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  • Cited by 19
Publisher:
Cambridge University Press
Online publication date:
July 2009
Print publication year:
2008
Online ISBN:
9780511509988

Book description

Why do social organizations decide to protest instead of working through institutional channels? This book draws hypotheses from three standard models of contentious political action - POS, resource mobilization, and identity - and subjects them to a series of qualitative and quantitative tests. The results have implications for social movement theory, studies of protest, and theories of public policy/agenda setting. The characteristics of movement organizations - type of resources, internal leadership competition, and identity - shape their inherent propensity to protest. Party alliance does not constrain protest, even when the party ally wins power. Instead, protest becomes a key part of organizational maintenance, producing constant incentives to protest that do not reflect changing external conditions. Nevertheless, organizations do respond to changes in the political context, governmental cycles in particular. In the first year of a new government, organizations have strong incentives to protest in order to establish their priority in the policy agenda.

Reviews

“Kathleen Bruhn, whose earlier work on the Mexican left remains the definitive analysis of the Democratic Revolutionary Party, adds to her initial scholarly reputation with a fascinating, detailed, original exploration of protest movements in Mexico City and São Paulo, based on a unique, author-generated, extensive data-base from newspaper archives. Bruhn masterfully combines a rigorous comparative framework and empirical analysis with qualitative insights and assessments drawn from years of field research, noting the importance of such variables as organizational culture, resources, political context, and party alliances in explaining differences in protest behavior. Urban Protest in Mexico and Brazil establishes a notable benchmark for understanding the nature and impact of social movements in the region.”
Roderick Camp, Claremont McKenna College

“Kathleen Bruhn is a first rate scholar and the work presented in this volume is excellent and very innovative. There are some fascinating stories to be told about this material, and Bruhn’s exhaustive fieldwork concentrates on areas which deserve scholarly attention. Her book is based on a fantastic data set which she uses with statistical sophistication without sacrificing the user-friendliness of the text.”
Miguel Centeno, Princeton University

“Most movement scholarship is movement ‘centric’ in its ignorance of other parties to contention, and biased toward the study of reform movements in Western democracies. That is what makes Bruhn’s book such a welcome change. Not only does her comparative study of movements in Brazil and Mexico shed light on the dynamics of contention in an important and understudied regime context, but in focusing her analysis on the dynamic relationships between states, parties and movements, the author offers a model for the way movements ought to be studied. This book deserves to find a broad audience in sociology and political science.”
Doug McAdam, Stanford University

