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  • [Washington, D.C] : World Bank  (14)
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  • 1
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 3374
    Parallel Title: Estache, Antonio Is debt replacing equity in regulated privatized infrastructure in developing countries?
    Keywords: Infrastructure (Economics) Case studies ; Privatization Case studies ; Infrastructure (Economics) Developing countries ; Case studies ; Privatization Developing countries ; Case studies
    Abstract: "Da Silva, Estache, and Jarvela describe the evolution of the financing structure of regulated privatized utilities and transport companies. To do so, they rely on a sample of 121 utilities distributed over 16 countries, and 23 transport infrastructure operators and 23 transport services operators distributed over 23 countries. The authors show that leverage rates vary significantly across sectors, with the highest rates observed in transport and the lowest in water. Moreover, they also show that the 1997 Asia crisis led operators to adjust their financial structure differently in different regions. Overall, the evidence they present shows that debt is replacing equity in financing the investment needs of utilities and transport services in developing countries. These results raise some questions as to whether the regulator's mandate should be expanded to monitor the financial structure of companies and as to whether the international community should make a stronger commitment to more transparent regulatory accounting systems. This paper--a product of the Office of the Vice President, Infrastructure Network--is part of a larger effort in the network to generate quantitative information on infrastructure"--World Bank web site
    Abstract: "Da Silva, Estache, and Jarvela describe the evolution of the financing structure of regulated privatized utilities and transport companies. To do so, they rely on a sample of 121 utilities distributed over 16 countries, and 23 transport infrastructure operators and 23 transport services operators distributed over 23 countries. The authors show that leverage rates vary significantly across sectors, with the highest rates observed in transport and the lowest in water. Moreover, they also show that the 1997 Asia crisis led operators to adjust their financial structure differently in different regions. Overall, the evidence they present shows that debt is replacing equity in financing the investment needs of utilities and transport services in developing countries. These results raise some questions as to whether the regulator's mandate should be expanded to monitor the financial structure of companies and as to whether the international community should make a stronger commitment to more transparent regulatory accounting systems. This paper--a product of the Office of the Vice President, Infrastructure Network--is part of a larger effort in the network to generate quantitative information on infrastructure"--World Bank web site
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 9/9/2004 , Also available in print.
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 2
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 3442
    Parallel Title: Estache, Antonio Emerging infrastructure policy issues in developing countries
    Keywords: Infrastructure (Economics) ; Poor ; Infrastructure (Economics) ; Poor
    Abstract: "Estache reviews the recent economic research on emerging issues for infrastructure policies affecting poor people in developing countries. His main purpose is to identify some of the challenges the international community, and donors in particular, are likely to have to address over the next few years. He addresses six main issues: (1) the necessity of infrastructure in achieving the Millennium Development Goals; (2) the various dimensions of financing challenges for infrastructure; (3) the debate on the relative importance of urban and rural infrastructure needs; (4) the debate on the effectiveness of infrastructure decentralization; (5) what works and what does not when trying to target the needs of the poor, with an emphasis on affordability and regulation challenges; and (6) the importance of governance and corruption in the sector. The author concludes by showing how the challenges identified define a relatively well integrated agenda for both researchers and the international infrastructure community. This paper,a product of the Office of the Vice President, Infrastructure Network,is part of a larger effort in the network to stimulate more analytical assessments of emerging issues in the sector"--World Bank web site
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 11/17/2004 , Also available in print.
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 3
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 3470
    Parallel Title: Estache, Antonio Ppi partnerships versus ppi divorces in developing countries (or are we switching from pppi to ppdi?)
