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  • Washington, D.C : The World Bank  (22)
  • Stanford, Calif : Stanford Social Sciences  (1)
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  • 1
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Dignity Through Discourse : Poverty and the Culture of Deliberation in Indian Village Democracies (2009)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (46 p)
    Ausgabe: 2009 World Bank eLibrary
    Paralleltitel: Rao, Vijayendra Dignity Through Discourse
    Kurzfassung: Employing a view of culture as a communicative phenomenon involving discursive engagement, which is deeply influenced by social and economic inequalities, the authors argue that the struggle to break free of poverty is as much a cultural process as it is political and economic. In this paper, they analyze important examples of discursive spaces - public meetings in Indian village democracies (gram sabhas), where villagers make important decisions about budgetary allocations for village development and the selection of beneficiaries for anti-poverty programs. They examine 290 transcripts of gram sabhas from South India to demonstrate how they create a culture of civic/political engagement among poor people, and how definitions of poverty and beneficiary-selection criteria are understood and interrogated within them. Through this examination, they highlight the process by which gram sabhas facilitate the acquisition of crucial cultural capabilities such as discursive skills and civic agency by poor and disadvantaged groups. They illustrate how the poor and socially marginalized deploy these discursive skills in a resource-scarce and socially stratified environment in making material and non-material demands in their search for dignity. The intersection of poverty, culture, and deliberative democracy is a topic of broad relevance because it sheds light on cultural processes that can be influenced by public action in a manner that helps improve the voice and agency of the poor
    DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-4924
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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    Online-Ressource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 2
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Terror as a Bargaining Instrument : A Case Study of Dowry Violence in Rural India (1999)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (36 p.))
    Ausgabe: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Paralleltitel: Rao, Vijayendra Terror as a Bargaining Instrument
    Schlagwort(e): Adolescent Health ; Benef Children ; Divorce ; Domestic Violence ; Families ; Family ; Females ; Gender ; Gender and Law ; Health, Nutrition and Population ; Home ; House ; Husband ; Husbands ; Law and Development ; Marriage ; Marriages ; Sanctions ; Social Development ; Social Inclusion and Institutions ; Wedding ; Wife ; Will ; Wives ; Woman ; Women ; Adolescent Health ; Benef Children ; Divorce ; Domestic Violence ; Families ; Family ; Females ; Gender ; Gender and Law ; Health, Nutrition and Population ; Home ; House ; Husband ; Husbands ; Law and Development ; Marriage ; Marriages ; Sanctions ; Social Development ; Social Inclusion and Institutions ; Wedding ; Wife ; Will ; Wives ; Woman ; Women
    Kurzfassung: May 2000 - Some aspects of violent behavior are linked to economic incentives and deserve more attention from economists. In India, for example, domestic violence is used as a bargaining instrument, to extract larger dowries from a wife's family, after the marriage has taken place. Bloch and Rao examine how domestic violence may be used as a bargaining instrument, to extract larger dowries from a spouse's family. The phrase dowry violence refers not to the dowry paid at the time of the wedding, but to additional payments demanded by the groom's family after the marriage. The additional dowry is often paid to stop the husband from systematically beating the wife. Bloch and Rao base their case study of three villages in southern India on qualitative and survey data. Based on the ethnographic evidence, they develop a noncooper-ative bargaining and signaling model of dowries and domestic violence. They test the predictions from those models on survey data. They find that women whose families pay smaller dowries suffer increased risk of marital violence. So do women who come from richer families (from whom resources can more easily be extracted). Larger dowries - as well as greater satisfaction with the marriage (in the form of more male children) - reduce the probability of violence. In India marriage is almost never a matter of choice for women, but is driven almost entirely by social norms and parental preferences. Providing opportunities for women outside of marriage and the marriage market would significantly improve their well-being by allowing them to leave an abusive husband, or find a way of bribing him to stop the abuse, or present a credible threat, which has the same effect. This paper - a product of Poverty and Human Resources, Development Research Group - is part of a larger effort in the group to examine crime and violence in developing countries. Vijayendra Rao may be contacted at vraoworldbank.org
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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    Online-Ressource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 3
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    The Political Economy of Village Sanitation in South India : Capture Or Poor Information? (2009)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (18 p)
    Ausgabe: 2009 World Bank eLibrary
    Paralleltitel: Ban, Radu The Political Economy of Village Sanitation in South India