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Contents

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Selected Sources – Mexico
“Aceptan marchas reguladas.” 2001. Reforma. 2 February 2001: 4B.
Aguilar García, Javier. 2001. La población trabajadora y sindicalizada en México en el período de la globalización. Mexico City: Fondo de Cultura Económica.
Alonso, Jorge. 1986a. “Movimientos sociales en el Valle de México: Una introducción.” In Los movimientos sociales en el Valle de México. Vol. I. Edited by Alonso, Jorge. Mexico City: CIESAS, pp. 17–52.
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Álvarez Enríquez, Lucía. 1998. Distrito Federal: Sociedad, Economía, Política, Cultura. Mexico City: UNAM.
Aranda Sánchez, José. 2001. Un movimiento obrero-popular independiente en México. Toluca, Mexico: Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México.
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Bennett, Vivienne. 1992. “The Evolution of Urban Popular Movements in Mexico Between 1968 and 1988.” In The Making of Social Movements in Latin America: Identity, Strategy, and Democracy. Edited by Escobar, Arturo and Sonia, E. Álvarez. Boulder, CO: Westview Press, pp. 240–259.
Bensusán, Graciela, and Arturo Alcalde. 2000. “Estructura sindical y agremiación.” In Trabajo y trabajadores en el México contemporáneo. Edited by Bensusán, Graciela and Rendón, Teresa. Mexico City: Miguel Ángel Porrúa, pp. 163–192.
Bensusán, Graciela, and Rendón, Teresa, eds. 2000. Trabajo y trabajadores en el México contemporáneo. Mexico City: Miguel Angel Porrúa.
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Cornelius, Wayne, Eisenstadt, Todd, and Hindley, Jane, eds. 1999. Subnational Politics and Democratization in Mexico. La Jolla, CA: Center for U.S.-Mexican Studies.
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Cuéllar Vázquez, Angélica. 1992. “Asamblea de Barrios.” In Crísis y sujetos sociales en México. Vol. 1. Edited by Toledo, Enrique de la Garza. Mexico City: Miguel Ángel Porrúa, pp. 225–252.
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De la Garza Toledo, Enrique. 2001a. “La democracia en tiempos del poscorporativismo: El caso del Sindicato de Telefonistas de la República Mexicana.” In Democracia y cambio sindical en México. Edited by Garza Toledo, Enrique. Mexico City: Plaza y Valdés, pp. 21–51.
Garza Toledo, Enrique, ed. 2001b. Democracia y cambio sindical en México. Mexico City: Plaza y Valdés.
Eckstein, Susan. 1977. The Poverty of Revolution: The State and the Urban Poor in Mexico. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
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Executive Director of Labor Studies, Mexico City Government. 1999. “18% a los tranviarios: Se evitó la huelga.” Informe de Política Laboral. Vol. 2, No. 7 (February 15), pp. 1–2.
Fernández Allende, Emilio. 1995. “El Sindicato Único de Trabajadores del Gobierno del Distrito Federal.” Trabajo, Issue 10: 17–23.
Foweraker, Joe. 1990. “Popular Movements and Political Change in Mexico.” In Popular Movements and Political Change in Mexico. Edited by Foweraker, Joe and Craig, Ann. Boulder, CO: Lynne Rienner Press, pp. 3–20.
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Garcia del Castillo, Rodolfo. 1999. Los municipios en México: Los retos ante el futuro. Mexico City: CIDE.
Gilbert, Alan, ed. 1989. Housing and Land in Urban Mexico. Monograph Series #31. La Jolla, CA: Center for U.S.–Mexican Studies.
González, Susana. “Se requieren 129 mil viviendas al año para satisfacer demanda en la ZMCM.” La Jornada. Mexico City. 9 October 2001: 49.
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Greene, Kenneth F. 2007. Why Dominant Parties Lose: Mexico's Democratization in Comparative Perspective. New York: Cambridge University Press.
Guillen López, Tonatiuh. 1996. Gobiernos municipales en México: Entre la modernización y la tradición política. Tijuana: COLEF.
Informe Mensual: Junio 1998. 1998. Coordinación General de Participación Ciudadana y Gestión Social, Gobierno del Distrito Federal.
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“Marchan en el DF para pedir trabajo.” Reforma, 12 December 2001: 8B.
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Mendez, Patricia and Rodrigo León. “Manifiestan apatía por juntas vecinales.” Reforma. Mexico City. 8 January 2003: 5B.
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Middlebrook, Kevin J. 1989. “The Sounds of Silence: Organised Labour's Response to Economic Crisis in Mexico.” Journal of Latin American Studies. Vol. 21, No. 2 (May): 195–220.
Middlebrook, Kevin J., ed. 1991. Unions, Workers, and the State in Mexico. La Jolla, CA: UCSD.
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Olvera, Alberto, ed. 2003a. Sociedad civil, esfera pública y democratización en América Latina: México. Mexico City: Fondo de Cultura Económica.
