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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Regionalizing Telecommunications Reform in West Africa (2009)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (105 p)
    Edition: 2009 World Bank eLibrary
    Parallel Title: Kessides, Ioannis N Regionalizing Telecommunications Reform in West Africa
    Abstract: In recent years, there has been an increasing recognition that significant welfare gains could be realized through deep forms of regional integration which entail harmonization of legal, regulatory and institutional frameworks. Reforms that reduce cross-border transaction costs and improve the performance of “backbone” infrastructure services are arguably even more important for the creation of an open, unified regional economic space than trade policy reforms narrowly defined. This paper assesses the potential gains from regionalized telecommunications policy in West Africa. To this end, the paper: (i) discusses how regional cooperation can overcome national limits in technical expertise, enhance the capacity of nations credibly to commit to stable regulatory policy, and ultimately facilitate infrastructure investment in the region; (ii) identifies trade-distorting regulations that inhibit opportunities for regional trade and economic development, and so are good candidates for regional trade negotiations to reduce indirect trade barriers; and (iii) describes substantive elements of a harmonized regional regulatory policy that can deliver immediate performance benefits
    DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-5126
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Toward a sustainable global energy supply infrastructure : Net energy balance and density considerations (2011)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (30 p)
    Edition: 2011 World Bank eLibrary
    Parallel Title: Kessides, Ioannis N Toward a sustainable global energy supply infrastructure
    Abstract: This paper complements previous work on the economics of different energy resources by examining the growth potential of alternative electricity supply infrastructures as constrained by innate physical limits. Coal-fired generation meets the criteria of longevity (abundance of energy source) and scalability (effective capability to expand to the multi-terawatt level) which are critical for a sustainable energy supply chain, but it carries a very heavy carbon footprint. Renewables and nuclear power meet both the longevity and climate friendliness criteria. However, they vary in terms of their ability to deliver net energy at a scale needed for meeting a huge global energy demand. The low density of renewable resources for electricity generation and the current intermittency of many renewables limit their ability to achieve high rates of growth. And a significant global increase in nuclear power deployment could engender serious risks related to proliferation, safety, and waste disposal. Unlike renewable sources of energy, nuclear power is an unforgiving technology because human lapses and errors can have ecological and social impacts that are catastrophic and irreversible. The transition to a low carbon economy is likely to prove much more challenging than some optimists have claimed
    DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-5539
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The Future of the Nuclear Industry Reconsidered : Risks, Uncertainties, and Continued Potential (2012)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (70 p)
    Edition: 2012 World Bank eLibrary
    Parallel Title: Ioannis N. Kessides The Future of the Nuclear Industry Reconsidered
    Abstract: Skeptics point out, with some justification, that the nuclear industry's prospects were dimmed by escalating costs long before Fukushima. If history is any guide, one direct consequence of the calamity in Japan will be more stringent safety requirements and regulatory delays that will inevitably increase the costs of nuclear power and further undermine its economic viability. For nuclear power to play a major role in meeting the future global energy needs and mitigating the threat of climate change, the hazards of another Fukushima and the construction delays and costs escalation that have plagued the industry will have to be substantially reduced. One promising direction for nuclear development might be to downsize reactors from the gigawatt scale to less-complex smaller units that are more affordable. Small modular reactors (SMRs) are scalable nuclear power plant designs that promise to reduce investment risks through incremental capacity expansion; become more standardized and reduce costs through accelerated learning effects; and address concerns about catastrophic events, since they contain substantially smaller radioactive inventory. Given their lower capital requirements and small size, which makes them suitable for small electric grids, SMRs can more effectively address the energy needs of small developing countries
    DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-6112
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The Pricing Dynamics of Utilities With Underdeveloped Networks (2007)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (28 p.))
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Kessides, Ioannis N The Pricing Dynamics of Utilities With Underdeveloped Networks
    Keywords: Choice ; Consumers ; Costs ; Debt Markets ; Demand ; Discount Rate ; Diseconomies of Scale ; E-Business ; Economic Efficiency ; Economic Theory and Research ; Emerging Markets ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Financial Literacy ; Incentives ; Investment ; Low Tariffs ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Marginal Costs ; Markets and Market Access ; Monopoly ; Optimization ; Private Sector Development ; Urban Water Supply and Sanitation ; Water Supply and Sanitation ; Choice ; Consumers ; Costs ; Debt Markets ; Demand ; Discount Rate ; Diseconomies of Scale ; E-Business ; Economic Efficiency ; Economic Theory and Research ; Emerging Markets ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Financial Literacy ; Incentives ; Investment ; Low Tariffs ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Marginal Costs ; Markets and Market Access ; Monopoly ; Optimization ; Private Sector Development ; Urban Water Supply and Sanitation ; Water Supply and Sanitation ; Choice ; Consumers ; Costs ; Debt Markets ; Demand ; Discount Rate ; Diseconomies of Scale ; E-Business ; Economic Efficiency ; Economic Theory and Research ; Emerging Markets ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Financial Literacy ; Incentives ; Investment ; Low Tariffs ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Marginal Costs ; Markets and Market Access ; Monopoly ; Optimization ; Private Sector Development ; Urban Water Supply and Sanitation ; Water Supply and Sanitation
