4 Vector mean and vector magnitude -- 2.5 Moving-average maps -- 2.6 Factors that cause variability in cross-bed dip azimuths -- 2.7 Exercises -- 3 Primary grain fabric -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Sand-grain orientation -- 3.3 Pebble orientation in conglomerate -- 3.4 Intraclast orientation in limestone -- 3.5 Orientation of fossils -- 3.6 Exercise -- 4 Trace fossils -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Classification -- 4.3 Keys for trace fossil identification -- 4.4 Descriptions of common trace fossils -- 4.5 Behavioral classification -- 4.6 Features that may be misidentified as trace fossils -- 4.7 Value of trace fossils in sedimentology -- 4.8 Exercises: trace fossils -- 5 Particle morphology -- 5.1 Definitions -- 5.2 Measurement -- 5.3 Factors that control particle morphology -- 5.4 Reasons for studying particle morphology -- 5.5 Sample statistical analysis using the chi-square test -- 5.6 Exercises: roundness and chi-square -- 6 Mineral identification using X-ray diffraction -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Mineral identification (exclusive of clays) -- 6.3 Clay mineral identification -- 6.4 Chemical composition in solid-solution series -- 6.5 Quantification of mineral content -- 6.6 Sample preparation -- 6.7 Exercises: X-ray diffraction -- 7 Grain size -- 7.1 Grain-size classification -- 7.2 Grain-size analysis of unconsolidated sediment -- 7.3 Grain-size analysis of sedimentary rock -- 7.4 Graphic presentation of data -- 7.5 Statistical parameters of grain size -- 7.6 Variation in grain size with distance of transport -- 7.7 Exercises: grain size -- 8 Sedimentary rock classification -- 8.1 Sandstone -- 8.2 Mudrock -- 8.3 Conglomerate -- 8.4 Limestone -- 8.5 Sample statistical analysis using the Mann-Whitney U-test -- 8.6 Exercises: rock classification -- 9 Heavy minerals -- 9.1 Introduction -- 9.2 Heavy mineral assemblage -- 9.3 Factors that control heavy mineral assemblages -- 9.4 Methods of separation and analysis -- 9.5 Mineral descriptions -- 10 Rock color -- 10.1 Descriptions of colors -- 10.2 Factors that influence color -- 11 Environmental analysis -- 11.1 Introduction -- 11.2 Field data -- 11.3 Facies analysis of vertical sections -- 11.4 Facies maps -- 11.5 Facies models -- 11.6 Exercise: facies relationship diagram -- 11.7 Exercise: isopach and facies map -- References.