Olvera, Alberto. 2003b. “Conclusiones y Propuestas.” In Sociedad Civil, Esfera Pública y Democratización en America Latina: Mexico. Edited by Olvera, Alberto. Mexico City: Fondo de Cultura Económica, pp. 410–438.
Preston, Julia, and Dillon, Samuel. 2004. Opening Mexico: The Making of a Democracy. New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux.
Ramírez, Bertha Teresa. “El GDF ha realizado más de 60 mil acciones de vivienda en dos años.” La Jornada. Mexico City. 27 March 2003: 47.
Ramírez, Bertha Teresa, and Gabriela Romero. 2001. “Con base en los resultados de la consulta, AN a favor de regulamentar marchas: Luege Tamargo.” La Jornada. Mexico City. 1 February 2001: 36.
Sáiz, Ramírez, Manuel, Juan. 2002. “La política, lo politico, y el Movimiento Urbano Popular.” Ciudades. No. 55: 3.
Ravelo, Patricia, and Sergio Sánchez. 2001. “Protesta de bases y restauración del poder sindical.” In Democracia y cambio sindical en México. Edited by Garza Toledo, Enrique. Mexico City: Plaza y Valdés, pp. 73–91.
Regalado, Jorge. 1991. “Elecciones, partidos y organizaciones populares.” Ciudades. No. 14: 49–55.
Rendón, Teresa and Carlos Salas. 2000. “La evolución del empleo.” In Trabajo y trabajadores en el México contemporáneo. Edited by Bensusán, Graciela and Rendón, Teresa. Mexico City: Miguel Ángel Porrúa.
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Ruíz, Jonathan. “Frenan protestas a las inversiones.” Reforma. Mexico City. 12 May 2003: A1.
Salazar, Claudia, and Carlos Reyes. “Viven burócratas cisma.” Reforma. Mexico City. 6 December 2003: A1, A4, A5.
Samperio, Ana Cristina. 1996. Se nos reventó El Barzón. Mexico City: Edivisión.
Sánchez Mejorada, Cristina, and Lucia Álvarez Enriquez. 2003. “Gobierno Democrático,
Sociedad Civil, y Participación Ciudadana en la Ciudad de México, 1997–2000.” In Sociedad Civil, Esfera Pública y Democratización en America Latina: Mexico. Edited by Olvera, Alberto. Mexico City: Fondo de Cultura Económica, pp. 205–283.
Schwarz, Mauricio-José. 1994. Todos somos Superbarrio: La verdadera y asombrosa historia del luchador social más enigmático de México. Mexico City: Editorial Planeta Mexicana.
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Zapata, Francisco. 1989. “Labor and Politics: The Mexican Paradox.” In Labor Autonomy and the State in Latin America. Edited by Epstein, Edward C.. Boston: Unwin Hyman, pp. 173–193.
Zapata, Francisco. 1995. El sindicalismo mexicano frente a la restructuración. Mexico City: El Colegio de México.
Zermeño, Sergio and Cuevas, Aurelio, eds. 1990. Movimientos sociales en México. Mexico City: UNAM.
Ziccardi, Alicia. 1998. Gobernabilidad y participación ciudadana en la ciudad capital. Mexico City: UNAM.
Selected Sources – Brazil
Abers, Rebecca Neaera. 2000. Inventing Local Democracy: Grassroots Politics in Brazil. Boulder, CO: Lynne Rienner Press.
Alcántara, Manuel. 1999. Sistemas politicos de América Latina: América del Sur. Volume I. Madrid: Editorial Tecnos.
“Apoio ao GDF divide eleição para o Sinpro.” Jornal de Brasilia. Brasilia. 2 June 1995.
Arretche, Marta, and Rodriguez, Vicente. 1998. Federalismo no Brasil: Descentralização das políticas sociais no Estado de São Paulo. São Paulo, SP: FUNDAP
Assies, Willem. 1993. “Urban Social Movements and Local Democracy in Brazil.” European Review of Latin American and Caribbean Studies. Vol. 55 (December): 39–58.
Avritzer, Leonardo. 2000. “Democratization and Changes in the Pattern of Association in Brazil.” Journal of Interamerican Studies and World Affairs. Vol. 42, No. 3 (Fall): 59–76.
Baiocchi, Gianpaolo, ed. 2003a. Radicals in Power: The Workers' Party (PT) and Experiments in Urban Democracy in Brazil. New York: Zed Books.
Baiocchi, Gianpaolo. 2003b. “Radicals in Power.” In Radicals in Power: The Workers' Party (PT) and Experiments in Urban Democracy in Brazil. Edited by Baiocchi, Gianpaolo. New York: Zed Books, pp. 1–26.
Benevides, , Victoria, Maria, Vannuchi, Paulo, and Kerche, Fabio, eds. 2003. Reforma política e cidadania. São Paulo: Editora Fundação Perseu Abramo.
Bezerra Ammann, Safira. 1991. Movimento popular de bairro: De frente para o Estado, em busca do Parlamento. São Paulo: Cortez Editora.
Biazzi, Luis Augusto et al, eds. 1999. Descentralização e privatização nos setores de infraestrutura no Estado de São Paulo. São Paulo: Edições Fundap.
Biehler Mateos, Simone. “Paulistano apoia greve mas rejeita ação radical.” O Estado de São Paulo, 29 May 2000: A10.
Bonduki, Nabil, ed. 1997. Habitat: As práticas bem-sucedidas em habitação, meio ambiente e gestão urbana nas cidades brasileiras. 2nd edition. São Paulo: Livros Studio Nobel.
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Branford, Sue, and Kucinski, Bernardo. 1995. Brazil: Carnival of the Oppressed. London: Latin America Bureau.
