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  • MPI Ethno. Forsch.  (11)
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  • MPI Ethno. Forsch.  (11)
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  • 1
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    The Impact of Trade Openness on Institutions (2016)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource
    Serie: World Development Report Background Papers
    Serie: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Kurzfassung: The impact of opening to trade on economic institutions is likely to be multifaceted and depend crucially on country-specific circumstances. In the past decade an active body of research has studied this relationship. This framework makes is especially clear why international trade opening has the potential to transform institutions. What is needed to effect institutional change is a large and discrete change in the distribution of economic resources in society. These papers draw attention to the distribution of political power as the determinant of how institutions react to trade opening. If "rent seekers" are in power when trade opening occurs, international trade often enables them to increase their rent-seeking behavior and institutions deteriorate. If productive agents are in power, the opposite occurs. Thus, these models point to the possibility of a divergence in institutions as countries open to trade
    DOI: 10.1596/26214
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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    Online-Ressource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 2
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    The price elasticity of African elephant poaching (2018)
    Washington, D.C. : World Bank Group, Development Research Group, Poverty and Inequality Team
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 35 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: Policy research working paper 8335
    Serie: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Serie: Policy research working paper
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als Do, Quy-Toan The Price Elasticity of African Elephant Poaching
    Schlagwort(e): Wildtiere ; Jagd ; Preiselastizität ; Afrika ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: This paper estimates the elasticity of elephant poaching with respect to prices. To identify the supply curve, the authors observe that ivory is a storable commodity and hence subject to Hotelling's no-arbitrage condition. The price of gold, one of many commodities used as stores of value, is thus used as an instrument for ivory prices. The supply of illegal ivory is found to be price-inelastic with an elasticity of 0.4, with changes in consumer prices passing through to prices faced by producers at a rate close to unity. The paper briefly discusses what an inelastic supply implies for elephant conservation policies
    DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-8335
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
    URL: Deutschlandweit zugänglich
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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    Online-Ressource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 3
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Engendering Trade (2011)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (42 p)
    Ausgabe: 2011 World Bank eLibrary
    Paralleltitel: Do, Quy-Toan Engendering Trade
    Kurzfassung: The authors analyze the interaction between a country's world market integration and its attitude towards gender roles. They discuss both theoretically and empirically how female empowerment is a source of comparative advantage that shapes a country's response to trade opening. Reciprocally, the authors show that as countries integrate into the world economy, the costs and benefits of gender discrimination shift. Their theory goes beyond a potential aggregate wealth effect associated with trade opening, and emphasizes the heterogeneity of impacts. On the one hand, countries in which women are empowered-measured by fertility rates, female labor force participation or female schooling-experience an expansion of industries that use female labor relatively more intensively. On the other hand, the gender gap is smaller in countries that export more in relatively female-labor intensive sectors. In an increasingly globalized economy, the road to gender equality is paradoxically very specific to each country's productive structure and exposure to world markets
    DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-5777
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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    Online-Ressource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 4
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Trade Policy and Redistribution When Preferences Are Non-Homothetic (2017)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (16 p)
    Serie: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als Do, Quy-Toan Trade Policy and Redistribution When Preferences Are Non-Homothetic
    Kurzfassung: This paper compares redistribution through trade restrictions versus domestic lump-sum transfers. When preferences are non-homothetic, even domestic lump-sum transfers affect relative prices. Thus, contrary to the conventional wisdom, domestic lump-sum transfers are not necessarily superior to distortionary trade policy. The paper develops this argument in the context of the food export bans imposed by many developing countries in the late 2000s
    DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-8005
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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    Online-Ressource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 5
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    The globalization of refugee flows (2020)
    [Washington, DC, USA] : World Bank Group, Fragility, Conflict and Violence Global Theme & Development Economics Development Research Group
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 21 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: Policy research working paper 9206
    Serie: Policy research working paper
    Schlagwort(e): Graue Literatur
    DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-9206
    URL: Deutschlandweit zugänglich
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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    Online-Ressource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 6
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Trade Insulation as Social Protection (2013)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (26 p)
    Ausgabe: 2013 World Bank eLibrary
    Paralleltitel: Quy-Toan Do Trade Insulation as Social Protection
    Kurzfassung: In a world with volatile food prices, countries have an incentive to shelter their populations from induced real income shocks. When some agents are net food producers while others are net consumers, there is scope for insurance between the two groups. A domestic social protection scheme would therefore transfer resources away from the former group to the latter in times of high food prices, and do the reverse otherwise. This paper shows that in the presence of consumer preference heterogeneity, implementing the optimal social protection policy can potentially induce higher food price volatility. Such policy indeed generates a counter-cyclical demand shock that amplifies the effects of the underlying food shortage. The results call for a reassessment of food stabilization policies. In particular, the authors urge caution against the systematic condemnation of trade insulation practices
    DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-6448
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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    Online-Ressource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 7
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Comparative Advantage, International Trade, and Fertility (2014)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (55 p)
