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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    [Washington, DC, USA] : World Bank Group, Macroeconomics, Trade and Investment Global Practice
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 41 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 9229
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Echandi, Roberto Investment Facilitation and Mode 3 Trade in Services: Are Current Discussions Addressing the Key Issues?
    Keywords: Graue Literatur
    Abstract: Based on a novel approach to measuring the cost of trade in services for Modes 1 (cross-border supply), 2 (consumption abroad), and 4 (temporary movement of service suppliers), developed by the World Trade Organization Secretariat, this paper reviews available evidence on factors affecting trade costs for services supplied via a commercial presence in a host country market, so-called Mode 3 trade. It does so with a view to answering the question of whether the current "facilitation" agendas on services and investment proceeding at the World Trade Organization focus on the most important factors affecting Mode 3-related trade costs, by far the most important of all modes of supplying services internationally. The paper explores the policy opportunity costs arising from the decision to focus the investment facilitation agenda on matters of regulatory transparency and the streamlining of administrative procedures. It recalls how reducing regulatory heterogeneity, tackling discriminatory impediments to cross-border investment, and developing investor-state conflict management mechanisms to retain and expand investment and prevent dispute escalation - all issues left unaddressed by ongoing negotiations - hold important potential for reducing Mode 3 trade costs and facilitating expanded investment
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, DC : World Bank : Oxford University Press
    ISBN: 0821354086
    Language: English
    Pages: vi, 236 p.
    DDC: 382.92
    Keywords: World Trade Organization ; General Agreement on Trade in Services ; Politik ; Service industries Government policy ; International trade ; Free trade ; Dienstleistungsfreiheit ; Außenhandelspolitik ; Konferenzschrift 2002 ; Dienstleistungsfreiheit ; Außenhandelspolitik
    Note: Includes bibliographical references and index
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  Higher education management and policy Vol. 14, no. 3, p. 47-76
    ISSN: 1726-9822
    Language: English
    Pages: 33 p
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Commerce, éducation et AGCS : Les tenants et les aboutissants
    Titel der Quelle: Higher education management and policy
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OECD, 2002
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 14, no. 3, p. 47-76
    Keywords: Education
    Abstract: This paper addresses some of the public policy controversies surrounding the treatment of education services under the World Trade Organisation’s General Agreement on Trade in Services (GATS). The rapid rise in cross-border trade and investment in education services observed in recent years has given new prominence to the role the GATS might play as a force for progressive liberalisation in the sector. The paper provides a synthetic description of the core features of the GATS, highlighting in particular how the four modes of supplying services subject to the Agreement’s disciplines relate to trade in education services. The paper recalls the policy flexibility WTO members retain under the GATS as regards the nature, extent and pace of possible progressive liberalisation. It describes a number of key misunderstandings and fallacies that have tended to cloud a rational discussion of the possible effects of the GATS on trade in education services. The paper also depicts the key elements found in the negotiating proposals on education services put forward to date by the governments of Australia, New Zealand, Japan and the United States, recalling their circumscribed nature and the acute awareness WTO members are showing about the policy sensitivities arising in the sector. The paper concludes with a discussion of the limited role the GATS can be expected to play as a force for change in the education field. The paper argues that many of the impediments that stand in the way of greater cross-border exchanges of education services may be more appropriately pursued outside a trade policy setting.
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  Politiques et gestion de l'enseignement supérieur Vol. 14, no. 3, p. 51-85
    ISSN: 1684-3592
    Language: French
    Pages: 38 p
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Trade, Education and the GATS: What's in, What's out, What's All the Fuss about?
    Titel der Quelle: Politiques et gestion de l'enseignement supérieur
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OCDE, 1998
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 14, no. 3, p. 51-85
    Keywords: Education
    Abstract: Le présent document examine certains aspects du débat public que suscite le traitement des services d’éducation dans le cadre de l’Accord général sur le commerce des services (AGCS) de l’Organisation mondiale du commerce (OMC). Le développement rapide des échanges et des investissements transfrontières qui a été observé ces dernières années pour les services d’éducation a relancé l’idée que l’AGCS pourrait jouer un rôle prédominant en tant que force de libéralisation progressive du secteur. Le présent document décrit de façon synthétique les principales caractéristiques de l’AGCS, en insistant en particulier sur la façon dont les quatre modes de fourniture des services prévus par cet accord s’appliquent au secteur de l’éducation. Il rappelle que les membres de l’OMC conservent une marge de manœuvre en ce qui concerne la nature, l’ampleur et le rythme d’une éventuelle libéralisation progressive. Il décrit un certain nombre d’erreurs de jugement et d’idées fausses majeures qui ont eu tendance à occulter le débat rationnel sur les effets éventuels de l’AGCS pour le commerce des services d’éducation. Il répertorie ensuite les principaux points des propositions de négociation sur les services d’éducation qui ont été soumises à ce jour par les gouvernements d’Australie, de Nouvelle-Zélande, du Japon et des États-Unis, en rappelant leur portée limitée et la conscience aiguë de la part des membres de l’OMC qu’il existe pour ce secteur des points sensibles d’ordre politique. Enfin, le présent document conclut par une analyse du rôle limité que risque de jouer l’AGCS en tant que moteur du changement dans le secteur de l’éducation, en indiquant que la plupart des obstacles au développement des échanges transfrontières des services éducatifs recevraient un traitement plus approprié en dehors d’un cadre de politique commerciale.
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