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1
ISBN: 9783862054893
Language: German
Pages: 273 Seiten
Keywords: Geschichte 2013-2014 ; Japan ; Politik ; Wirtschaft ; Gesellschaft
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  • 2
    Online Resource
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    In:  Japan 2014 (2014), Seite 217-244 | year:2014 | pages:217-244
    ISBN: 978-3-86205-489-3
    Language: German
    Pages: 28 Seiten
    Titel der Quelle: Japan 2014
    Publ. der Quelle: 2014
    Angaben zur Quelle: (2014), Seite 217-244
    Angaben zur Quelle: year:2014
    Angaben zur Quelle: pages:217-244
    DDC: 306
    Keywords: Olympische Spiele 〈32., 2021, Tokio〉 ; Tokio ; Tourismus ; Selbstdarstellung ; Kulturelle Identität
    Abstract: Omotenashi – Japanese Hospitality in the Face of the Olympic Games On the 7th September 2013, Tōkyō was selected as the host city of the Olympic and Paralympic Summer Games 2020. Soon afterwards, the Japanese mass media began to use the word omotenashi (hospitality) more frequently, especially in connection with the games, and it suddenly became a buzzword. In this paper, I research the reasons for this phenomenon. One reason might be the fact that shortly before the Japanese capital was chosen, during the final presentations by the representatives of the applicant cities, newscaster Christel Takigawa used the word omotenashi to promote Tōkyō in front of the IOC. However, upon closer examination, it becomes clear this instance of the word being used is only one example, and the term omotenashi had already been gaining attention in the mass media since 2000, especially in the context of export business or domestic tourism. In view of the Olympic Games 2020, the Japanese government is trying to promote Tōkyō as a safe and tourist-friendly city, especially as it has a number of problems to face internationally, most prominently in connection with the ongoing nuclear crisis at the Fukushima Dai’ichi plant, as well as some racist comments made by well-known politicians. In an attempt to remake the image of the city, the government is trying to promote the idea of hospitality to the Japanese citizens, even going as far as to declare omotenashi a part of Japan’s »unique« culture. But what is omotenashi originally? Who will gain from promoting it in this way? Who will lose? What role do the Japanese mass media play?
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  • 3
    ISBN: 978-3-86205-489-3
    Language: German
    Pages: 25 Seiten
    Titel der Quelle: Japan 2014
    Publ. der Quelle: 2014
    Angaben zur Quelle: (2014), Seite 48-72
    Angaben zur Quelle: year:2014
    Angaben zur Quelle: pages:48-72
    DDC: 307
    Keywords: Japan ; Nachbarschaft ; Chōnaikai ; Vertrauen ; Geschlechterverhältnis
    Abstract: Trust as a Driver of Participation? Gender Differences in Japanese Neighborhood Associations Over 300.000 neighborhood associations (NHA) throughout Japan engage in social and political activities, such as organizing events or lobbying with local politicians. However, the scope and intensity of activities differ among NHAs, and not all members within an NHA are involved in all kinds of activities. This paper analyzes empirically the determinants of political and non-political NHA participation in Japan, while putting a special emphasis on trust as a main driver of engagement. Taking into account the apparent gender inequalities in Japanese society, as well as the gender differences exhibited in trust in general, this paper aims at disentangling the correlation of NHA participation with trust stratified by gender. Conceptually we distinguish between participation in NHA activities in general, and participation in political activities of NHA. Further, we use two different concepts of trust: horizontal trust in others on the one hand and vertical trust in authorities on the other hand. Using these concepts we derive two main hypotheses from the literature: First, we expect that horizontal trust correlates positively with active NHA participation in general (Putnam 2000). Second, we assume that vertical trust correlates positively with the level of political activities within an NHA (Tsujinaka, Pekkanen and Yamamoto 2009). Next to trust, we also control for other factors as possible predictors of participation, and show how socio-demographic factors correlate with participation in various ways. We apply a mixed methods approach by relying on quantitative and qualitative data. For our statistical analysis we use data from an online survey conducted in 2013 (n=1660). Complementary to this we analyze qualitative data from explorative semi-structured interviews with NHA members (2014). Our findings show a complex correlation of participation and trust, including gender-related differences. Our main findings are: (1) Horizontal trust does not have an impact on political or non-political participation in NHA activities, regardless of gender. (2) Vertical trust is an important predictor for political as well as non-political activities in NHAs, but only in the case of women. (3) Feelings of joy and trust correlate with political as well as non-political participation in the case of women, whereas for men, status-related socio-demographic factors and the extent of communication with politicians are stronger drivers. Our findings thus question the claim made by social capital theory that horizontal trust fosters civil engagement. In addition, it illustrates that vertical trust as well as gender need to be considered more carefully in future studies.
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  • 4
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    In:  Japan 2014 (2014), Seite 245-269 | year:2014 | pages:245-269
    ISBN: 978-3-86205-489-3
    Language: German
    Pages: 25 Seiten
    Titel der Quelle: Japan 2014
    Publ. der Quelle: 2014
    Angaben zur Quelle: (2014), Seite 245-269
    Angaben zur Quelle: year:2014
    Angaben zur Quelle: pages:245-269
    DDC: 302.2
    Keywords: Japan ; Kernkraftwerk Fukushima ; Reaktorunfall ; Massenmedien ; Berichterstattung
    Abstract: Japanese Media and the Fukushima Nuclear Disaster What role did the Japanese media play in the Fukushima nuclear disaster? Foreign observers have concluded that Japanese citizens had less information about the nuclear accident than those outside the country. The paper reviews secondary material and Japanese newspapers to analyze the role of the media in the communication of the disaster. Research on the political role of Japanese media can be divided into two groups. Many studies underline that Japanese media lack criticism of the government and don’t fulfill their function as watchdog or fourth estate. They criticize the press club system as an obstacle to investigative reporting, the media’s proximity to the state and power holders and the exclusion of outsiders. Other interpretations see the Japanese mass media as constantly critical of the government. It is argued that they have great influence on politics and achieve a pluralization of the policy process through interaction with various groups. The same dichotomy is reproduced in a discussion about the reporting of the nuclear accident. The paper gives an overview of research on the political role of the Japanese media. The reporting of the Fukushima crisis is scrutinized through newspaper archives of three national newspapers and secondary sources on the portrayal in five television channels. It is argued that the category of »media« must be replaced with more differentiated categories like media enterprises or media groups. Against the background of the empirical evidence from the reporting of the Fukushima nuclear accident it is reflected on useful categories and on explanations for variation in the reporting of the analyzed media units.
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