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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Terror as a Bargaining Instrument : A Case Study of Dowry Violence in Rural India (1999)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (36 p.))
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Rao, Vijayendra Terror as a Bargaining Instrument
    Keywords: Adolescent Health ; Benef Children ; Divorce ; Domestic Violence ; Families ; Family ; Females ; Gender ; Gender and Law ; Health, Nutrition and Population ; Home ; House ; Husband ; Husbands ; Law and Development ; Marriage ; Marriages ; Sanctions ; Social Development ; Social Inclusion and Institutions ; Wedding ; Wife ; Will ; Wives ; Woman ; Women ; Adolescent Health ; Benef Children ; Divorce ; Domestic Violence ; Families ; Family ; Females ; Gender ; Gender and Law ; Health, Nutrition and Population ; Home ; House ; Husband ; Husbands ; Law and Development ; Marriage ; Marriages ; Sanctions ; Social Development ; Social Inclusion and Institutions ; Wedding ; Wife ; Will ; Wives ; Woman ; Women
    Abstract: May 2000 - Some aspects of violent behavior are linked to economic incentives and deserve more attention from economists. In India, for example, domestic violence is used as a bargaining instrument, to extract larger dowries from a wife's family, after the marriage has taken place. Bloch and Rao examine how domestic violence may be used as a bargaining instrument, to extract larger dowries from a spouse's family. The phrase dowry violence refers not to the dowry paid at the time of the wedding, but to additional payments demanded by the groom's family after the marriage. The additional dowry is often paid to stop the husband from systematically beating the wife. Bloch and Rao base their case study of three villages in southern India on qualitative and survey data. Based on the ethnographic evidence, they develop a noncooper-ative bargaining and signaling model of dowries and domestic violence. They test the predictions from those models on survey data. They find that women whose families pay smaller dowries suffer increased risk of marital violence. So do women who come from richer families (from whom resources can more easily be extracted). Larger dowries - as well as greater satisfaction with the marriage (in the form of more male children) - reduce the probability of violence. In India marriage is almost never a matter of choice for women, but is driven almost entirely by social norms and parental preferences. Providing opportunities for women outside of marriage and the marriage market would significantly improve their well-being by allowing them to leave an abusive husband, or find a way of bribing him to stop the abuse, or present a credible threat, which has the same effect. This paper - a product of Poverty and Human Resources, Development Research Group - is part of a larger effort in the group to examine crime and violence in developing countries. Vijayendra Rao may be contacted at vraoworldbank.org
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dignity Through Discourse : Poverty and the Culture of Deliberation in Indian Village Democracies (2009)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (46 p)
    Edition: 2009 World Bank eLibrary
    Parallel Title: Rao, Vijayendra Dignity Through Discourse
    Abstract: Employing a view of culture as a communicative phenomenon involving discursive engagement, which is deeply influenced by social and economic inequalities, the authors argue that the struggle to break free of poverty is as much a cultural process as it is political and economic. In this paper, they analyze important examples of discursive spaces - public meetings in Indian village democracies (gram sabhas), where villagers make important decisions about budgetary allocations for village development and the selection of beneficiaries for anti-poverty programs. They examine 290 transcripts of gram sabhas from South India to demonstrate how they create a culture of civic/political engagement among poor people, and how definitions of poverty and beneficiary-selection criteria are understood and interrogated within them. Through this examination, they highlight the process by which gram sabhas facilitate the acquisition of crucial cultural capabilities such as discursive skills and civic agency by poor and disadvantaged groups. They illustrate how the poor and socially marginalized deploy these discursive skills in a resource-scarce and socially stratified environment in making material and non-material demands in their search for dignity. The intersection of poverty, culture, and deliberative democracy is a topic of broad relevance because it sheds light on cultural processes that can be influenced by public action in a manner that helps improve the voice and agency of the poor
    DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-4924
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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    Online Resource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Sex Workers and the Cost of Safe Sex : The Compensating Differential for Condom Use in Calcutta (1999)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (24 p.))
