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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (48 p)
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Jolliffe, Dean Societal Poverty: A Relative and Relevant Measure
    Abstract: Poverty lines are typically higher in richer countries, and lower in poorer ones, reflecting the relative nature of national assessments of who is considered poor. In many high-income countries, poverty lines are explicitly relative, set as a share of mean or median income. Despite systematic variation in how countries define poverty, global poverty counts are based on fixed-value lines. To reflect national assessments of poverty in a global headcount of poverty, this paper proposes a societal poverty line. The proposed societal poverty line is derived from 699 harmonized national poverty lines, and has an intercept of
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 2
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (53 p)
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Jolliffe, Dean Global Poverty Goals and Prices
    Abstract: With the recent release of the 2011 purchasing power parity (PPP) data from the International Comparison Program (ICP), analysts and institutions are confronted with the question of whether and how to use them for global poverty estimation. The previous round of PPP data from 2005 led to a large increase in the estimated number of poor in the world. The 2011 price data suggest that developing countries' incomes in PPP-adjusted dollars are significantly higher than indicated by the 2005 PPP data. This has created the anticipation that the new PPP data will decrease significantly the count of poor people in the world. This paper presents evidence that if the global poverty line is updated with the 2011 PPP data based on the same set of national poverty lines that define the
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  • 3
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 45 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 9133
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Erhan Artuc Toward Successful Development Policies: Insights from Research in Development Economics
    Keywords: Graue Literatur
    Abstract: What major insights have emerged from development economics in the past decade, and how do they matter for the World Bank? This challenging question was recently posed by World Bank Group President David Malpass to the staff of the Development Research Group. This paper assembles a set of 13 short, nontechnical briefing notes prepared in response to this request, summarizing a selection of major insights in development economics in the past decade. The notes synthesize evidence from recent research on how policies should be designed, implemented, and evaluated, and provide illustrations of what works and what does not in selected policy areas
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  • 4
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (31 p)
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Jolliffe, Dean Estimating Poverty with Panel Data, Comparably: An Example from Jordan
    Abstract: Poverty estimates based on enumeration from a single point in time form the cornerstone for much of the literature on poverty. Households are typically interviewed once about their consumption or income, and their wellbeing is assessed from their responses. Global estimates of poverty that aggregate poverty counts from all countries implicitly assume that the counts are comparable. This paper illustrates that this assumption of comparability is potentially invalid when households are interviewed multiple times with repeat visits throughout the year. The paper provides an example from Jordan, where the internationally comparable approach of handling the data from repeat visits yields a poverty rate that is 26 percent greater than the rate that is currently reported as the official estimate. The paper also explores alternative definitions of poverty, informed in part by the psychological and biophysical literature on the long-run effects of short-term exposure to poverty or generally adverse environments. This alternative concept of poverty suggests that the prevalence of those who have been affected by poverty in Jordan during 2010 is more than twice as large as the official 2010 estimate of poverty
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C. : World Bank Group, Poverty and Equity Global Practice & Development Data Group
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 31 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 8442
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Jolliffe, Dean Food Insecurity and Rising Food Prices: What Do We Learn from Experiential Measures?
    Keywords: Ernährungssicherung ; Lebensmittelpreis ; Angst ; Politische Instabilität ; Lebensstandard ; Messung ; Malawi ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: Throughout many countries in the world, the measurement of food security currently includes accounting for the importance of perception and anxiety about meeting basic food needs. Using panel data from Malawi, this paper shows that worrying about food security is linked to self-reports of having experienced food insecurity, and the analysis provides evidence that rapidly rising food prices are a source of the anxiety and experiences of food insecurity. This finding controls for individual-level fixed effects and changes in the economic well-being of the individual. A particularly revealing finding of the importance of accounting for anxiety in assessing food insecurity is that individuals report a significant increase in experiences of food insecurity in the presence of rapidly rising food prices even when dietary diversity and caloric intake is stable
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  • 6
    ISBN: 9781464803611
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (pages cm))
    Edition: Online-Ausg.
