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  • 1
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (56 p.))
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Packard, Truman G Do Workers In Chile Choose Informal Employment?
    Keywords: Income security ; Informal Employment ; Informal sector ; Jobs ; Labor Economics ; Labor Market ; Labor Markets ; Labor Markets ; Labor Policies ; Safety Net ; Social Protections and Labor ; Wage Differentials ; Workers ; Income security ; Informal Employment ; Informal sector ; Jobs ; Labor Economics ; Labor Market ; Labor Markets ; Labor Markets ; Labor Policies ; Safety Net ; Social Protections and Labor ; Wage Differentials ; Workers ; Income security ; Informal Employment ; Informal sector ; Jobs ; Labor Economics ; Labor Market ; Labor Markets ; Labor Markets ; Labor Policies ; Safety Net ; Social Protections and Labor ; Wage Differentials ; Workers
    Abstract: The degree to which a labor market is segmented and jobs in the formal sector of the economy are rationed is critical to the analysis of coverage of social insurance and pensions. Using unique panel data spanning the 1998-99 contraction in Chile, the author finds little evidence that self-employment is the residual sector of a dualistic labor market, as is often depicted in the literature. Data on transitions between sectors show that self-employment is not a free-entry sector, and that entrepreneurs can be "pushed" out of self-employment just as others are pushed out of formal employment during economic downturns. But employment without a contract does exhibit many of the features of the free-entry, employment safety net depicted in the dualistic literature. An annex to this paper presents supportive evidence from static analysis of selection-corrected wage differentials and a comment on the drawbacks of this approach
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  • 2
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (31 p)
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Packard, Truman G Labor Policy and Digital Technology Use: Indicative Evidence from Cross-Country Correlations
    Abstract: This paper exploits variation in country-level indicators drawn from published data to analyze the relationship between labor regulation and the use of digital technology. The analysis shows a statistically and economically significant association between digital technology use by firms and a country's statutory minimum wage and employment protection regulations. The results are robust to the inclusion of controls for level of development, economic stability, available infrastructure, and trade openness. To ensure the broadest country coverage, the paper develops new indexes of employment protection, using the World Bank's Doing Business indicators, which allow several aspects of labor market regulation-such as restrictions on hours and hiring, dismissal procedures, and severance costs-to be analyzed separately
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, DC : World Bank
    ISBN: 9781464800054
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (332 p)
    Edition: World Bank eLibrary
    Series Statement: World Bank East Asia and Pacific Regional Report
    RVK:
    RVK:
    Keywords: Arbeitsmarkt ; Erwerbstätigkeit ; Humankapital ; Ostasien ; Asiatisch-pazifischer Raum
    Abstract: The unprecedented progress of East Asia Pacific is a triumph of working people. Countries that were low-income a generation ago successfully integrated into the global value chain, exploiting their labor-cost advantage. In 1990, the region held about one-third of the world's labor force. Leveraging this comparative advantage, the share of global GDP of emerging economies in East Asia Pacific grew from 7 percent in 1992 to 17 percent in 2011. Yet the region now fi nds itself at a critical juncture. Work and its contribution to growth and well-being can no longer be taken for granted. Labor's share of national income has been declining across most of the region. The challenges range from high youth inactivity and rising inequality to binding skills shortages and lagging infrastructure. A key underlying issue is pervasive and persistent economic informality, despite rapid urbanization, which constrains innovation and productivity, limits the tax base, and increases household vulnerability to shocks. Informality is a consequence of both strict labor regulations and limited enforcement capacity. In several countries, de jure employment regulations are more stringent than in many parts of southern Europe. Even labor regulations set at reasonable levels but poorly implemented can exacerbate the market failures they were designed to overcome. Aggravating these failures further are underinvestment in transportation infrastructure and poor urban planning, limited access to finance for investment and growth, and the failure of the skills-supply system to keep up with the changing demands of modern market economies. 〈i〉East Asia Pacific At Work〈/i〉 argues that governments in the region will have to actively help markets sustain the well-being that people can expect from work. The appropriate policy responses to these challenges are to ensure macroeconomic stability and a regulatory framework that encourages the vitality and growth of, in particular, small- and medium-size enterprises, where most people in the region work. The countries that are still mostly agrarian will need to focus more on raising agricultural productivity, a vital but often overlooked step in the process of structural transformation. In urbanizing countries, effective urban planning becomes critical, and better management and functioning of land markets, transportation infrastructure, and delivery of services will loosen constraints on the demand for labor and human capital. The most important in ...
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  • 4
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (36 p)
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Schmillen, Achim D Vietnam's Labor Market Institutions, Regulations, and Interventions : Helping People Grasp Work Opportunities in a Risky World
    Abstract: Over the past 30 years, Vietnam has experienced significant shifts of employment away from agriculture toward manufacturing and services, away from household enterprises toward registered and regulated businesses, and away from state-owned enterprises toward private firms. This paper argues that for these processes to continue in the future, appropriately designed and implemented labor market policies need to be in place, including labor market regulations that protect workers but o not inhibit creative destruction and creation of formal sector jobs; labor market interventions that improve workers' human capital, eliminate information asymmetries, and are fiscally sustainable; and labor market institutions that give voice to workers and employers. As a part of all of these measures, Vietnam will also have to renew its efforts to integrate vulnerable groups into the labor market
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