    Keywords: Infrastructure (Economics) ; Privatization ; Public-private sector cooperation ; Infrastructure (Economics) ; Privatization ; Public-private sector cooperation
    Abstract: "Thirty years ago, in 1974, Chile launched the first large-scale privatization in a developing country. About 15 years later, Argentina provided a new model of global infrastructure management. Since then a variety of public-private partnerships in infrastructure have been adopted throughout the developing and transition world. These experiences add up to a large and heterogeneous enough sample of experiences from which some fairly robust conclusions on who benefited from the reforms and who did not. Because many of these experiences are also turning sour and the 'privatization' fad of the 1990s seems to be turning into an 'antiprivatization' fad, it seems important to separate facts from emotions. Estache argues that the wide differences in interpretations of the facts can be explained by wide differences in the assessment criteria used by analysts, including the definition of the baseline data chosen to assess the incremental effect of reforms. It is also driven by the sectors, the regions, and probably most important, the actors on which the analysis tends to focus. Once all these factors have been considered, a relatively fair and quantitative assessment of the prospects of the public-private relationship in infrastructure is possible. This paper--a product of the Office of the Vice President, Infrastructure Network--is part of a larger effort in the network to stimulate a debate on the effectiveness of infrastructure reforms"--World Bank web site
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 1/3/2005 , Also available in print.
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 4
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 3514
    Parallel Title: Trujillo, Lourdes Infrastructure performance and reform in developing and transition economies
    Keywords: Industrial productivity Case studies ; Infrastructure (Economics) Case studies ; Industrial productivity Case studies ; Infrastructure (Economics) Case studies
    Abstract: "Estache, Perelman, and Trujillo review about 80 studies on electricity and gas, water and sanitation, and rail and ports (with a footnote on telecommunications) in developing countries. The main policy lesson is that there is a difference in the relevance of ownership for efficiency between utilities and transport in developing countries. In transport, private operators have tended to perform better than public operators. For utilities, ownership often does not matter as much as sometimes argued. Most cross-country studies find no statistically significant difference in efficiency scores between public and private providers. As for the country-specific studies, some do find differences in performance over time but these differences tend to matter much less than a large number of other variables. Across sectors, private operators functioning in a competitive environment or regulated under price caps or hybrid regulatory regimes tend to catch up best practice faster than public operators. There is a very strong case to push regulators in developing and transition economies toward a more systematic reliance on yardstick competition in a sector in which residual monopoly powers tend to be common. This paper--a product of the Office of the Vice President, Infrastructure Network--is part of a larger effort in the network to document the state of the sector"--World Bank web site
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 2/9/2005 , Also available in print.
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 5
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 3373
    Parallel Title: Estache, Antonio Are returns to private infrastructure in developing countries consistent with risks since the Asian crisis?
    Keywords: Business cycles ; Infrastructure (Economics) ; Business cycles ; Infrastructure (Economics)
    Abstract: "Estache and Pinglo present a basic assessment of the financial performance of infrastructure service operators in developing countries. They rely on a new database of 120 companies put together to track the evolution of the cost of capital, the cost of equity, and the return of equity for electricity, water and sanitation, railways, and port operators in 32 developing countries distributed evenly across low-income, low-middle-income, and upper-middle-income countries. The authors show that between 1998 and 2002, the average cost of capital in developing countries varied from less than 11 percent to over 15 percent across regions and sectors, while the cost of equity varied from around 13 percent to over 22 percent. Low-middle-income countries have recovered relatively well from the East Asia crisis, while low-income and upper-middle-income countries have seen their situation deteriorate since the crisis. At the regional level, the main story is that East Asia is recovering quite well from its crisis, and that the financial performance of the operators in Africa and Latin America has deteriorated. Eastern Europe and South Asia are doing relatively better but show a large volatility of returns over time and within sectors. At the sector level, the railways and the energy sectors have seen their performance deteriorate significantly over the period, while the water and port sectors have done relatively better. In all sectors and regions, the average return to equity has been lower than the cost of equity since the Asian crisis. This paper--a product of the Office of the Vice President, Infrastructure Network--is part of a larger effort in the network to generate quantitative information on infrastructure"--World Bank web site
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 9/9/2004 , Also available in print.
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    [Washington, D.C] : World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 3513
    Parallel Title: Benitez, Daniel A How concentrated are global infrastructure markets?
