ISBN:
9781461585411
Language:
English
Pages:
Online-Ressource
,
online resource
Edition:
Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
Parallel Title:
Erscheint auch als
Parallel Title:
Erscheint auch als
Keywords:
Science (General)
;
Social sciences.
;
Humanities.
Abstract:
Editorial introduction -- 1 Polymers -- 1.1 Introduction and history -- 1.2 Production of polymers -- 1.3 Nature of polymers -- 1.4 Thermoplastics and thermosets -- 1.5 Mode of polymerization -- 1.6 Thermodynamics of polymerization -- 1.7 Homopolymers and copolymers -- 1.8 Mechanism of polymerization -- 1.9 Industrial polymerization techniques -- 1.10 Properties of polymers -- 1.11 Suitability of polymers and mechanical properties -- 1.12 Fibres -- 1.13 Elastomers and rubbers -- 1.14 Composites -- 1.15 Individual polymers -- 1.16 Future trends -- 2 Dyestuffs -- 2.1 Origin -- 2.2 The economic importance of the dyestuffs industry -- 2.3 Colour and constitution -- 2.4 Classification of dyes -- 2.5 Major products -- 2.6 Principal dyes, pigments and related products -- 2.7 Dyestuffs manufacture -- 2.8 Current and future trends -- 3 The chlor-alkali, sulphur, nitrogen and phosphorus industries -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 The chlor-alkali industry -- 3.3 The nitrogen-based industries -- 3.4 The sulphur industry -- 3.5 Phosphorus-based industry -- 3.6 The future demand for bulk chemicals -- 3.7 Future developments 167 References and bibliography -- 4 The pharmaceutical industry -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 The world pharmaceutical market -- 4.3 Some representative drugs -- 4.4 The initiation of a project in the pharmaceutical industry -- 4.5 Financial and economic considerations -- 4.6 Health benefits -- 4.7 Future trends -- 5 Agrochemicals -- 5.1 Introduction229 -- 5.2 Present position of the industry -- 5.3 Discovery and development of new pesticides -- 5.4 Fungicides -- 5.5 Herbicides -- 5.6 Insecticides -- 5.7 Pesticide resistance -- 5.8 Integrated pest management -- 5.9 The future 281 References and bibliography -- 6 Biological catalysis and biotechnology -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Microbial synthesis of primary metabolites -- 6.3 Microbial synthesis of secondary metabolites -- 6.4 Microbial synthesis of proteins -- 6.5 Microbial transformations -- 6.6 Enzymatic processes -- 6.7 Artificial enzymes 344 References and bibliography -- 7 The future -- 7.1 Current situation -- 7.2 Significant influences -- 7.3 The future.
Abstract:
Background This book provides an introduction to the main sectors of the chemical industry, and complements An Introduction to Industrial Chemistry (sub sequently referred to as Volume I) which covers the physico-chemical principles of the subject, as well as introductory technical economics and chemical engineering. Processes considered include the large-scale production of polymers (up to 1000 tonnes per day for a single plant); the chlor-alkali, nitrogen, sulphur and phosphorus industries; and the production, on a smaller scale, of dyestuffs, pharmaceuticals and agrochemicals. The rapidly developing area of biotech nology is dealt with under biological catalysis. The consequences of scale of operation are also highlighted in Chapter 7. Each chapter includes common themes, such as brief history, present position, major products and the future. The final chapter links together the predictions made for the future of each sector, to give an overall projection for the whole chemical industry; the quadrupling of oil prices in 1974 and the widespread recession at the beginning of the 1980s provide a salutary lesson about the difficulty of such projections.
Description / Table of Contents:
Editorial introduction1 Polymers -- 1.1 Introduction and history -- 1.2 Production of polymers -- 1.3 Nature of polymers -- 1.4 Thermoplastics and thermosets -- 1.5 Mode of polymerization -- 1.6 Thermodynamics of polymerization -- 1.7 Homopolymers and copolymers -- 1.8 Mechanism of polymerization -- 1.9 Industrial polymerization techniques -- 1.10 Properties of polymers -- 1.11 Suitability of polymers and mechanical properties -- 1.12 Fibres -- 1.13 Elastomers and rubbers -- 1.14 Composites -- 1.15 Individual polymers -- 1.16 Future trends -- 2 Dyestuffs -- 2.1 Origin -- 2.2 The economic importance of the dyestuffs industry -- 2.3 Colour and constitution -- 2.4 Classification of dyes -- 2.5 Major products -- 2.6 Principal dyes, pigments and related products -- 2.7 Dyestuffs manufacture -- 2.8 Current and future trends -- 3 The chlor-alkali, sulphur, nitrogen and phosphorus industries -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 The chlor-alkali industry -- 3.3 The nitrogen-based industries -- 3.4 The sulphur industry -- 3.5 Phosphorus-based industry -- 3.6 The future demand for bulk chemicals -- 3.7 Future developments 167 References and bibliography -- 4 The pharmaceutical industry -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 The world pharmaceutical market -- 4.3 Some representative drugs -- 4.4 The initiation of a project in the pharmaceutical industry -- 4.5 Financial and economic considerations -- 4.6 Health benefits -- 4.7 Future trends -- 5 Agrochemicals -- 5.1 Introduction229 -- 5.2 Present position of the industry -- 5.3 Discovery and development of new pesticides -- 5.4 Fungicides -- 5.5 Herbicides -- 5.6 Insecticides -- 5.7 Pesticide resistance -- 5.8 Integrated pest management -- 5.9 The future 281 References and bibliography -- 6 Biological catalysis and biotechnology -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Microbial synthesis of primary metabolites -- 6.3 Microbial synthesis of secondary metabolites -- 6.4 Microbial synthesis of proteins -- 6.5 Microbial transformations -- 6.6 Enzymatic processes -- 6.7 Artificial enzymes 344 References and bibliography -- 7 The future -- 7.1 Current situation -- 7.2 Significant influences -- 7.3 The future.
DOI:
10.1007/978-1-4615-8541-1
URL:
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