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Given the success of conditional cash transfer (CCT) programs elsewhere, in 2010 the Government of Tanzania rolled out a pilot CCT program in three districts. Its aim was to see if, using a model relying on communities to target beneficiaries and deliver payments, the program could improve outcomes for the poor the way centrally-run CCT programs have in other contexts. The program provided cash payments to poor households, but conditioned payments on complying with certain health and education requirements. Given scarce resources, the Government randomly selected 40 out of 80 eligible villages to receive the pilot program. Households in participating and comparison villages were broadly comparable at baseline. This report describes the program and the results of a rigorous, mixed methods impact evaluation. Two and a half years into the program, participating households were healthier and more educated. Health improvements due to the CCT program were greatest for the poorest half of households-the poorest of the poor. They experienced a half a day per month reduction in sick days on average, and poor children age 0-4 in particular had a full day per month reduction in sick days. In education, the program showed clear positive impacts on whether children had ever attended school and on whether they completed Standard 7. Households were also more likely to buy shoes for children, which can promote both health and school attendance. In response to the program, households also made investments to reduce risk: Participating households were much more likely to finance medical care with insurance and much more likely to purchase health insurance than were their comparison counterparts. The program did not significantly affect savings on aeverage, although it did increase non-bank savings amongst the poorest half of households. Participating households
Front Cover -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Abbreviations -- Executive Summary -- Chapter 1 Background -- Motivation for Project -- Project Description -- Impact Evaluation Description -- Notes -- Chapter 2 Results of the Baseline Survey -- Vulnerable Groups -- Household Characteristics -- Education -- Health -- Economic Activity -- Child Activities -- Consumption and Assets -- Transfers -- Savings and Credit -- Community -- Balance across Treatment and Comparison Groups -- Chapter 3 Evaluation Strategy -- Note -- Chapter 4 Impact Evaluation Results at the Midline -- Health-Seeking Behavior -- Health Outcomes -- Child Anthropometrics -- Education Outcomes -- Expenditures -- Food Consumption -- 's Activities and Assets -- Savings and Credit -- Community Trust -- Community Participation and Perception of Public Service Quality -- Transfers Paid Out and Received -- Livestock, Land, and Other Durable Assets -- Notes -- Chapter 5 Results of the Community Score Card Exercise -- Community Score Card Process -- Data Analysis -- Main Findings -- Chapter 6 Results of the Midline Focus Group Exercise -- Chapter 7 Impact Evaluation Results at Endline -- Health-Seeking Behavior and Health Outcomes -- Child Anthropometrics -- Education Outcomes -- Expenditures -- Food Consumption -- Children's Activities and Assets -- Savings and Credit -- Community Trust -- Community Participation and Perception of Public Service Quality -- Additional Results on Trust and Political Participation, with Endline Data Only -- Transfers Paid Out and Received -- Livestock, Land, and Other Durable Assets -- Infrastructure -- Note -- Chapter 8 Conclusions -- Appendix A Attrition -- Attrition at the Midline -- Attrition at Endline -- References -- Map -- Figures -- Tables -- Back Cover.