    Keywords: Globalization ; Infrastructure (Economics) ; Globalization ; Infrastructure (Economics)
    Abstract: "In infrastructure, the possibility of a positive relationship between operators' profitability and the degree of concentration is a major political issue in view of the wide diversity of feelings about the potential role of the private sector. This is particularly important because of (1) the large residual degree of monopolies, (2) the protection they are granted through exclusivity clauses built in service delivery contracts, and (3) the widespread sense that the same operators tend to be present in most of the privatized operations. The main purpose of this paper is to provide a first set of quantitative assessments of the degree of concentration in infrastructure at the global and the regional levels. Concentration issues were identified in only about 20 percent of the cases studied, and a presumption of concentration was found in another 30 percent of the cases. Benitez and Estache find no correlation between the degree of concentration and the degree of reform adopted by a region or a sector. In more general terms, they find no scope for simple encompassing regional or sectoral statements because issues are region- and sector-specific. The authors conclude by arguing that there are a few cases and regions in which it would make sense for a supranational competition or regulation agency to ensure that the interests of the users are protected more effectively against the risks of collusion and other types of anti-competitive behaviors local regulators would not be equipped to address. This paper--a product of the Office of the Vice President, Infrastructure Network--is part of a larger effort in the network to document the state of the sector"--World Bank web site
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 2/9/2005 , Also available in print.
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 7
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 3356
    Parallel Title: Estache, Antonio Where do we stand on transport infrastructure deregulation and public-private partnership?
    Keywords: Public-private sector cooperation ; Transportation Deregulation ; Public-private sector cooperation ; Transportation Deregulation
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 7/9/2004 , Also available in print.
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 8
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 3468
    Parallel Title: Briceño-Garmendia, Cecilia Infrastructure services in developing countries
    Keywords: Infrastructure (Economics) ; Public investments ; Infrastructure (Economics) ; Public investments
    Abstract: "Briceno, Estache, and Shafik review the evidence on the state of infrastructure in the developing world, emphasizing the investment needs and the emerging policy issues. While their assessment is seriously constrained by data gaps, they provide useful insights on the main challenges ahead, emphasizing that, in addition to the widely discussed access problems, the poorest also face major affordability and service quality issues which were not well addressed by the reforms of the 1990s. The authors make a case for a stronger commitment of the international community to generate the information needed to assess and monitor infrastructure needs and policies. This paper--a product of the Office of the Vice President, Infrastructure Network--is part of a larger effort in the network to upgrade economic and policy work in infrastructure"--World Bank web site
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 1/3/2005 , Also available in print.
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 9
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 3420
    Parallel Title: Estache, Antonio Have consumers benefited from the reforms in the electricity distribution sector in Latin America?
    Keywords: Infrastructure (Economics) ; Infrastructure (Economics)
    Abstract: "Estache and Rossi bring new empirical evidence on the impact of the choice of ownership and regulatory regime on firms' productivity and prices paid by consumers. They collect the evidence from a sample of electricity distribution companies in Latin America. The authors rely on estimations of labor and operation and maintenance (O&M) input requirement functions using alternative econometric approaches. Their main conclusions are: Private firms perform better (approximately 30 percent) than public firms. The regulatory regimes matter, so that price-cap regulated firms do better than rate-of-return regulated firms, and firms regulated under hybrid regimes have intermediate performance. Private firms operating under rate of return are at most as efficient as public firms. There is no clear pattern of differences in electricity prices according to the regulatory regime. Final prices fell in general but the drop did not match the productivity gains, implying that the operators and the state share some of the gains in the form of rents and higher tax revenue, respectively. This paper--a product of the Office of the Vice President, Infrastructure Network--is part of a larger effort in the network to promote analytical work on emerging policy issues in infrastructure service delivery"--World Bank web site
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 10/1/2004 , Also available in print.
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 10
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 3421
    Parallel Title: Laffont, Jean-Jacques Universal service obligations in developing countries
    Keywords: Infrastructure (Economics) ; Infrastructure (Economics)
    Abstract: "Estache, Laffont, and Zhang develop a model to analyze the effects of asymmetric information on optimal universal service policy in the public utilities of developing countries. Optimal universal service policy is implemented using two regulatory instruments pricing and network investment. Under discriminatory pricing, asymmetric information leads to a higher price and smaller network in the rural area than under full information. Under uniform pricing, the price is lower but the network is even smaller. In addition, under both pricing regimes, not only the firm but also taxpayers have incentives to collude with the regulator. This paper a product of the Office of the Vice President, Infrastructure Network is part of a larger effort in the network to promote analytical work on emerging policy issues in infrastructure service delivery"--World Bank web site
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 10/1/2004 , Also available in print.
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
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