    Edition: 2015 World Bank eLibrary
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. A measured approach to ending poverty and boosting shared prosperity
    DDC: 338.91091724
    Keywords: Economic development International cooperation ; Poverty International cooperation ; Poverty Measurement ; Economic assistance ; Economic development International cooperation ; Poverty International cooperation ; Poverty Measurement ; Economic assistance ; Economic development International cooperation ; Poverty International cooperation ; Poverty Measurement ; Armut ; Entwicklung ; Tendenz ; Prognose ; Bekämpfung ; Wirtschaftswachstum ; Gemeinwohl ; Konzeption ; Wirtschaftspolitik ; Economic assistance ; Economic development ; Poverty ; Poverty ; Developing countries ; Developing countries Economic policy ; Developing countries Economic policy ; Developing countries Economic policy ; Erde
    Note: Includes bibliographical references and index. - Description based on print version record
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C. : World Bank Group, Development Economics, Development Data Group
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 54 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 8559
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Knippenberg, Erwin Land Fragmentation and Food Insecurity in Ethiopia
    Keywords: Graue Literatur
    Abstract: This paper revisits the economic consequences of land fragmentation, taking seriously concerns regarding the exogeneity of fragmentation, its measurement and the importance of considering impacts in terms of welfare metrics. Using data that are well-suited to addressing these issues, the analysis finds that land fragmentation reduces food insecurity. This result is robust to how fragmentation is measured and to how exogeneity concerns are addressed. Further, the paper finds that land fragmentation mitigates the adverse effects of low rainfall on food security. This is because households with diverse parcel characteristics can grow a greater variety of crop types
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  • 8
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (36 p)
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Jolliffe, Dean Estimating International Poverty Lines from Comparable National Thresholds
    Abstract: World Bank's international poverty line of USD1.90/day, at 2011 purchasing power parity, is based on a collection of national poverty lines, which were originally used to set the international poverty line of USD1.25/day at 2005 purchasing power parity. This paper proposes an approach for estimating a more recent, complete, and comparable collection of national poverty thresholds from reported national poverty rates. The paper presents a set of international poverty lines based on this new atabase of national poverty lines. In contrast to the lines used to estimate the USD1.90 international poverty line, this approach produces national poverty lines that are (1) consistent with national poverty rates, (2) expressed in common units, and (3) provide greater support to the estimated international poverty line. These national poverty lines are used to estimate an extreme international poverty line, and three higher lines that are more relevant for higher-income countries. A key finding provides evidence of the robustness and relevance of the USD1.90 international poverty line as a measure of extreme poverty for low-income countries
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  • 9
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (47 pages)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Cull, Robert Digital Payments and the COVID-19 Shock: The Role of Preexisting Conditions in Banking, Infrastructure, Human Capabilities, and Digital Regulation
    Keywords: Covid-19 Lockdown ; Covid-19 Shock ; Digital Divide ; Digital Infrastructure ; Digital Payment ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Financial Inclusion ; ICT Policy and Strategies ; Information and Communication Technologies
    Abstract: Treating data collected pre- and post-COVID-19 as a quasi-experiment, this paper examines the importance of presumed enablers and safeguards in driving the observed expansion of digital payments and digital financial inclusion. The analysis interacts drivers of digital payment usage with a country-specific proxy of the severity of the COVID-19 shock, leveraging variation in both the drivers and the quasi-treatment (the COVID-19 shock) to identify the parameters. Although regulation of banks and digital economic activity were correlated with digital payments before and during the pandemic, the capabilities of users and connectivity (to electricity, the internet, and mobile telephony) were responsible for increased use of digital financial services in response to the shock. An interpretation is that governments and the private sector were able to overcome underdeveloped banking systems and weak regulation of the digital economy, but only where there was adequate digital infrastructure, connectivity, and a high share of the population that understood and could make use of digital payments
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  • 10
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (51 pages)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Kraay, Aart A New Distribution Sensitive Index for Measuring Welfare, Poverty, and Inequality
    Keywords: Economic Theory and Research ; Inequality Index ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Poverty Index ; Poverty Informatics ; Poverty Reduction ; Shared Prosperity ; Welfare Index
    Abstract: Simple welfare indices such as mean income are ubiquitous but not distribution sensitive. In contrast, existing distribution sensitive welfare indices are rarely used, often because they are difficult to explain and/or lack intuitive units. This paper proposes a simple new distribution sensitive welfare index with intuitive units: the average factor by which individual incomes must be multiplied to attain a given reference level of income. This new index is subgroup decomposable with population weights and satisfies the three main definitions of distribution sensitivity in the literature. Variants on this index can be used as distribution sensitive poverty measures and as inequality measures, with the same simple intuitive units. The properties of the new index are illustrated using the global distribution of income across individuals between 1990 and 2019, as well as with selected country comparisons. Finally, the index can be used to define the "prosperity gap" as a proposed new measure of "shared prosperity," one of the twin goals of the World Bank
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