    Ausgabe: 2014 World Bank eLibrary
    Paralleltitel: Do, Quy-Toan Comparative Advantage, International Trade, and Fertility
    Kurzfassung: This paper analyzes theoretically and empirically the impact of comparative advantage in international trade on fertility. It builds a model in which industries differ in the extent to which they use female relative to male labor and countries are characterized by Ricardian comparative advantage in either female labor or male labor intensive goods. The main prediction of the model is that countries with comparative advantage in female labor intensive goods are characterized by lower fertility. This is because female wages and therefore the opportunity cost of children are higher in those countries. The paper demonstrates empirically that countries with comparative advantage in industries employing primarily women exhibit lower fertility. The analysis uses a geography-based instrument for trade patterns to isolate the causal effect of comparative advantage on fertility
    DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-6930
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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    Online-Ressource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 8
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Growth and risk : a view from international trade (2020)
    [Washington, DC, USA] : World Bank Group, Equitable Growth, Finance and Institutions Practice Group, Office of the Chief Economist
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 25 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: Policy research working paper 9296
    Serie: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Serie: Policy research working paper
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als Krishna, Pravin Growth and Risk: A View from International Trade
    Schlagwort(e): Produktqualität ; Produktion ; Export ; Risiko ; Finanzmarkt ; Wirtschaftswachstum ; Außenhandel ; Theorie ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: This paper studies the cross-country patterns of risky innovation and growth through the lens of international trade. It uses a simple theoretical framework of risky quality upgrading by firms under varying levels of financial development to derive two predictions. First, the mean rate of quality growth and the corresponding cross-sectional variance of quality growth in a country are positively correlated. Second, both the mean and variance of quality changes are positively correlated with the country's level of financial development. The paper tests these two hypotheses using data on disaggregated (Harmonized System 10- digit) bilateral exports to the United States. The patterns in the data are consistent with the theory. The mean and the variance of quality growth are strongly positively correlated with each other. Countries with greater financial depth are systematically characterized by higher mean and higher variance in the growth of product quality. The findings suggest a mean-variance trade-off in product quality improvements along the development path. Increases in financial depth do not imply lower variability of changes in the product space
    DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-9296
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
    URL: Deutschlandweit zugänglich
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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    Online-Ressource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 9
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    The Intergenerational Mortality Tradeoff of COVID-19 Lockdown Policies (2021)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (55 pages)
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als Print Version: Ma, Lin The Intergenerational Mortality Tradeoff of COVID-19 Lockdown Policies
    Kurzfassung: In lower-income countries, the economic contractions that accompany lockdowns to contain the spread of COVID-19 can increase child mortality, counteracting the mortality reductions achieved by the lockdown. To formalize and quantify this effect, this paper builds a macro-susceptible-infected-recovered model that features heterogeneous agents and a country-group-specific relationship between economic downturns and child mortality. The model is calibrated to data for 85 countries across all income levels. The findings show that in low-income countries, a lockdown can potentially lead to 1.76 children's lives lost due to the economic contraction per COVID-19 fatality averted. The figure stands at 0.59 and 0.06 in lower-middle-income and upper-middle-income countries, respectively. As a result, in some countries, lockdowns can produce net increases in mortality. The optimal lockdowns are shorter and milder in poorer countries than in rich ones and never produce a net mortality increase
    DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-9677
    URL: Deutschlandweit zugänglich
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 10
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Trade and Financial Development (2004)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (30 p.))
    Ausgabe: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Paralleltitel: Do, Quy-Toan Trade and Financial Development
    Schlagwort(e): Comparative Advantage ; Cred Development ; Debt Markets ; Economic Theory and Research ; Economy ; Emerging Markets ; Equilibrium ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Financial Sector ; GDP ; Goods ; Income ; Increasing Returns ; Increasing Returns To Scale ; International Trade ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Private Sector Development ; Comparative Advantage ; Cred Development ; Debt Markets ; Economic Theory and Research ; Economy ; Emerging Markets ; Equilibrium ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Financial Sector ; GDP ; Goods ; Income ; Increasing Returns ; Increasing Returns To Scale ; International Trade ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Private Sector Development ; Comparative Advantage ; Cred Development ; Debt Markets ; Economic Theory and Research ; Economy ; Emerging Markets ; Equilibrium ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Financial Sector ; GDP ; Goods ; Income ; Increasing Returns ; Increasing Returns To Scale ; International Trade ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Private Sector Development
    Kurzfassung: The differences in financial systems between industrial and developing countries are pronounced. It has been observed, both theoretically and empirically, that the differences in countries' financial systems are a source of comparative advantage in trade. Do and Levchenko point out that to the extent a country's financial development is endogenous, it will in turn be influenced by trade. They build a model in which a country's financial development is an equilibrium outcome of the economy's productive structure: in countries with large financially intensive sectors, financial systems are more developed. When a wealthy and a poor country open to trade, the financially dependent sectors grow in the wealthy country, and so does the financial system. By contrast, as the financially intensive sectors shrink in the poor country, demand for external finance decreases and the domestic financial system deteriorates. The authors test their model using data on financial development for a sample of 77 countries. They find that the main predictions of the model are borne out in the data: trade openness is associated with faster financial development in wealthier countries, and with slower financial development in poorer ones. This paper—a product of the Development Research Group—is part of a larger effort in the group to investigate the relation between finance and trade
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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    Online-Ressource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
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