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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Broadband internet, labor demand, and total factor productivity in Colombia (2018)
    Washington, D.C. : World Bank Group, Finance, Competitiveness and Innovation Global Practice Group
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 29 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 8318
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Ospino, Carlos Broadband Internet, Labor Demand, and Total Factor Productivity in Colombia
    Keywords: Breitbandkommunikation ; Internet ; Arbeitsnachfrage ; Produktivitätsentwicklung ; Kolumbien ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: This paper studies the relationship between information and communication technology, labor demand, and total factor productivity in Colombia. It estimates total factor productivity for the Colombian manufacturing sector using a method that assumes a law of motion where total factor productivity evolves according to an autoregressive process of order 1 as well as with the past use of broadband technologies. Using fixed effects models, the paper estimates the effect of broadband use on the labor demand of different workers, controlling for total factor productivity, capital, and wages. To address the potential endogeneity between broadband adoption and labor demand, the analysis uses state-industry level variation in broadband quality (speed) and intensity of use. The results show a positive association of broadband adoption on labor demand, suggesting that adoption of information and communication technology can offset the employment effects of technological growth. Attempts to identify causal effects using an instrumental variable approach were inconclusive
    DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-8318
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
    URL: Deutschlandweit zugänglich
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    Online Resource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Regional carbon pricing for international maritime transport : challenges and opportunities for global geographical coverage (2018)
    Washington, D.C. : World Bank Group, Climate Change Global Theme & Macroeconomics, Trade and Investment Global Practice Group
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 26 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 8319
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Dominioni, Goran Regional Carbon Pricing for International Maritime Transport: Challenges and Opportunities for Global Geographical Coverage
    Keywords: Schifffahrt ; Ökosteuer ; Welt ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: Although the existing literature identifies a fuel levy imposed by means of a global agreement as the most efficient policy for carbon pricing in the maritime sector, scholars and policy makers debate the possibility for regional measures to be introduced in case a global agreement cannot be achieved. This debate has highlighted several economic, legal, and political challenges that the implementation of an efficient and effective regional scheme would have to face. This paper compares the relative performance of various regional measures for carbon pricing based on the following criteria: jurisdictional basis, data availability, environmental effectiveness and avoidance strategies, impact on competitiveness, differentiation for developing countries, and incentives for reaching a global agreement. The main finding is that, if carefully designed, a cargo-based measure that covers the emissions released throughout the whole voyage to the cargo destination presents various advantages compared with other carbon pricing schemes. These advantages have been largely ignored in the literature
    DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-8319
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
    URL: Deutschlandweit zugänglich
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    Online Resource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Distributing Carbon Revenues from Shipping (2023)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other Environmental Study
    Keywords: Adaptation To Climate Change ; Carbon Revenues ; Climate Change Adaptation ; Decarbonization ; Environment ; GHG ; Greenhouse Gas Emissions ; International Shipping ; Maritime Infrastructure ; Zero-Carbon Energy
    Abstract: International shipping accounts for nearly three percent of global greenhouse gas emissions. If no further action is taken, these emissions are set to grow significantly. Apart from reducing emissions, there is a strong call for shipping's decarbonization to be equitable. In this light, the International Maritime Organization is considering a price on carbon. This could raise USD 40 to USD 60 billion annually in revenues between 2025 and 2050. The report discusses which countries could access carbon revenues, for what purposes, and on what terms. It argues that revenues should be used to decarbonize shipping, enhance maritime infrastructure, and support broader climate aims. This (mix of options to use carbon revenues) would speed up shipping's transition to zero-carbon energy, help build the necessary infrastructure, lower maritime transport costs, and result in climate benefits beyond maritime transport. It would also ensure that all countries, including those with no shipping industry or ports, could access carbon revenues. By developing a smart and flexible framework, the report shows how carbon revenues could be distributed to maximize climate benefits and support an equitable transition
    DOI: 10.1596/39876
    URL: Deutschlandweit zugänglich
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    Online Resource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Carbon Revenues From International Shipping : Enabling an Effective and Equitable Energy Transition; Summary for Policymakers (2022)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other Infrastructure Study
    Keywords: Carbon Policy and Trading ; Environment ; Industry ; Transport
    Abstract: The International Maritime Organization (IMO) is currently considering developing market-based measures to meet the objectives of its Initial Strategy on the Reduction of Greenhouse Gas (GHG) Emissions from Ships (Initial IMO GHG Strategy). While market-based measures are to reduce GHG emissions from international shipping as a matter of priority, some types of market-based measures, e.g. carbon levies or a cap-and-trade scheme without free distribution of emissions allowances, can raise significant revenues-thereby enabling an additional set of actions. Strategically using these revenues also appears more favorable than applying exemptions to address important equity considerations. Hence, the study investigates the unique potential of revenue-raising market-based measures to enable an effective and equitable energy transition and explores three questions: What could carbon revenues from international shipping be used for, who could be the recipients of such revenues, and how can adequate management of carbon revenues from international shipping be imagined? The study considers seven main revenue use options, of which some revenue uses appear more aligned with guiding principles of the Initial IMO GHG Strategy and other key desirable features (e.g., ability to deliver greater climate and development outcomes) than others. The analysis also suggests that splitting carbon revenues between the shipping sector and the use outside the sector could be a viable way forward. As primary recipients of carbon revenues, governments appear to be most suitable given the often blurred links between companies and countries in international shipping. However, to maximize climate and development outcomes, a share of carbon revenues may also be channeled to the private sector, including the shipping industry. The report stresses that expertise and experience from existing climate finance funds and international development organizations offering trustee services could be leveraged to inform and operationalize the management of carbon revenues from international shipping and to minimize transaction costs
    DOI: 10.1596/37241
    URL: Deutschlandweit zugänglich
    URL: Deutschlandweit zugänglich
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    Online Resource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
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