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  • 1
    Article
    Article
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    In:  American anthropologist : journal of the American Anthropological Association Vol. 117, No. 3 (2015), p. 468-479
    ISSN: 0002-7294
    Language: English
    Titel der Quelle: American anthropologist : journal of the American Anthropological Association
    Publ. der Quelle: Malden, Mass. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 117, No. 3 (2015), p. 468-479
    DDC: 100
    Abstract: The rise of debt as a mechanism of development troubles many scholars and aid practitioners. Contrary to these concerns, however, ethnographic research at a Japanese NGO in Myanmar showed that Japanese and Burmese aid workers found value in moral and monetary debt relations. In this article, I argue that these aid workers viewed indebtedness as a precondition for the making of voluntary actors, willing and committed to aid work. What they problematized was not indebtedness but, rather, competing understandings of the appropriate temporality of a debt's repayment. The fault lines did not appear along cultural or moral‐monetary boundaries; they existed in the ways that people conceptualized voluntary actors as emerging from either long‐term forms of indebted gratitude or sequences of short‐term contractual agreements. While the entrapment of the poor in cycles of debt remains an increasing concern in the world, I here ask how we might understand local aid workers’ professional commitments when they do not question indebtedness as a moral framework. El aumento de la deuda como un mecanismo de desarrollo preocupa a muchos investigadores y profesionales humanitarios. Contrario a estas preocupaciones, sin embargo, la investigación etnográfica en una ONG Japonesa en Myanmar mostró que trabajadores humanitarios encontraron valor en las relaciones de deuda moral y monetaria. En este artículo, argumento que estos trabajadores humanitarios vieron el endeudamiento como una precondición para el proceso de hacerse actores voluntarios, dispuestos y comprometidos con el trabajo humanitario. Lo que ellos problematizaron no fue el endeudamiento, sino, más bien, entendimientos conflictivos de la temporalidad apropiada del repago de una deuda. Las líneas de la falla no aparecen a lo largo de limites culturales o monetarios‐morales; ellas existían en las maneras en que las personas conceptualizaron actores voluntarios como emergiendo bien sea de formas de largo plazo de gratitud por deudas o de secuencias de acuerdos contractuales de corto plazo. Mientras el atrapamiento del pobre en ciclos de deuda permanece como una preocupación creciente en el mundo, aquí pregunto cómo podemos entender el compromiso profesional de trabajadores humanitarios cuando ellos no cuestionan el endeudamiento como un marco moral. [ ONG, deuda, gratitud, temporalidad, compromiso, Myanmar ]
    Note: Copyright: © 2015 by the American Anthropological Association , Copyright: © COPYRIGHT 2015 American Anthropological Assn.
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  • 2
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    In:  American ethnologist : a journal of the American Ethnological Society Vol. 44, No. 4 (2017), p. 591-602
    ISSN: 0094-0496
    Language: English
    Titel der Quelle: American ethnologist : a journal of the American Ethnological Society
    Publ. der Quelle: Malden, Mass. [u.a.] : Blackwell Publishing
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 44, No. 4 (2017), p. 591-602
    DDC: 390
    Abstract: A key approach to development aid in Japan has been hitozukuri (making persons), which refers not only to the transfer of skills but also to the holistic cultivation of people. The Organization for Industrial, Spiritual and Cultural Advancement (OISCA), which emerged from a Shinto‐based religious group, has been one of the leading NGOs in hitozukuri aid, training people in sustainable agriculture around the Asia‐Pacific region. A central aspect of OISCA's activities consists of imitative practices such as “leading by example.” Aid workers’ efforts to become and adapt “good models” show how modeling practices are not standardizing but can, rather, be a lens through which to understand development work as a process of learning and making ethical subjects, a process that transforms both aid workers and aid recipients. [ development , learning , ethical subject‐making , modeling , NGOs , Japan , Myanmar ] 「人づくり」は日本の国際協力において主要なアプローチである。本論文では、人づくりを通した国際協力を技術の移転だけではなく、「人」を包括的に育てる試みも含めるという考え方である。神道系新宗教を母体とする公益財団法人オイスカは長年、アジア太平洋諸国で持続可能な農業を現地の若者に研修事業を通して教え、人づくりを行うNGOの中で草分け的な立場を確立してきた。そして、オイスカの研修の中心には「率先垂範」などのモデルを示そうとする実践が含まれる。しかし、様々なオイスカ職員がどのように「良いモデル」になろうとし、またはそれをどのように応用しているか観察すると、モデル的な実践とは標準化することではないことが明確になる。「モデル的実践」 (modeling) を通して考えると、国際協力という仕事が学びと倫理的主体構築の過程であり、それを通じて支援者と裨益者の双方をあらゆる方向に変えることができるプロセスであるということが見えてくる。[国際協力/開発、学び、倫理的主体構築、モデル/模範、NGO、日本、ミャンマー]
    Note: Copyright: © 2017 by the American Anthropological Association
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  • 3
    Article
    Article
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    In:  American anthropologist 117(2015), 3, Seite 468-479 | volume:117 | year:2015 | number:3 | pages:468-479
    ISSN: 0002-7294
    Language: English
    Titel der Quelle: American anthropologist
    Publ. der Quelle: Malden, Mass. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell, 1888
    Angaben zur Quelle: 117(2015), 3, Seite 468-479
    Angaben zur Quelle: volume:117
    Angaben zur Quelle: year:2015
    Angaben zur Quelle: number:3
    Angaben zur Quelle: pages:468-479
