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  • MPI Ethno. Forsch.  (14)
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  • 1
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Trust in Government and Support for Redistribution (2016)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (37 p)
    Serie: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als Silva, Joana Trust in Government and Support for Redistribution
    Kurzfassung: In many countries safety nets consist predominantly of universal subsidies on food and fuel. A key question for policy makers willing to shift to targeted safety nets is under what conditions middle-class citizens would be supportive of redistributive programs. Results from a behavioral experiment based on a nationally representative sample in Jordan reveal that increasing transparency in benefit delivery makes middle-class citizens (particularly among the youth and low-trust individuals) more willing to forgo their own welfare to benefit the poor. Moreover, increasing transparency enhances the relative support for cash-based safety nets, which have greater impact on poverty compared with in-kind transfers, but may be perceived as more prone to elite capture
    DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-7675
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 2
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Inclusion and resilience : the way forward for social safety nets in the Middle East and North Africa (2013)
    Washington, DC : World Bank
    Details
    ISBN: 9780821397718
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (xxxi, 272 Seiten) , illustrations
    Serie: MENA development report
    DDC: 306.0956
    Schlagwort(e): Online-Publikation ; Online-Publikation ; Online-Publikation
    Anmerkung: Includes bibliographical references , PrefaceAcknowledgments -- Abbreviations -- Executive summary -- The framework for SSN reform in MENA -- The challenge : poverty, exclusion, and vulnerability to shocks -- The current state of social safety nets in MENA -- The political economy of SSN reforms : MENA speaks! -- The way forward : how to make MENA safety nets more effective and innovative -- Annex 1.1: Posters presenting global showcase of best practice in SSN -- Annex 2.1: Demographic statistics and poverty incidence for selected mena countries -- Annex 2.2: Description of the data used for the micro-analysis -- Annex 3.1: Methodological annex -- Annex 3.2: Non-subsidy SSN programs included in household survey assessment -- Annex 3.3: SSN programs in MENA SSN inventory -- Annex 4.1: MENA speaks questionnaire -- Annex 4.2: Awareness of programs and subsidies
    DOI: 10.1596/978-0-8213-9771-8
    URL: Volltext  (URL des Erstveröffentlichers)
    URL: Volltext  (URL des Erstveröffentlichers)
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
    URL: Volltext  (URL des Erstveröffentlichers)
    URL: kostenfrei
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 3
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Chapter Genomes (2016)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : Springer Nature
    Details
    ISBN: 9783709114155 , 9783709148792
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (37 p.)
    Schlagwort(e): Medical parasitology
    Kurzfassung: In the last decade, the rise of affordable affordable high-throughput sequencing technologies has led to rapid advances across the biological sciences. At the time of writing, annotated reference genomes are available within most clades of eukaryotic pathogens, and including un-annotated sequences over 550 genomes are available in total. This This has greatly facilitated studies in many areas of parasitology. In addition, the volume of functional genomics data, including analysis of differential differential transcription and DNA-protein interactions, has increased exponentially. With this unprecedented increase in publicly available data, tools to search and compare datasets are also becoming ever more important. A number of database resources are available, and access to these has become fundamental for a majority of research groups. This This chapter discusses the current state of genomics research for a number of eukaryotic parasites, discussing the genome and functional genomics resources available at the time of writing and highlighting functionally important or unique aspects of the genome for each group. In addition publicly accessible database resources pertaining to eukaryotic parasites are also discussed
    Anmerkung: English
    URL: kostenfrei
    URL: kostenfrei
    URL: kostenfrei
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    Online-Ressource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 4
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Balancing Act : Jobs and Wages in the Middle East and North Africa When Crises Hit (2023)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (55 pages)
    Serie: Middle East and North Africa Economic Update
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Schlagwort(e): Adjustments ; Covid-19 ; Currency Depreciations ; Growth ; Inflation ; Jobs ; Labor Markets ; MENA ; Middle East ; Middle East and North Africa ; North Africa ; Shocks ; Terms of Trade ; Wages