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Lokshin, Michael Sex Workers and the Cost of Safe Sex
    Keywords: AIDS HIV ; Adolescent Health ; Aids ; Aids Crisis ; Commercial Sex ; Commercial Sex Workers ; Condom Use ; Condoms ; Gender ; Gender and Health ; Health Monitoring and Evaluation ; Health Services ; Health, Nutrition and Population ; Heterosexual Sex ; High Risk Of Infection ; High-Risk ; Infections ; National Aids Control ; Population Policies ; Risk Behavior ; Safe Sex ; Sex ; Sex Partners ; Sex Practices ; Sex Workers ; Sexual Partners ; Young Adults ; AIDS HIV ; Adolescent Health ; Aids ; Aids Crisis ; Commercial Sex ; Commercial Sex Workers ; Condom Use ; Condoms ; Gender ; Gender and Health ; Health Monitoring and Evaluation ; Health Services ; Health, Nutrition and Population ; Heterosexual Sex ; High Risk Of Infection ; High-Risk ; Infections ; National Aids Control ; Population Policies ; Risk Behavior ; Safe Sex ; Sex ; Sex Partners ; Sex Practices ; Sex Workers ; Sexual Partners ; Young Adults
    Abstract: May 2000 - Prostitution is often called the world's oldest profession, yet economists almost never study it. The practice of safe sex by commercial sex workers is considered central to preventing the transmission of AIDS in developing countries - yet sex workers in Calcutta who regularly use condoms suffer a 79 percent loss in their average earnings per sex act. The practice of safe sex by commercial sex workers is considered central to preventing the transmission of AIDS in developing countries. Rao, Gupta, and Jana estimate the compensating differential for condom use among sex workers in Calcutta, based on results from a survey conducted in 1993. If, as suggested by anecdotal evidence, this loss in income is large, it would indicate the existence of strong disincentives for practicing safe sex. To identify the relationship between condom use and the average price per sex act, they follow an instrumental variable approach, exploiting an intervention program focused on providing information about the AIDS virus and about safe sex practices. The program, instituted in 1992, was not systematically administered. Using this method, they found that sex workers who always use condoms face a loss of 79 percent in the average earnings per sex act. This paper - a product of Poverty and Human Resources, Development Research Group - is part of a larger effort in the group to understand the behavior underlying HIV/AIDS transmission. Vijayendra Rao may be contacted at vraoworldbank.org
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Symbolic public goods and the coordination of collective action : a comparison of local development in India and Indonesia (2005)
    [Washington, D.C] : World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 3685
    Parallel Title: Rao, Vijayendra Symbolic public goods and the coordination of collective action
    Keywords: Decentralization in government ; Decentralization in government ; Municipal services ; Municipal services ; Progressive taxation ; Progressive taxation ; Public goods ; Public goods ; Decentralization in government ; Decentralization in government ; Municipal services ; Municipal services ; Progressive taxation ; Progressive taxation ; Public goods ; Public goods
    Abstract: "Most economists think of common property as physical-a body of water, a forest-and as bounded within geographic space. In this paper, building on work in social theory, the author argues that common property can also be social-defined within symbolic space. People can be bound by well-defined symbolic agglomerations that have characteristics similar to common property. He calls these "symbolic public goods" (SPGs) and make the case that such constructs are central to understanding collective action. He illustrates the point by contrasting how conceptions of nationalism in Indonesia and India created SPGs that resulted in very different strategies of local development. Indonesia emphasized collective action by the poor that resulted in a form of regressive taxation, enforced by the ideology of svadaya gotong royong (community self-help) that was both internalized and coercively enforced. India emphasized democratic decentralization through the panchayat system driven by the Gandhian ideology of gram swaraj (self-reliant villages). This has resulted in an unusual equity-efficiency tradeoff. Indonesia has delivered public services much more efficiently than India did, but at the cost of democratic freedoms and voice. The author argues that the challenge for these countries is not to undermine their existing SPGs but to build on them. Indonesia should retain the spirit of svadaya gotong royong but channel it in an equitable and democratic direction, while India should build the capacity of the panchayat system by giving it fiscal teeth, while promoting underutilized institutions such as Gram Sabhas (village meetings) that encourage accountability and transparency. "--World Bank web site
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 8/18/2005 , Also available in print.
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The Added Value of Local Democracy : Evidence from a Natural Experiment in India (2023)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (63 pages)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Arora, Abhishek The Added Value of Local Democracy: Evidence from a Natural Experiment in India
    Keywords: Business Pulse Survey Data ; COVID-19 Impact ; Crisis and Micro and Small Firms ; Crisis Effects ; Governance ; Informality ; International Finance Corporation ; Local Government ; Participations and Civic Engagement ; Resilience ; Social Development
    Abstract: Governments across the world have increasingly devolved powers to locally elected leaders. This paper studies the consequences of local democracy, exploiting a natural experiment in Karnataka, India. Local elections were postponed in 2020, resulting in appointed administrators taking over governance in villages whose elected leaders completed their terms that year. This created quasi-random variation in the governance regime across villages. The paper brings together a rich set of administrative datasets-budgetary allocations from the universe of 6,000 villages, more than a million public works projects, local bureaucratic attendance, welfare benefits, and a primary survey of more than 11,810 households-to estimate the impacts of local democracy. The findings show that local democracy aligns spending more closely with citizen preferences, but these gains accrue more to men, upper castes, and other advantaged social groups. Elected leaders are more responsive to citizen needs and cause local bureaucrats to exert more effort. However, appointed administrators perform better on aspects of governance that are aligned with their specialized skills. Local democracy improves governance in some domains, but it has no overall impact on economic outcomes or effectiveness of COVID-19 management
    DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-10555
    URL: Deutschlandweit zugänglich
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Poverty and public celebrations in rural India (2001)
    Washington, D.C : World Bank, Development Research Group, Poverty and Human Resources
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 2528
    Parallel Title: Rao, Vijayendra Poverty and public celebrations in rural India
    Keywords: Poverty ; Poverty ; India Anniversaries, etc ; India Social life and customs ; India Anniversaries, etc ; India Social life and customs
    Description / Table of Contents: Very poor households spend large sums on celebrations. To the extent that these expenditures are central to maintaining the networks essential for social relationships and coping with poverty, these are reasonable expenses. To the extent that they are status competitions, they may merely increase conspicuous consumption.