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : University of Hawai'i Press
    ISBN: 9780824877545 , 9780824887117
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Keywords: Social & cultural anthropology, ethnography ; Non-governmental organizations (NGOs) ; Religion & politics ; Politics & government ; Asian history
    Abstract: International development programs strive not only to alleviate poverty but to transform people, aid workers and recipients alike. Becoming One grapples with this process by exploring the work of OISCA*, a prominent Japanese NGO in central Myanmar. OISCA's postwar origins at the intersection of Shinto, secularism, and rightwing politics, and its vision of inter-Asian solidarity and a sustainable future helped shape the organization's ideology and activities. By delving into the world of its aid workers-their everyday practices, discourses, and aspirations-author Chika Watanabe seeks to understand the NGO's political, social, and ethical effects. At OISCA training centers, Japanese and local staff teach sustainable agricultural skills and organic farming methods to rural youth. Much of the teaching involves laboring in the fields, harvesting produce, and caring for livestock: what they can't use themselves is sold at nearby markets. Watanabe's detailed and multi-sited ethnography shows how Japanese and Burmese actors mobilize around the idea of "becoming one" with Mother Earth and their human counterparts within a shared communal lifestyle. By exploring the tension between intentions and political effects-spanning environmentalism, cultural-nationalist ideologies of "Japaneseness," and aspirations to make the world a better place-Watanabe highlights fascinating questions and both positive and negative outcomes. Becoming One weaves together vivid descriptions of the intensive, intimate, and "muddy labor" of "making persons" (hitozukuri) with the wider historical resonances of these efforts, decentering common understandings of development, NGOs, and their moral and political promises. This engaging and thought-provoking book combines insights from anthropology, development studies, and religious studies to add to our understanding of modern Japan. *Organization for Industrial, Spiritual and Cultural Advancement
    Note: English
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  • 5
    ISBN: 9780824875268
    Language: English
    Pages: xiv, 239 Seiten
    Keywords: Hochschulschrift ; Myanmar ; Japan ; Nichtstaatliche internationale Organisation ; Nichtstaatliche Organisation ; Entwicklungshilfe ; Entwicklungspolitik ; Umwelt ; Umweltschutz ; Neue Religion
    Abstract: International development programs strive not only to alleviate poverty but to transform people, aid workers and recipients alike. Becoming One grapples with this process by exploring the work of OISCA*, a prominent Japanese NGO in central Myanmar. OISCAs postwar origins at the intersection of Shinto, secularism, and rightwing politics, and its vision of inter-Asian solidarity and a sustainable future helped shape the organizations ideology and activities. By delving into the world of its aid workerstheir everyday practices, discourses, and aspirationsauthor Chika Watanabe seeks to understand the NGOs political, social, and ethical effects. At OISCA training centers, Japanese and local staff teach sustainable agricultural skills and organic farming methods to rural youth. Much of the teaching involves laboring in the fields, harvesting produce, and caring for livestock: what they cant use themselves is sold at nearby markets. Watanabes detailed and multi-sited ethnography shows how Japanese and Burmese actors mobilize around the idea of becoming one with Mother Earth and their human counterparts within a shared communal lifestyle. By exploring the tension between intentions and political effectsspanning environmentalism, cultural-nationalist ideologies of Japaneseness, and aspirations to make the world a better placeWatanabe highlights fascinating questions and both positive and negative outcomes. Becoming One weaves together vivid descriptions of the intensive, intimate, and muddy labor of making persons (hitozukuri) with the wider historical resonances of these efforts, decentering common understandings of development, NGOs, and their moral and political promises. This engaging and thought-provoking book combines insights from anthropology, development studies, and religious studies to add to our understanding of modern Japan.
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  • 6
    Article
    Article
    In:  American Ethnologist 44/4, 2017, S. 591-602
    Language: English
    Titel der Quelle: American Ethnologist
    Angaben zur Quelle: 44/4, 2017, S. 591-602
    Note: Chika Watanabe
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  • 7
    Book
    Book
    In:  Cultural Anthropology 2014, Jg. 29, H. 4
    Language: English
    Titel der Quelle: Cultural Anthropology
    Angaben zur Quelle: 2014, Jg. 29, H. 4
    Note: Chika Watanabe
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  • 8
    Article
    Article
    In:  American Anthropologist 117/3, 2015, S. 468-479
    Language: English
    Titel der Quelle: American Anthropologist
    Angaben zur Quelle: 117/3, 2015, S. 468-479
    Note: Chika Watanabe
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  • 9
    Book
    Book
    In:  Cultural Anthropology 2014, Jg. 29
    Language: English
    Titel der Quelle: Cultural Anthropology
    Angaben zur Quelle: 2014, Jg. 29
    Note: Chika Watanabe
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  • 10
    Pages: xvi, 239 Seiten
    Keywords: Rezension
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