    Kurzfassung: Covid-19. The Russian invasion of Ukraine. Commodity price volatility. The rise of global inflation and interest rates. Currency depreciations among indebted middle-income economies. And now, natural disasters. As a sequence of events, the consequences can be both tragic and long-lasting. After analyzing the macroeconomic prospects of the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) Region, this edition of the regional Economic Update assesses the human toll of macroeconomic shocks in terms of lost jobs and deteriorating livelihoods of the people of MENA. Growth is forecast to decelerate in 2023 after experiencing an oil-price induced growth spurt in 2022 among the high-income oil exporters of the region. Yet as the region continues to recover from the impact of the COVID-19 shock and navigates the heightened volatility in its terms of trade, the region's labor force is contending with the ramifications for their livelihoods of the inflationary pressures associated with currency fluctuations in some countries. The authors estimate that the macroeconomic shocks of 2020-22 led to an additional 5.1 million individuals becoming unemployed in MENA. Will these shocks permanently scar the hard-working people of MENA? The report answers this question by highlighting the trade-offs facing labor markets when facing macroeconomic shocks. A critical trade-off pertains to the loss of jobs versus decreases in real incomes, neither of which is desirable. The report advocates for maintaining the flexibility of real wages and discusses policy options to support the most vulnerable
    URL: Deutschlandweit zugänglich
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  • 5
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Adjusting to Transitory Shocks : Worker Impact, Firm Channels, and (Lack of) Income Support (2023)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (63 pages)
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als Fernandes, Ana Margarida Adjusting to Transitory Shocks: Worker Impact, Firm Channels, and (Lack of) Income Support
    Schlagwort(e): Cash Transfers ; Employment ; Export Shocks ; Impact of Foreign Shocks ; Man ; Social Protections and Labor, Safety Nets and Transfers, Global Financial Crisis ; Wages ; Worker Skills
    Kurzfassung: This paper estimates worker and firm impacts of foreign shocks, and the income support provided by assistance programs. It exploits quasi-experimental variation in firms' foreign demand resulting from the global financial crisis, using employer-employee data for Brazil in 2004-2017, linked with firm customs and financial data, and administrative data covering the universe of cash transfer, unemployment insurance, and training beneficiaries. Negative employment effects take over a decade to dissipate fully, wage effects persist, and firm restructuring involves occupational adjustment, increasing permanently skilled workers while reducing unskilled workers. Brazilian workers suffer smaller employment losses in highly informal locations and concentrated sectors. Underlying labor scarring is firm scarring caused by selection (exit) and (revenue, employment and productivity) downsizing. Unemployment insurance and cash transfers yield limited wage loss replacement (6 percent). Training does not increase. The evidence shows that a temporary shock induces persistent effects: firm restructuring scars incumbent workers and increases long-run inequality. Firm scarring may be even more severe in less flexible labor markets. Using data from Ecuador, analysis finds that firms do not adjust workforce composition, but they permanently reduce capital which increases scarring
    DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-10448
    URL: Deutschlandweit zugänglich
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  • 6
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Sustaining employment and wage gains in Brazil : a skills and jobs agenda (2015)
    Washington, DC : World Bank Group
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (172 pages)
    Serie: Directions in Development - Human Development
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Schlagwort(e): Arbeitsmarkt ; Arbeitsmarktpolitik ; Qualifikation ; Bildungspolitik ; Industriepolitik ; Lohn ; Arbeitsnachfrage ; Arbeitslosigkeit ; Brasilien ; Development ; Employment ; Inclusion ; Jobs ; Poverty ; Productivity ; Skills ; Workforce
    Kurzfassung: In the past 15 years, employment, labor market participation, and wages have grown significantly in Brazil. Improved labor market outcomes have been the main drivers of reductions in poverty and inequality. Sustaining Employment and Wage Gains in Brazil: A Skills and Jobs Agenda analyzes Brazil's labor markets and identifies the key challenges involved in sustaining job creation, wage growth, and poverty reduction. The work finds that continued progress in employment and labor earnings will depend on the country's ability to achieve a first critical goal: raise labor productivity. Continued improvements in the livelihoods of the poor will depend on achieving a second critical goal: connecting the poor to better, more productive jobs. In light of these goals, the report discusses reforms of program design and implementation in the following policy areas: (a) skills development (including through the flagship training program, PRONATEC); (b) unemployment insurance and other labor market regulations; (c) active labor market programs, including the National Employment System and entrepreneurship support; and (d) productive inclusion programs that, by promoting employability or income-earning opportunities for the poorest segments of the population in new ways, can help connect the poor to better, more productive jobs. The report reviews existing interventions in these four policy areas and proposes an agenda of incremental policy changes that could more effectively support the two critical goals. It also illustrates how other countries have dealt with similar challenges. As the report emphasizes, an essential first step will be to strengthen monitoring and evaluation systems to measure results by tracking programs' effects on labor market outcomes and using that information to inform program expansion. It also describes specific opportunities in each policy area to better coordinate programs with private sector demands and across policies, while also adapting them to improve the results for the urban and rural poor
    URL: Deutschlandweit zugänglich
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  • 7
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Collapse and Recovery : How the covid-19 pandemic eroded human capital and what to do about it (2023)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    ISBN: 9781464819018
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (pages cm)