    Abstract: This paper uses an analytically tractable intertemporal framework for analyzing the dynamic pricing of a utility with an underdeveloped network (a typical case in most developing countries) facing a competitive fringe, short-run network adjustment costs, theft of service, and the threat of a retaliatory regulatory review that is increasing with the price it charges. This simple dynamic optimization model yields a number of powerful policy insights and conclusions. Under a variety of plausible assumptions (in the context of developing countries) the utility will find its long-run profits enhanced if it exercises restraint in the early stages of network development by holding price below the limit defined by the unit costs of the fringe. The utility's optimal price gradually converges toward the limit price as its network expands. Moreover, when the utility is threatened with retaliatory regulatory intervention, it will generally have incentives to restrain its pricing behavior. These findings have important implications for the design of post-privatization regulatory governance in developing countries
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Sunk costs, market contestability, and the size distribution of firms (2011)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (29 p)
    Edition: 2011 World Bank eLibrary
    Parallel Title: Kessides, Ioannis N Sunk costs, market contestability, and the size distribution of firms
    Abstract: This paper offers a new economic explanation for the observed inter-industry differences in the size distribution of firms. The empirical estimates-based on three temporal (1982, 1987, and 1992) cross-sections of the four-digit United States manufacturing industries-indicate that increased market contestability, as signified by low sunk costs, tends to reduce the dispersion of firm sizes. These findings provide support for one of the key predictions of the theory of contestable markets: that market forces under contestability would tend to render any inefficient organization of the industry unsustainable and, consequently, tighten the distribution of firms around the optimum
    DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-5540
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Regionalizing Infrastructure for Deepening Market Integration : The Case of East Africa (2012)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (30 p)
    Edition: 2012 World Bank eLibrary
    Parallel Title: Ioannis N. Kessides Regionalizing Infrastructure for Deepening Market Integration
    Abstract: The East African Community has long recognized that regional economic integration can yield significant welfare gains to its member states. To that end, the community has been making steady progress towards the removal of tariffs and quantitative restrictions to trade. Moreover, in recent years, there has been an increasing recognition that: (a) even greater welfare gains could be realized through deeper forms of regional integration which entail harmonization of legal, regulatory and institutional frameworks; and (b) reforms that reduce cross-border transaction costs and improve the performance of "backbone" infrastructure services are arguably even more important for the creation of an open, unified regional economic space than trade policy reforms narrowly defined. Disparities of regulatory treatment across borders can introduce distortions that hinder both cross-border trade and the aggregate flows of investment on a regional basis. Regulatory harmonization and infrastructure regionalization could make a significant contribution to the region's economic development by promoting a more efficient utilization of its human and physical resources, enhancing connectivity, reducing the costs of trade, and facilitating the integration of the continent with the global economy
    DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-6113
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 7
    Article
    Article
    Regulatory reform for closing Africa's competitiveness gap (2015)
    Show associated volumes/articles
    In:  The Oxford handbook of Africa and economics ; Vol.2: Policies and practices (2015), Seite 443-457 | year:2015 | pages:443-457
    Details
    ISBN: 9780199687107
    Language: English
    Pages: graph. Darst.
    Titel der Quelle: The Oxford handbook of Africa and economics ; Vol.2: Policies and practices
    Publ. der Quelle: Oxford [u.a.] : Oxford Univ. Press, 2015
    Angaben zur Quelle: (2015), Seite 443-457
    Angaben zur Quelle: year:2015
    Angaben zur Quelle: pages:443-457
    Keywords: Aufsatz im Buch
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    Article
    MPI-MMG
  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Current And Forthcoming Issues In The South African Electricity Sector (2007)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (81 p.))
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Maurer, Luiz Current And Forthcoming Issues In The South African Electricity Sector
    Keywords: Balance ; Coal ; Coal Reserves ; Distribution Facilities ; E-Business ; Electricity ; Electricity Distribution ; Electricity Supply ; Electricity System ; Electricity Utilities ; Electrification ; Energy ; Energy Production and Transportation ; Environment ; Private Sector Development ; Balance ; Coal ; Coal Reserves ; Distribution Facilities ; E-Business ; Electricity ; Electricity Distribution ; Electricity Supply ; Electricity System ; Electricity Utilities ; Electrification ; Energy ; Energy Production and Transportation ; Environment ; Private Sector Development ; Balance ; Coal ; Coal Reserves ; Distribution Facilities ; E-Business ; Electricity ; Electricity Distribution ; Electricity Supply ; Electricity System ; Electricity Utilities ; Electrification ; Energy ; Energy Production and Transportation ; Environment ; Private Sector Development
    Abstract: One of the contentious issues in electricity reform is whether there are significant gains from restructuring systems that are moderately well run. South Africa's electricity system is a case in point. The sector's state-owned utility, Eskom, has been generating some of the lowest-priced electricity in the world, has largely achieved revenue adequacy, and has financed the bulk of the government's ambitious electrification program. Moreover, the key technical performance indicators of Eskom's generation plants have reached world-class levels. Yet the sector is confronted today with serious challenges. South Africa's electricity system is currently facing a tight demand/supply balance, and the distribution segment of the industry is in serious financial trouble. This paper provides a careful diagnostic assessment of the industry and identifies a range of policy and restructuring options to improve its performance. It suggests removing distribution from municipal control and privatizing it, calls for vertical and horizontal unbundling, and argues that the cost-benefit analysis of different structural options should focus on investment incentives and not just current operating efficiency
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
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