Brasil de Lima Junior, Olavo, ed. 1997. O sistema partidario brasileiro: Diversidade e tendencies 1982–1994. Rio de Janeiro: Fundação Getulio Vargas.
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Burdick, John. 1992. “Rethinking the Study of Social Movements: The Case of Christian Base Communities in Urban Brazil.” In The Making of Social Movements in Latin America: Identity, Strategy, and Democracy. Edited by Escobar, Arturo and Álvarez, Sonia E.. Boulder, CO: Westview Press, pp. 171–184.
Caldeira, Teresa. 2000. City of Walls: Crime, Segregation, and Citizenship in São Paulo. Los Angeles: University of California Press.
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Câmara Municipal de São Paulo. 2003. São Paulo Plano Diretor Estratégico: Cartilha de formação, second edition. São Paulo: Câmara Municipal de São Paulo.
Cardoso, Adalberto, and Comin, Alvaro. 1997. “Centrais sindicais e attitudes democráticas.” Lua Nova. No. 40/41: 167–192.
Cardoso, Ruth Corrêa Leite. 1992. “Popular Movements in the Context of the Consolidation of Democracy in Brazil.” In The Making of Social Movements in Latin America: Identity, Strategy, and Democracy. Edited by Escobar, Arturo and Álvarez, Sonia E.. Boulder, CO: Westview Press, pp. 291–302.
César, Benedito Tadeu. PT: A contemporaneidade possivel. 2002. Porto Alegre: Editora da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul.
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Costa Ferreira, Marcelo. 1999. “Associativismo e contato político nas regiões metropolitanas de Brasil: 1988–1996.” Revista Brasileira de Ciências Sociais. Vol. 14, No. 41: 90–102.
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Da Silva, Ana Amelia. 1994a. “Dimensões da interlocução pública: Cidade, movimentos sociais e direitos.” In O Brasil no rastro da crise: Partidos, sindicatos, movimentos sociais, Estado e cidadania no curso dos anos 90. Edited by Diniz, Eli, Lopes, José Sérgio Leite, and Prandi, Reginaldo. São Paulo: Editora Hucitec, pp. 204–224.
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Dagnino, Evelina. 2002. Sociedad civil, esfera pública y democratización en América Latina: Brasil. Mexico City: Fondo de Cultura Económica.
Campos Gouvêa, Luiz Alberto. 1998. “Una política habitacional de interesse social para o Distrito Federal.” In Brasília: Gestão urbana, conflitos e cidadania. Edited by Paviani, Aldo. Brasilia: Universidade Nacional de Brasilia, pp. 253–270.
Andrade, Castro, ed. 1998. Processo de governo no município e no estado. São Paulo: Editora de la Universidade de São Paulo.
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Di Tella, Torcuato. 1995. Estructuras sindicales en la Argentina y Brasil: Algunas tendencies recientes. Buenos Aires: Editorial Biblos.
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Mettenheim, Kurt. 1995. The Brazilian Voter: Mass Politics in Democratic Transition, 1974–1986. Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press.
Selected Web Sites
http://africanelections.tripod.com
http://cdp.binghamton.edu /era /index.html
http://dss.ucsd.edu/~proeder/elf.htm
http://freedomhouse.org/
http://www.antorchacampesina.org.mx
http://www.asambleadf.gov.mx
http://www.broadleft.org
http://www.camara.sp.gov.br
http://www.cidcm.umd.edu/inscr/mar/
http://www.cl.df.gov.br
http://www.electionguide.org/
http://www.electionworld.org
http://www.europeanforum.net
http://www.finanzas.df.gob.mx
http://www.georgetown.edu/pdba/
http://www.ilo.org
http://www.mmoradia.kit.net
http://www.psephos.adam-carr.net
http://www.pt.org.br/site/assets/carta_ao_povo_brasileiro.pdf
http://www.socialistinternational.org/
http://www.stanford.edu/~jfearon/
Interviews
In addition to those cited from published sources:
Mexico City:
10 confidential interviews with party and government officials, fall of 2000 and summer 2001.
10 confidential interviews with labor leaders, 8 of them in the SUTGDF, fall of 2000 and summer 2001.
14 confidential interviews with leaders from urban popular movements, fall of 2000 and summer 2001.
Attendance at numerous party, public, and urban popular movement organizational meetings.
São Paulo:
5 confidential interviews with party and government officials, summer of 2002 and 2003.
4 confidential interviews with labor leaders in the SINDSEP, summer of 2003.
1 interview of SINDSEP president Leandro Valquer Leite de Oliveira, summer of 2003.
1 confidential interview with a labor leader in Força Sindical.
8 confidential interviews with leaders from urban popular movements, summer of 2003.
Participation in the series of discussions about urban development, held in São Paulo in the summer of 2003, in preparation for the “Conference on Cities” sponsored by the national Ministry for Cities.
Attendance at numerous urban popular movement organizational meetings.

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