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Kurzfassung: The COVID-19 pandemic has dealt a severe blow to human capital. This report presents new evidence and analysis to provide a comprehensive diagnostic of the effects of the pandemic on human capital outcomes and identify promising policy responses for governments faced with the task of rebuilding human capital in the wake of the pandemic. The report identifies the mechanisms through which COVID-19 affected the human capital of people at different points in the life cycle and provides estimates of the magnitude of these losses. This analysis underlines differences in impact across countries and groups within countries to understand how the reported blow on human capital has been unequal, exacerbating existing gaps and creating new ones. Grounded in the diagnostic, the report discusses policy responses that attend to afflicted groups in the short-term as well as the medium- to long-term agenda to build back better human capital and make systems more resilient. The long-term policy discussion recognizes COVID-19 as an inflection point, using the opportunity to reimagine systems and institutions, thinking in a completely different way about some key issues. In conclusion, the report reflects on what we have learned from failed policy responses as well as the innovations that proved successful across sectors in preventing or mitigating human capital losses associated with the COVID-19 crisis, and how these lessons can be incorporated across sectors going forward"--
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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  • 8
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    International competition, returns to skill, and labor market adjustment (2018)
    Washington, D.C. : World Bank Group, Latin America and the Caribbean Region, Office of the Chief Economist
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 30 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: Policy research working paper 8365
    Serie: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Serie: Policy research working paper
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als Falvey, Rod International Competition, Returns to Skill, and Labor Market Adjustment
    Schlagwort(e): Außenhandel ; Fachkräfte ; Arbeitsmarktpolitik ; Portugal ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: Does increased import competition lead to higher returns to skill within an industry and, therefore, to greater incentives for skill acquisition? Does it also induce skill upgrading by the industry's existing workforce? To answer these questions, this paper follows individual workers across skills/occupations, firms, and industries using a longitudinal matched employer-employee data set covering all workers and firms in Portugal over 1986-2000. To identify the effects of international competition the analysis uses two exogenous measures of changes in international competition at the industry level. The first is a quasi-natural experiment based on the strong appreciation of the Portuguese currency during 1989-1992 and preexisting differences in trade exposure across industries in a differences-in-differences estimation. The second is source-weighted real exchange rates defined at the industry level. Based on both empirical strategies, and two definitions of skill, the paper shows that international competition increases returns to skill and induces skill/occupation upgrading within industries
    DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-8365
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
    URL: Deutschlandweit zugänglich
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  • 9
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Export Destinations and Input Prices (2014)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (48 p)
    Ausgabe: 2014 World Bank eLibrary
    Paralleltitel: Bastos, Paulo Export Destinations and Input Prices
    Schlagwort(e): Exportwirtschaft ; Internationaler Markt ; Vermögen ; Produktqualität ; Vorleistungen ; Preis ; Portugal
    Kurzfassung: This paper examines the extent to which the destination of exports matters for the input prices paid by firms, using detailed customs and firm-product-level data from Portugal. The authors use exchange rate movements as a source of variation in export destinations and find that exporting to richer countries leads firms to charge more for outputs and pay higher prices for inputs, other things equal. The results are supportive of the hypothesis that an exogenous increase in average destination income leads firms to raise the average quality of goods they produce and to purchase higher-quality inputs
    DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-6914
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 10
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Exports and Job Training (2016)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (36 p)
    Serie: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als Bastos, Paulo Exports and Job Training
    Kurzfassung: This paper examines whether export participation matters for job training. The paper draws on longitudinal worker-firm data for Brazilian manufacturing, linked with detailed records on training activity from the main provider. The analysis uses industry-specific exchange rate movements to generate exogenous variation in export status at the firm-level. The findings indicate that export participation tends to increase the share of workers who receive technical upgrading. The results also reveal that technical upgrading has positive returns to trainees within exporting firms. These findings support the hypothesis that exporting requires skill upgrading, and suggest that this is partially achieved by training firms' existing workforce
    DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-7676
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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