    Note: "January 2001"--Cover , Includes bibliographical references (p. 23-25) , Title from title screen as viewed on Sept. 23, 2002 , Also available in print.
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The social impact of social funds in Jamaica : a mixed-methods analysis of participation, targeting, and collective action in community-driven development (2003)
    Washington, D.C : World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 2970
    Parallel Title: Ibáñez, Ana María The social impact of social funds in Jamaica
    Keywords: Community development ; Economic assistance, Domestic ; Community development ; Economic assistance, Domestic
    Note: "February 14, 2003 , Includes bibliographical references , Title from title screen as viewed on February 15, 2003 , Also available in print.
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Governance in the gullies : democratic responsiveness and leadership in Delhi's slums (2005)
    [Washington, D.C] : World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 3694
    Parallel Title: Jha, Saumitra Governance in the gullies
    Keywords: Leadership ; Slums ; Leadership ; Slums
    Abstract: "The authors use detailed ethnographic evidence to design and interpret a broad representative survey of 800 households in Delhi's slums, examining the processes by which residents gain access to formal government and develop their own informal modes of leadership. While ethnically homogeneous slums transplant rural institutions to the city, newer and ethnically diverse slums depend on informal leaders who gain their authority through political connections, education, and network entrepreneurship. Education and political affiliation are more important than seniority in determining a leader's influence. Informal leaders are accessible to all slum dwellers, but formal government figures are most accessed by the wealthy and the well-connected. "--World Bank web site
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 8/25/2005 , Also available in print.
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Qualitative Analysis at Scale : An Application to Aspirations in Cox's Bazaar, Bangladesh (2022)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (43 pages)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Ashwin, Julian Qualitative Analysis at Scale: An Application to Aspirations in Cox's Bazaar, Bangladesh
    Keywords: Aspirations in Development Economics ; Inclusion ; Inequality ; Narrative Text Analysis ; Nationalities and Ethnic Groups ; Natural Language Processing ; Poverty Reduction ; Qualitative Data Analysis ; Quality of Life and Leisure ; Rohingya Refugee Interviews ; Social Analysis ; Social Development ; Social Inclusion and Institutions ; Voluntary and Involuntary Resettlement ; Well-Being Research
    Abstract: Qualitative work has found limited use in economics largely because it is difficult to analyze at scale due to the careful reading of text and human coding it requires. This paper presents a framework with which to extend a small set of hand-coding to a much larger set of documents using natural language processing and thus to analyze qualitative data at scale. The paper shows how to assess the robustness and reliability of this approach and demonstrates that it can allow the identification of meaningful patterns in the data that the original hand-coded sample is too small to identify. The approach is applied to data collected among Rohingya refugees and their Bangladeshi hosts in Cox's Bazaar, Bangladesh, to build on work in anthropology and philosophy that distinguishes between ambition-specific goals, aspiration-transforming values, and navigational capacity, which is the ability to achieve ambitions and aspirations. The findings demonstrate that these distinctions can have important policy implications
    DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-10046
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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  • 10
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Localizing development : does participation work? (2012)
    Washington, D.C : World Bank
    Details
    ISBN: 9780821382561 , 9780821389904
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (p. cm)
    Edition: 2015 World Bank eLibrary
    DDC: 338.9
    Keywords: Community development ; Decentralization in government ; Economic development Citizen participation ; Economic development projects Citizen participation ; Community development ; Decentralization in government ; Economic development Citizen participation ; Economic development projects Citizen participation ; Community development ; Decentralization in government ; Economic development ; Economic development projects
    Note: Includes bibliographical references and index
    DOI: 10.1596/978-0-8213-8256-1
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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