List of Illustrations and Tables ix Acknowledgments xiii Introduction 1 PART I : PAST Chapter 1: Migration from Prehistory to Columbus 11 Early Migration 12 Connecting Humanity 18 Migration and Humanity 37 Chapter 2: Global Migrations: Toward a World Economy 39 The Age of Exploration 40 Imperialism and Coercion 45 Unfree Migrations: Slavery and Indentured Labor 47 Global "Free" Migrations (ca. 1840-1914) 57 Builders of the Modern World 67 Chapter 3: "Managed" Migration in the Twentieth Century (1914-1973) 69 The End of the Liberal Period 70 The Interwar Period: Economic Decline and Regulated Migration 77 Post-WWII Migrations 85 Finding Reasons to Regulate 92 PART II: PRESENT Chapter 4: L eaving Home: Migration Decisions and Processes 97 Micro-Level: Individuals and Families 99 Meso-Level: Networks and Systems 103 Macro-Level: Demographic, Political, and Economic Conditions 109 Individual, Society, and National Influences 120 Chapter 5: I mmigration and Border Control 121 Channels and Flows of Migration 122 Economic Migration 127 Social Migration 140 Refugee Migration 147 Border Control 153 Beyond Border Controls 160 Chapter 6: T he Impacts of Migration 162 Impacts on Receiving Countries 164 Impacts on Sending Countries 178 Impacts on Migrants 193 Impacts on Societies and Migrants 209 PART III : FUTURE Chapter 7: T he Future of Migration 213 The Backdrop of Globalization 215 Supply of Migrants 219 Demand for Migrants 241 Chapter 8: A Global Migration Agenda 259 Thought Experiments 261 A Long-Term Vision of Freer Movement 265 Principles for Global Migration 270 The Need for Global Leadership 281 Notes 287 References 331 Index 359.