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  • 1
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (44 pages)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Kovac, Dejan Forced Displacement, Exposure to Conflict and Long-Run Education and Income Inequality: Evidence from Croatia and Bosnia and Herzegovina
    Keywords: Access and Equity in Basic Education ; Conflict ; Education ; Education Inequality ; Educational Outcome Of Displaced Persons ; Equity and Development ; Forced Displacement ; Income ; Income Inequality ; Inequality ; Internally Displaced Persons (IDP) ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Poverty Reduction ; Refugee Inclusion ; Refugees ; Social Integration
    Abstract: This paper investigates the long-term relationship between conflict-related migration and individual socioeconomic inequality. Looking at the post-conflict environments of Bosnia and Herzegovina (BiH) and Croatia, the two former Yugoslav states most heavily impacted by the conflicts of the early 1990s, the paper focuses on differences in educational performance and income between four groups: migrants, internally displaced persons, refugees, and those who did not move two decades after the conflicts. For BiH, the analysis leverages a municipality-representative survey (n = 6, 021) that captured self-reported education and income outcomes as well as migration histories. For Croatia, outcomes are measured using an anonymized education registry that captured outcomes for over half a million individuals over time. This allows an assessment of convergence between different categories of migrants. In both countries, individuals with greater exposure to conflict had systematically worse educational performance. External migrants now living in BiH have better educational and economic outcomes than those who did not migrate, but these advantages are smaller for individuals who were forced to move. In Croatia, those who moved during the conflict have worse educational outcomes, but there is a steady convergence between refugees and non-migrants. This research suggests that policies intended to address migration-related discrepancies should be targeted on the basis of individual and family experiences caused by conflict
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  • 2
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (54 p)
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Do, Quy-Toan How Much Oil is the Islamic State Group Producing? Evidence from Remote Sensing
    Abstract: Accurately measuring oil production in low-governance contexts is an important task. Many terrorist organizations and insurgencies-including the Islamic State group, also known as ISIL/ISIS or Daesh-tap oil as a revenue source. Understanding spatial and temporal variation in production in their territory can help address such threats by providing near real-time monitoring of their revenue streams, helping to assess long-term economic potential, and informing reconstruction strategies. More broadly, remotely measuring extractive industry activity in conflict-affected areas and other regions without reliable administrative data can support a broad range of public policy decisions and academic research. This paper uses satellite multi-spectral imaging and ground-truth pre-war output data to effectively construct a real-time day-to-day census of oil production in areas controlled by the terrorist group. The estimates of production levels were approximately 56,000 barrels per day (bpd) from July-December 2014, drop to an average of 35,000 bpd throughout 2015, before dropping further to approximately 16,000 bpd in 2016
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 3
    ISBN: 9780833091819 , 9780833091789
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Keywords: Middle Eastern history ; Politics & government ; Terrorism, armed struggle
    Abstract: Drawing from 140 recently declassified documents, this report comprehensively examines the organization, territorial designs, management, personnel policies, and finances of the Islamic State of Iraq (ISI) and al-Qa‘ida in Iraq. Analysis of the Islamic State predecessor groups is more than a historical recounting. It provides significant understanding of how ISI evolved into the present-day Islamic State and how to combat the group
    Note: English
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  • 4
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Princeton : Princeton University Press
    ISBN: 9781400848645 , 1400848644 , 1299725597 , 9781299725591
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (350 pages)
    DDC: 303.625
    Keywords: POLITICAL SCIENCE / Political Freedom & Security / Terrorism ; POLITICAL SCIENCE / Terrorism ; Terrorism in mass media ; Terrorists ; Terrorismus ; Terrorists ; Terrorism in mass media ; Internationaler Terrorismus ; Organisationsstruktur ; Terroristische Vereinigung ; Electronic books ; Terroristische Vereinigung ; Internationaler Terrorismus ; Organisationsstruktur
    Note: Cover; Title; Copyright; Dedication; Contents; Acknowledgments; 1 Introduction; 1.1 The Challenge of Organizing Terror; 1.2 The Terrorist's Dilemma; 1.3 Why Understanding Hierarchy and Control Matters; 1.4 What About 9/11?; 1.5 Are Terrorist Organizations Really So Familiar?; 1.6 Can We Treat Terrorist Organizations as Rational?; 1.7 Plan of the Book; 2 The Terrorist's Dilemma; 2.1 Introduction; 2.2 Why Preference Divergence?; 2.3 How Groups Respond to Preference Divergence; 2.4 The Difficult Challenge of Balancing Security with Efficiency and Control; 2.5 Conclusion , 3 The Insider's View on Terrorist Organizations3.1 Organizing Terror; 3.2 Data; 3.3 Quantitative Analysis; 3.4 Content Analysis: Some Good Stories; 3.5 Conclusion; 4 Organizing Al-Qa'ida in Iraq's Operations and Finances; 4.1 Introduction; 4.2 A Brief History of al-Qa'ida in Iraq; 4.3 Managing AQI; 4.4 Conclusion; 5 The Tradeoffs; 5.1 Introduction; 5.2 Managing Terrorist Funds: The Security-Efficiency Tradeoff; 5.3 Managing Terrorist Violence: The Security-Control Tradeoff; 5.4 Discussion; 6 Uncertainty and Control in Russia; 6.1 Introduction , 6.2 A Brief History of Pre-Revolutionary Russian Terrorism6.3 A History of Pre-Revolutionary Terrorism; 6.4 Uncertainty and Patterns of Control; 6.5 Other Aspects of Russian Terrorism; 6.6 Conclusion; 7 Discrimination and Control in Ireland; 7.1 Introduction; 7.2 Discrimination and Patterns of Violence; 7.3 Measuring Control; 7.4 The Provisional IRA; 7.5 The Loyalist Paramilitaries; 7.6 Conclusion; 8 Preference Divergence and Control in Palestine; 8.1 Introduction; 8.2 Fatah: The Challenges of Integration; 8.3 Hamas; 8.4 Control in Fatah and Hamas; 8.5 Conclusion , 9 Conclusion and Recommendations9.1 Summary of the Argument; 9.2 Exploiting Organizational Vulnerabilities; 9.3 Conclusion; Appendix A Annotated Bibliography of Terrorist Autobiographies; A.1 Introduction; A.2 Terrorist Autobiographies; Appendix B Methodological Appendix; B.1 Case Selection; B.2 Sources; Bibliography; Index , How do terrorist groups control their members? Do the tools groups use to monitor their operatives and enforce discipline create security vulnerabilities that governments can exploit? The Terrorist's Dilemma is the first book to systematically examine the great variation in how terrorist groups are structured. Employing a broad range of agency theory, historical case studies, and terrorists' own internal documents, Jacob Shapiro provocatively discusses the core managerial challenges that terrorists face and illustrates how their political goals interact with the operational environme
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
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