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  • 1
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 55 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 8329
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Tiwari, Sailesh South Caucasus in Motion: Economic and Social Mobility in Armenia, Azerbaijan, and Georgia
    Keywords: Soziale Mobilität ; Armenien ; Aserbaidschan ; Georgien ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: This paper presents a comprehensive analysis of economic and social mobility in countries in the South Caucasus by complementing available household survey data in each of the countries in the subregion with other sources, such as the Life in Transition Survey (2016). The first part of the paper-concentrated on intragenerational mobility-finds that despite progress made in reducing poverty over the past decade, there appears to be a significant amount of churning around the poverty line. Moreover, in Georgia and Armenia, roughly one in eight individuals lived in a state of chronic poverty in 2015, and in the case of Georgia, chronic poverty is not an exclusive phenomenon for rural areas. In addition, although social programs have provided a lifeline for the chronic poor, the ability to tap into labor market opportunities has been the ticket out of poverty. The second part of the paper expands the analysis to intergenerational or social mobility. The main findings are that (1) a higher proportion of the population in this subregion considers their pre-transition family life and the lives of their parents when they were of similar age as appropriate benchmarks to evaluate their current economic situations in comparison with the other transition countries, and (2) over half of the Georgian and Armenian population disagreed with the statement that asked their views on having a better in life than their parents, aligning with the "growing but unhappy" trend that has been reported for the region
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 2
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other Poverty Study
    Keywords: Equity and Development ; Fiscal and Monetary Policy ; Fiscal Policy ; Inequality ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Poverty ; Poverty Impact Evaluation ; Poverty Reduction ; Pro-Poor Growth ; Social Development ; Taxes
    Abstract: The overall objective of this study is to assess the impact of the fiscal system on poverty and inequality in The Gambia as of 2015. The study presents the first empirical evidence on the distributional impacts of taxes and social spending on households in The Gambia. Furthermore, it also evaluated the distributional effects of recent fiscal policy reforms in The Gambia. The assessment was based on the Commitment to Equity (CEQ) Methodology with data from the Integrated Household Survey of 2015 and fiscal administrative data from various government ministries, departments, and agencies. The analyses show that while the fiscal system in The Gambia reduces inequality by 1.2 Gini points, it increases the national poverty headcount by 5.3 percentage points as all households (including the poor) are net payers into the fiscal system. Most of the inequality reduction is due to primary education benefits, with a marginal contribution of 0.44 Gini points, and most of the poverty increase is due to custom duties and VAT with marginal contributions of -2.63 percentage points and -2.07 percentage points, respectively. Simulating the effect of changes in the structure of personal income tax (PIT) and the government's ongoing absorption of the School Feeding Program indicate that these changes reduce inequality but do not offset the impoverishing effect of the fiscal system. Hence, more cashable transfer programs targeted to the poor are needed to offset the impoverishing effect of indirect taxes and make the fiscal system more pro-poor
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  • 3
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (58 p)
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Cancho, César Economic Mobility in Europe and Central Asia: Exploring Patterns and Uncovering Puzzles
    Abstract: Substantial upward economic mobility in the majority of countries in Europe and Central Asia in the 2000s translated into achievements in reducing poverty and boosting shared prosperity. Although factors associated with upward mobility vary significantly by country, education and jobs undoubtedly play an important role in lifting households out of poverty and helping them to improve their living standards. This study finds there is a puzzling mismatch between the objective economic mobility patterns observed in survey data and people's subjective perception of their mobility. A majority of people in the region perceives they are worse off economically than in the past and voice frustration over limited opportunities to improve their lives. This disconnect is partly explained by increased inequality in the region, an increasing sense of unfairness in the processes to move up, and a more marked sense of insecurity and vulnerability. Although the region has been making headway in lifting households out of poverty, ensuring sustainable progress toward poverty reduction and shared prosperity requires policies that promote human capital accumulation, foster job creation, and offer adequate protection to improve households' resilience to shocks
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (46 p)
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Dávalos, María E Moldova: A Story of Upward Economic Mobility
    Abstract: During the early 2000s, Moldova experienced strong economic growth and poverty and inequality reductions. This paper aims at uncovering the patterns behind these poverty trends by looking at economic mobility and its associated factors in Moldov
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 5
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (24 pages)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Print Version: Arai, Ayumi The Hidden Potential of Call Detail Records in the Gambia
    Abstract: Aggregated data from mobile network operators can provide snapshots of population mobility patterns in real time, generating valuable insights when other more traditional data sources are unavailable or out of date. The COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the value of remotely collected, high-frequency, localized data in inferring the economic impact of shocks to inform decision making. However, proper protocols must be put in place to ensure end-to-end user confidentiality and compliance with international best practice. This paper demonstrates how to build such a data pipeline, for the case of The Gambia, channeling data from mobile network operators through the national regulator to the analytical users, who in turn produce policy relevant insights. The aggregated indicators analyzed offer a detailed snapshot of the decrease in mobility and increased out-migration from urban to rural areas during the COVID-19 lockdown. Recommendations based on lessons learned from this process can inform engagements with other regulators in creating data pipelines to inform policy making
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  • 6
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (41 p)
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Martirosova, Diana The Many Faces of Deprivation: A Multidimensional Approach to Poverty in Armenia
    Abstract: This note describes a new measure of multidimensional poverty developed for Armenia. In 2013, the National Statistical Service of the Republic of Armenia and the World Bank began work on a national measure of multidimensional poverty to supplement the consumption poverty indicator. This measure, which was identified through consultations with many stakeholders in Armenia, reflects deprivations specific to Armenia in the areas of education, health, labor, housing conditions, and basic needs. The approach offers insights into the complexity, depth, and persistence of poverty in the country; tailoring it specifically to the country context enhances its relevance for policy. This note uses the new measure to describe national trends and regional patterns
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 7
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other papers
    Keywords: Development Patterns and Poverty ; Equity and Development ; Inequality ; Poverty ; Poverty Reduction
    Abstract: The April 2022 update to the newly launched Poverty and Inequality Platform (PIP) involves several changes to the data underlying the global poverty estimates. Some welfare aggregates have been changed for improved harmonization, and the CPI, national accounts, and population input data have been updated. This document explains these changes in detail and the reasoning behind them. Moreover, a large number of new country-years have been added, bringing the total number of surveys to more than 2,000. These include new harmonized surveys for countries in West Africa, new imputed poverty estimates for Nigeria, and recent 2020 household survey data for several countries. Global poverty estimates are now reported up to 2018 and earlier years have been revised
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