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  • 1
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (61 pages)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Print Version: Naeher, Dominik The Demand for Advice: Theory and Empirical Evidence from Farmers in Sub-Saharan Africa
    Abstract: Low levels of investment into modern technologies, and limited use of measures that have low monetary cost but the potential for high yields, are often regarded as obstacles to further agricultural development. This paper investigates farmers' demand for one such measure, namely agricultural advisory services. These have modest (most frequently zero) monetary user cost but, according to some recent research, have the potential to result in large increases of yields. Yet, demand for these extension services is often low. This study proposes that costly attention may be part of the explanation for this. In the model, advisory services are available free of charge, but positive effects on production are only realized if farmers devote attention to listening to and implementing the provided advice. Modeling farmers as rational decision makers facing scarce attention, the study identifies the circumstances under which farmers may optimally abstain from demanding advisory services. The model complements the insights of other theories commonly used to explain suboptimal farm decisions and outcomes, and generates testable predictions, which are consistent with empirical evidence based on a large farm-level panel dataset from Sub-Saharan Africa
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  • 2
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (19 pages)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Print Version: Naeher, Dominik Impacts of Energy Efficiency Projects in Developing Countries: Evidence from a Spatial Difference-in-Differences Analysis in Malawi
    Keywords: Access To Electricity ; Demand-Side Management ; Electric Power ; Energy ; Energy Demand ; Energy Efficiency
    Abstract: Spatial difference-in-differences analysis is used to study the impacts of a large-scale development intervention aimed at improving energy efficiency in Malawi. The estimation strategy takes advantage of the geographical variation in the implementation of different project components and is based on a combination of remote-sensing (satellite) data and national household survey data. The results suggest that a combination of demand-side and supply-side interventions was associated with a statistically significant increase in electricity access, a decrease in the frequency of blackouts, and a switch from traditional fuels to electricity as the main source of energy for lighting (but not for cooking). At the same time, there is no evidence that the intervention caused households to pay more for electricity. The results are consistent with an emerging view in the literature that there are synergies between energy efficiency and energy access, especially in places where the bottleneck to wider electricity access is limited electricity generation capacity rather than the cost of connecting more clients to the grid
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  • 3
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (32 pages)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Print Version: Bogetic, Zeljko Measuring Untapped Revenue Potential in Developing Countries: Cross-Country Frontier and Panel Data Analysis
    Keywords: Data Envelopment Analysis ; Domestic Revenue Mobilization ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Public Sector Development ; Tax Potential ; Tax Revenue ; Taxation ; Taxation and Subsidies
    Abstract: Efforts aimed at supporting domestic revenue mobilization in developing countries are often designed and evaluated based on empirical indicators, such as revenue-to-GDP ratios, which capture differences in achieved outcomes across countries. This paper studies a complementary approach to estimate domestic revenue potential that also takes into account differences in countries' fundamental economic structures and constraints associated with different capacities to raise domestic revenues, which are not captured by simple revenue-to-GDP ratios. Specifically, nonparametric data envelopment analysis is applied to estimate domestic revenue potential in a panel of 118 low- and middle-income countries from 2008 to 2019. The analysis addresses the following research questions: (i) How efficient are low-income countries compared with richer countries in mobilizing domestic revenues given the national economic conditions and resources available to each country? (ii) What factors account for the variation in relative domestic revenue mobilization efficiency, that is, the fact that some countries generate more revenues than other countries with comparable economic structures? The paper discusses the policy implications of the findings and demonstrates how the proposed method can be used to identify countries that are already performing close to their limit and those that still feature large untapped potential for further increasing revenues (and thus likely higher marginal benefits to external support for domestic revenue mobilization). Finally, the paper provides insights on the extent to which existing international support for domestic revenue mobilization is targeted at countries with larger untapped revenue potential
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  • 4
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (25 pages)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Naeher, Dominik Relevance of the World Bank Group's Early Response to COVID-19: A Cross-Country Sector Analysis
    Keywords: Agriculture ; Comparative Advantage ; Coronavirus ; COVID-19 ; Education ; Educational Sciences ; Food Security ; Foreign Exchange ; Gini Index ; Health Care Services Industry ; Industry ; Net Open Position ; Quality Health Care ; Small and Medium Enterprise ; SMES
    Abstract: Evaluating the relevance of development interventions is a complex task because many different dimensions must be considered. This study focuses on one particular, quantifiable aspect of relevance and proposes a method for generating data-driven evidence that can be used to assess the relevance of past interventions and guide decisions about future strategic priorities. For the purpose of this study, relevance is defined as the match between the types and scopes of provided support and the types and scopes of support that are most needed in each country. The latter is estimated based on a multidimensional vulnerability score, which is constructed using data on various empirical indicators that have been argued in the economic literature to proxy vulnerability to shocks at the country level. Comparing the vulnerability score with the sector-specific allocation of support yields two empirical measures of relevance, one at the country level and one at the sector level within each country. The proposed method is designed and applied to evaluate the relevance of the World Bank Group's early response to COVID-19. At the same time, many of the modeling insights are more broadly applicable and may also be useful in informing evaluations of development programs beyond the specific application considered here
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