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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Technological Leadership and Foreign Investors' Choice of Entry Mode (1999)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (38 p.))
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Smarzynska, Beata Technological Leadership and Foreign Investors' Choice of Entry Mode
    Keywords: Advertising ; Agricultural Knowledge and Information Systems ; Agriculture ; Buyer ; Debt Markets ; E-Business ; Emerging Markets ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Financial Literacy ; Foreign Direct Investment ; Foreign Direct Investment ; Foreign Investment ; Foreign Investments ; Industry ; Information ; Intangible Assets ; International Economics & Trade ; International Trade ; Investment and Investment Climate ; Joint Ventures ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Manufacturing ; Manufacturing Industries ; Marketing ; Microfinance ; New Technologies ; Private Information ; Private Sector Development ; Profits ; Proprietary Knowledge ; R&D ; Results ; Rural Development ; Technology ; Technology Industry ; Transactions ; Water Resources ; Water and Industry ; Advertising ; Agricultural Knowledge and Information Systems ; Agriculture ; Buyer ; Debt Markets ; E-Business ; Emerging Markets ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Financial Literacy ; Foreign Direct Investment ; Foreign Direct Investment ; Foreign Investment ; Foreign Investments ; Industry ; Information ; Intangible Assets ; International Economics & Trade ; International Trade ; Investment and Investment Climate ; Joint Ventures ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Manufacturing ; Manufacturing Industries ; Marketing ; Microfinance ; New Technologies ; Private Information ; Private Sector Development ; Profits ; Proprietary Knowledge ; R&D ; Results ; Rural Development ; Technology ; Technology Industry ; Transactions ; Water Resources ; Water and Industry
    Abstract: April 2000 - Developing country governments tend to favor joint ventures over other forms of foreign direct investment, believing that local participation facilitates the transfer of technology and marketing skills. However, foreign investors who are technological or marketing leaders in their industries are more likely to invest in wholly owned projects than to share ownership. Thus in R&D-intensive sectors joint ventures may offer less potential for transferring technology and marketing techniques than wholly owned subsidiaries. Developing country governments tend to favor joint ventures over other forms of foreign direct investment, believing that local participation facilitates the transfer of technology and marketing skills. Smarzynska assesses joint ventures' potential for such transfers by comparing the characteristics of foreign investors engaged in joint ventures with those of foreign investors engaged in wholly owned projects in transition economies in the early 1990s. Unlike the existing literature, Smarzynska focuses on intra-industry differences rather than interindustry differences in R&D and advertising intensity. Empirical analysis shows that foreign investors who are technological or marketing leaders in their industries are more likely to invest in wholly owned projects than to share ownership. This is true in high- and medium-technology sectors but not in industries with low R&D spending. Smarzynska concludes that it is inappropriate to treat industries as homogeneous in investigating modes of investment. She also suggests that in sectors with high R&D spending joint ventures may present less potential for transfer of technology and marketing techniques than wholly owned subsidiaries. This paper - a product of Trade, Development Research Group - is part of a larger effort in the group to study the contribution of trade and foreign direct investment to technology transfer. The author may be contacted at bsmarzynskaworldbank.org
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Foreign direct investment and integration into global production and distribution networks : the case of Poland (2001)
    Washington, D.C : World Bank, Development Research Group, Trade
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 2646
    Parallel Title: Kaminski, Bartomiej Foreign direct investment and integration into global production and distribution networks
    Keywords: Exports ; Imports ; Investments, Foreign ; Exports ; Imports ; Investments, Foreign ; European Union countries Commerce ; Poland Commerce ; Poland Economic integration ; European Union countries Commerce ; Poland Commerce ; Poland Economic integration
    Abstract: Integration into the production and marketing arrangements of multinational corporations may offer many benefits to transition economies that, after a long period of isolation, have liberalized trade and investment. The fragmentation of production offers a unique opportunity for producers in developing countries to move from servicing small local markets to supplying large firms abroad and, indirectly, their customers all over the world
    Note: "July 2001 , Includes bibliographical references (p. 24-25) , Title from title screen as viewed on Sept. 05, 2002 , Also available in print.
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Corruption and the Composition of Foreign Direct Investment : Firm-Level Evidence (1999)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (30 p.))