    Kurzfassung: Despite efforts to mandate and finance local governments' provision of environmental sanitation services, outcomes remain poor in the villages surveyed in the four South Indian states. The analysis indicates some key issues that appear to hinder improvements in sanitation. Local politicians tend to capture sanitary infrastructure and cleaning services for themselves, while also keeping major village roads reasonably well-served. Their decisions suggest, however, that they neither understand the health benefits of sanitation, nor the negative externalities to their own health if surrounding areas are poorly served. Our findings suggest that improving sanitary outcomes requires disseminating information on the public goods nature of their health benefits, as well as on the local government's responsibilities. It also requires putting public health regulations in place, along with measures to enable accountability in service provision
    DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-4802
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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    Online-Ressource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 4
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    The Anatomy of Failure : An Ethnography of a Randomized Trial to Deepen Democracy in Rural India (2014)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (36 p)
    Ausgabe: 2014 World Bank eLibrary
    Paralleltitel: Ananthpur, Kripa The Anatomy of Failure
    Kurzfassung: Programs that induce citizen participation to improve the quality of government at the local level are the subjects of large amounts of funding and intense debate. This paper combines a randomized control trial of a citizenship training and facilitation program in rural India, with an in-depth, four-year ethnography of the intervention to understand the underlying mechanisms of change. The quantitative data show no impact from the intervention. Household and village survey data from 100 treatment and 100 control villages show considerable improvement across a wide variety of governance and participation indicators over time, but the differences in the changes between treatment and control villages are not statistically significant. The detailed qualitative data from a 10 percent subsample allow us to unpack the reasons why the intervention “failed,” highlighting the role of variations in the quality of facilitation, lack of top-down support, and difficulties with confronting the stubborn challenge of persistent inequality. However, the qualitative investigation also uncovered subtle treatment effects that are difficult to observe in structured surveys. The paper thus demonstrates that a concerted effort to use “thick description” to uncover the process of change using careful and detailed qualitative work can add value to standard impact evaluations
    DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-6958
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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    Online-Ressource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 5
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Flies Without Borders : Lessons from Chennai on Improving India's Municipal Public Health Services (2017)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (29 p)
    Serie: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als Gupta, Monica Das Flies Without Borders: Lessons from Chennai on Improving India's Municipal Public Health Services
    Kurzfassung: India's fast-growing cities face three key challenges in improving public health outcomes. The first is the persistence of weak links in the chain notably, slums badly underserved with basic civic services that can pose public health threats to all. Richer residents corner public resources, such as water and sanitation services, but their children's health indicators suggest they are deeply affected by contagion from the broader urban environment. The second challenge relates to devolution of services to elected bodies. Devolution works poorly for intangible and highly technical services, such as public health, where success is measured by the lack of (adverse) events. The third challenge is high fragmentation of services that directly affect health outcomes. In India, some cities have addressed these challenges more effectively than others have. This paper explores the management of municipal public health services in two major Indian metropolises with sharply contrasting health and sanitation indicators. The paper explains how Chennai mitigates these challenges through active service outreach to vulnerable populations, and a considered approach to devolution that distributes responsibilities appropriately between line agencies, technical personnel, and elected representatives. Services in Delhi are quite constrained. These policy lessons are pertinent to other Indian cities and beyond
    DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-8197
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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    Online-Ressource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 6
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Deliberative Inequality : A Text-As-Data Study Of Tamil Nadu's Village Assemblies (2017)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (49 p)
    Serie: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als Parthasarathy, Ramya Deliberative Inequality: A Text-As-Data Study Of Tamil Nadu's Village Assemblies
    Kurzfassung: The resurgence of deliberative institutions in the developing world has prompted a renewed interest in the dynamics of citizen engagement. Using text-as-data methods on an original corpus of village assembly transcripts from rural Tamil Nadu, India, this paper opens the "black box" of deliberation to examine the gendered and status-based patterns of influence. Drawing on normative theories of deliberation, this analysis identifies a set of clear empirical standards for "good" deliberation, based on an individual's ability both to speak and be heard, and uses natural language processing methods to generate these measures. The study first shows that these assemblies are not mere "talking shop" for state officials to bluster and read banal announcements, but rather, provide opportunities for citizens to challenge their elected officials, demand transparency, and provide information about authentic local development needs. Second, the study finds that across multiple measures of deliberative influence, women are at a disadvantage relative to men; women are less likely to speak, set the agenda, and receive a relevant response from state officials. Finally, the paper shows that although quotas for women on village councils have little impact on the likelihood that they speak, they do improve the likelihood that female citizens are heard
    DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-8119
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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    Online-Ressource
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  • 7
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Relief from Usury : Impact of a Community-Based Microcredit Program in Rural India (2017)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (37 p)
    Serie: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als Hoffmann, Vivian Relief from Usury: Impact of a Community-Based Microcredit Program in Rural India
    Kurzfassung: The impact of micro-credit interventions on existing credit markets is theoretically ambiguous. Previous empirical work suggests the entry of a joint-liability lender may lead to a positive impact on the informal lending rate. This paper presents the first randomized controlled trial-based evidence on this question. Households in rural Bihar, India, were offered low-cost credit through a government-led self-help group program, the rollout of which was randomized at the panchayat level. The intervention led to a dramatic 14.5 percent decline in the use of informal credit, as households substituted to lower-cost self-help group loans. Due to the program, the average rate paid on recent loans fell from 69 to 58 percent per year overall. Rates on informal loans also declined slightly. Among landless households, informal lending rates fell from 65.5 to 63.2 percent, decreasing by 40 percent the gap in rates paid by landless versus landowning households. Two years after the initiation of the program, significant positive impacts on asset ownership among landless households were apparent. Impacts on various indicators of women's empowerment were mixed, and showed no clear direction when aggregated, nor was there any impact on consumption expenditures
    DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-8021
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 8
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Using Mixed Methods in Monitoring and Evaluation : Experiences From International Development (2010)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (30 p)
    Ausgabe: 2010 World Bank eLibrary
    Paralleltitel: Woolcock, Michael Using Mixed Methods in Monitoring and Evaluation
    Kurzfassung: This paper provides an overview of the various ways in which mixing qualitative and quantitative methods could add value to monitoring and evaluating development projects. In particular it examines how qualitative methods could address some of the limitations of randomized trials and other quantitative impact evaluation methods; it also explores the importance of examining "process" in addition to "impact", distinguishing design from implementation failures, and the value of mixed methods in the real-time monitoring of projects. It concludes by suggesting topics for future research - including the use of mixed methods in constructing counterfactuals, and in conducting reasonable evaluations within severe time and budget constraints
    DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-5245
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 9
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Revisiting Between-Group Inequality Measurement : An Application To the Dynamics of Caste Inequality in Two Indian Villages (2010)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (48 p)
    Ausgabe: 2010 World Bank eLibrary
    Paralleltitel: Lanjouw, Peter Revisiting Between-Group Inequality Measurement
    Kurzfassung: Standard approaches to decomposing how much group differences contribute to inequality rarely show significant between-group inequality, and are of limited use in comparing populations with different numbers of groups. This study applies an adaptation to the standard approach that remedies these problems to longitudinal household data from two Indian villages - Palanpur in the north, and Sugao in the west. The authors find that in Palanpur the largest scheduled caste group failed to share in the gradual rise in village prosperity. This would not have emerged from standard decomposition analysis. However, in Sugao the alternative procedure did not yield any additional insights because income gains applied relatively evenly across castes
    DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-5337
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 10
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    How and why does history matter for development policy ? (2010)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (30 p)
    Ausgabe: 2010 World Bank eLibrary
    Paralleltitel: Woolcock, Michael How and why does history matter for development policy ?
    Kurzfassung: The consensus among scholars and policymakers that "institutions matter" for development has led inexorably to a conclusion that "history matters," since institutions clearly form and evolve over time. Unfortunately, however, the next logical step has not yet been taken, which is to recognize that historians (and not only economic historians) might also have useful and distinctive insights to offer. This paper endeavors to open and sustain a constructive dialogue between history - understood as both "the past" and "the discipline" - and development policy by (a) clarifying what the craft of historical scholarship entails, especially as it pertains to understanding causal mechanisms, contexts, and complex processes of institutional change; (b) providing examples of historical research that support, qualify, or challenge the most influential research (by economists and economic historians) in contemporary development policy; and (c) offering some general principles and specific implications that historians, on the basis of the distinctive content and method of their research, bring to development policy debates
    DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-5425
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
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