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Wei, Shang-Jin Corruption and the Composition of Foreign Direct Investment
    Keywords: Capital Flows ; Corporate Law ; Corporate Tax Rate ; Debt Markets ; E-Business ; Economic Theory and Research ; Emerging Markets ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Financial Literacy ; Foreign Direct Investment ; Foreign Direct Investment ; Foreign Investment ; Foreign Investor ; Foreign Investors ; Host Country ; Intangible ; Intangible Assets ; International Capital ; International Economics & Trade ; Investment and Investment Climate ; Investors ; Joint Venture Partner ; Law and Development ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Microfinance ; Ownership Structure ; Private Sector Development ; Protection Of Investor ; Public Sector Corruption and Anticorruption Measures ; Tax ; Transaction ; Transaction Cost ; Transactions ; Transition Economies ; Transparency ; Capital Flows ; Corporate Law ; Corporate Tax Rate ; Debt Markets ; E-Business ; Economic Theory and Research ; Emerging Markets ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Financial Literacy ; Foreign Direct Investment ; Foreign Direct Investment ; Foreign Investment ; Foreign Investor ; Foreign Investors ; Host Country ; Intangible ; Intangible Assets ; International Capital ; International Economics & Trade ; Investment and Investment Climate ; Investors ; Joint Venture Partner ; Law and Development ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Microfinance ; Ownership Structure ; Private Sector Development ; Protection Of Investor ; Public Sector Corruption and Anticorruption Measures ; Tax ; Transaction ; Transaction Cost ; Transactions ; Transition Economies ; Transparency
    Abstract: June 2000 - The extent of corruption in a host country affects a foreign direct investor's choice of investing through a joint venture or through a wholly owned subsidiary. Corruption reduces inward foreign investment and shifts the ownership structure toward joint ventures. Smarzynska and Wei study the impact of corruption in a host country on foreign investors' preference for a joint venture or a wholly owned subsidiary. Their simple model highlights a basic tradeoff in using local partners. On the one hand, corruption makes the local bureaucracy less transparent and increases the value of using a local partner to cut through the bureaucratic maze. On the other hand, corruption decreases the effective protection of an investor's intangible assets and reduces the probability that disputes between foreign and domestic partners will be adjudicated fairly, which reduces the value of having a local partner. As the investor's technological sophistication increases, so does the importance of protecting intangible assets, which tilts the preference away from joint ventures in a corrupt country. Empirical tests of this hypothesis on firm-level data show that corruption reduces inward foreign direct investment and shifts the ownership structure toward joint ventures. Conditonal on foreign direct investment taking place, an increase in corruption from the level found in Hungary to that found in Azerbaijan decreases the probability of a wholly owned subsidiary by 10 to 20 percent. Technologically more advanced firms are less likely to engage in joint ventures, however. Smarzynska and Wei find support for the view that U.S. firms are more averse to joint ventures in corrupt countries than are other foreign investors - possibly because of the U.S. Foreign Corrupt Practices Act, which stipulates penalties for executives of U.S. companies whose employees or local partners engage in paying bribes. But although U.S. companies are more likely than investors from other countries to retain full ownership of firms in corrupt countries, they are not less likely than firms from other countries to undertake foreign direct investment in those countries. This paper - a joint product of Trade and Public Economics, Development Research Group - is part of a larger effort in the group to study the effects of corruption on economic activity. The authors may be contacted at bsmarzynskaworldbank.org or swei@worldbank.org
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    To share or not to share : / Does local participation matter for spillovers from foreign direct investment (2003)
    Washington, D.C : World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 3118
    Parallel Title: Smarzynska, Beata K To share or not to share
    Keywords: Corporations, Foreign ; Investments, Foreign ; Corporations, Foreign ; Investments, Foreign
    Note: "August 8, 2003 , Includes bibliographical references , Title from title screen as viewed on August 11, 2003 , Also available in print.
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Income-related biases in international trade : what do trademark registration data tell us? (2003)
    Washington, D.C : World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 3150
    Parallel Title: Fink, Carsten Income-related biases in international trade
    Keywords: Income distribution ; International trade ; Product differentiation ; Trademarks ; Income distribution ; International trade ; Product differentiation ; Trademarks
    Note: "October 2, 2003 , Includes bibliographical references , Title from title screen as viewed on October 2, 2003 , Also available in print.
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Pollution havens and foreign direct investment (2002)
    Washington, D.C : World Bank, Development Research Group, Trade
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 2673
    Parallel Title: Smarzynska, Beata K Pollution havens and foreign direct investment
    Keywords: International business enterprises Environmental aspects ; Investments, Foreign ; International business enterprises Environmental aspects ; Investments, Foreign
    Note: "September 2001 , Includes bibliographical references , Title from title screen as viewed on September 20, 2002 , Also available in print.
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Does foreign direct investment increase the productivity of domestic firms? : in search of spillovers through backward linkages (2002)
    Washington, D.C : World Bank, Trade, Development Research Group
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 2923
    Parallel Title: Smarzynska, Beata K Does foreign direct investment increase the productivity of domestic firms?
    Keywords: Industrial productivity ; Investments, Foreign ; Industrial productivity ; Investments, Foreign
    Note: "October 25, 2002 , Includes bibliographical references , Title from title screen as viewed on October 26, 2002 , Also available in print.
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Never too late to get together again : turning the Czech and Slovak Customs Union into a stepping stone to EU integration (2003)
    Washington, D.C : Trade, Development Research Group, World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 2954
    Parallel Title: Kaminski, Bartomiej Never too late to get together again
    Keywords: European Union ; European Union ; European Union ; European Union ; Customs unions ; Customs unions ; Customs unions ; Customs unions
    Note: "January 13, 2003 , Includes bibliographical references , Title from title screen as viewed on January 28, 2003 , Also available in print.
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 9
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    Online Resource
    The composition of foreign direct investment and protection of intellectual property rights : evidence from transition economies (2002)
    Washington, D.C : World Bank, Development Research Group, Trade
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 2786
    Parallel Title: Smarzynska, Beata K The composition of foreign direct investment and protection of intellectual property rights
    Keywords: Intellectual property Economic aspects ; Intellectual property Economic aspects ; Investments, Foreign ; Investments, Foreign ; Intellectual property Economic aspects ; Intellectual property Economic aspects ; Investments, Foreign ; Investments, Foreign
    Note: "February 2002 , Includes bibliographical references (p. 15-16) , Title from title screen as viewed on June 4, 2002 , Also available in print.
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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