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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The Impact of Health Taxes in Armenia (2023)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: 2203
    Keywords: Alcohol ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Food and Nutrition Policy ; Health Taxes ; Health, Nutrition and Population ; High-Quality Health Care ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Sugar-Sweetened Beverages ; Tax Revenue ; Taxation and Subsidies ; Tobacco ; Universal Health Coverage
    Abstract: This report has been prepared by the World Bank, at the request of the MoH, to support ongoing efforts to improve population health and revenue mobilization in the sector. The study estimates the health impacts of increasing taxation on SSBs, alcohol, and tobacco across gender and income-quintiles. The revenue potential of these taxes is also explored. The target audience for these findings includes senior policymakers and technical advisers in the MoH, Ministry of Economy, and Ministry of Finance (MoF). The remainder of this report is organized as follows. In Chapter 2, the authors reviewthe current state of health and consumption taxes in Armenia. Chapter 3 outlines themethods used to estimate the change in tax revenue and consumption of alcohol, tobacco, and SSBs. Chapter 4 reports the analysis results, including the potentialadditional fiscal space and health gains. Finally, chapter 5 presents the conclusionsbased on the findings
    DOI: 10.1596/40345
    URL: Deutschlandweit zugänglich
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    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Invitations, incentives, and conditions : a randomized evaluation of demand-side interventions for health screenings in Armenia (2020)
    [Washington, DC, USA] : World Bank Group, Development Economics, Development Research Group & Health, Nutrition and Population Global Practice
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 34 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 9346
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Damien, Damien Invitations, Incentives, and Conditions: A Randomized Evaluation of Demand-Side Interventions for Health Screenings in Armenia
    Keywords: Graue Literatur
    Abstract: The study is a randomized controlled trial that investigates the impact of four demand-side interventions on health screening for diabetes and hypertension among Armenian adults ages 35-68 who had not been tested in the last 12 months. The interventions are personal invitations from a physician (intervention group 1), personal invitations with information about peer screening behavior (intervention group 2), a labeled but unconditional cash transfer in the form of a pharmacy voucher (intervention group 3), and a conditional cash transfer in the form of a pharmacy voucher (intervention group 4). Compared with the control group in which only 3.5 percent of participants went for both screenings during the study period, interventions 1 to 3 led to a significant increase in the screening rate of about 15 percentage points among participants. The highest intervention impact was measured among recipients in intervention group 4, whose uptake of screening on both tests increased by 31.2 percentage points. The levels of cost-effectiveness of intervention groups 1, 2, and 4 are similar while for intervention group 3 it is about twice more expensive per additional person screened
    DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-9346
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
    URL: Deutschlandweit zugänglich
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    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 3
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    Online Resource
    Reforming the Basic Benefits Package in Armenia : Modeling Insights from the Health Interventions Prioritization Tool (2021)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other Health Study
    Abstract: Armenia is an upper-middle-income (UMI) country in the South Caucasus region. The Coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic and a regional crisis have resulted in the real economy's contraction following rapid growth in the past five years. Improving access to high-quality health care is essential for responding to non-communicable diseases (NCDs) and preventing mortality from infectious diseases in Armenia. Armenia is faced with the challenge of achieving Universal Health Coverage (UHC) when funding for health services faces downward pressures due to a donor funding transition, the Coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic, and regional conflict. This report is part of the World Bank's technical support toward universal health coverage in Armenia, which includes advisory services and analytics aimed at supporting the government's efforts to expand access to high-quality health care. The report draws on the Health Interventions prioritization tool to optimize allocations across essential health services in the basic benefits package and estimate the potential impact of these allocations on population health
    DOI: 10.1596/35347
    URL: Deutschlandweit zugänglich
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    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 4
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    Online Resource
    Macroeconomic Effects of Financing Universal Health Coverage in Armenia (2021)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other Health Study
    Abstract: Armenia has made significant progress in improving population health outcomes over the past two decades. However, essential health care for non-communicable diseases (NCDs) is underutilized in part due to the cost of access. Armenia has also committed as a signatory to the Sustainable Development Goals, to making progress towards Universal Health Coverage (UHC). This commitment involves guaranteeing access to essential health care for all its citizens. The Ministry of Health (MoH) has developed a concept note for the introduction for Universal Health Insurance that proposes to mobilize additional revenue through payroll taxes or higher budgetary allocations to the sector. However, the Ministry of Finance (MoF) has noted that revenue mobilization options should ideally demonstrate positive returns in terms of economic growth and employment. Therefore, at the request of the MoH, the World Bank has modeled the macroeconomic impacts of options to increase domestic resource mobilization to finance universal access to essential health services in the basic benefits package. The analysis assumes that through UHC reforms that mobilize additional public spending, the government would cover the cost of ninety-five percent of household needs for health care from 2021 to 2050, and that the increase in the demand for care will be supported by improvements in supply-side efficiency. The results suggest that increasing direct taxes is better than increasing indirect taxes as the former are less distortionary and cause smaller allocative inefficiencies
    DOI: 10.1596/35688
    URL: Deutschlandweit zugänglich
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    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 5
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    Online Resource
    More Money for Health : Resource Mobilization for Universal Health Coverage in Armenia (2021)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other Health Study
    Keywords: Health Economics and Finance ; Health, Nutrition and Population ; Public Sector Development ; Public Spending
    Abstract: Armenia has made significant gains in population health, but faces challenges in ensuring health care access, due to financial barriers. As mortality caused by infectious diseases has fallen over the past two decades, the prevalence of noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) has increased. The NCD burden can be reduced via public health measures, such as tobacco control exposure, and access to high-quality health care. However, financial barriers to access are a significant challenge
    DOI: 10.1596/36793
    URL: Deutschlandweit zugänglich
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    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 6
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    Online Resource
    FinHealth Armenia : Reforming Public Financial Management to Improve Health Service Delivery (2020)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Other Health Study
    Abstract: This report aims to assess public financial management (PFM) bottlenecks in health service delivery and identify recommendations for the Ministry of Health (MOH) and its partners in Armenia. This PFM assessment identifies health sector-specific bottlenecks and recommends actions that the MOH and regional (Marz) health authorities can take. Governments have a central role to play in moving countries toward universal health coverage. In low- and middle-income countries, making progress toward universal health coverage involves financing mechanisms that allow for coverage for the formal sector, the poor and the informal sector, to improve the coverage of quality health services. PFM systems, the way public budgets are formed, executed, and monitored interact with health system functions to influence service delivery outcomes. This study builds on a body of research that links improved service delivery outcomes in the health sector to systems for fiscal sustainability, operational efficiency, fiscal transparency, and accountability. The evidence supports the proposition that governance matters for the effective use of public resources in health service delivery
    DOI: 10.1596/34747
    URL: Deutschlandweit zugänglich
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  • 7
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    Provider Payment Reforms for Improved Primary Health Care in Romania (2021)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Health, Nutrition and Population (HNP) Discussion Papers
    Keywords: Health Care Services Industry ; Health Economics and Finance ; Health Insurance ; Health Systems Development and Reform ; Health, Nutrition and Population ; Industry ; Universal Health Care
    Abstract: Romania faces high levels of amenable mortality reflecting, in part, the relatively low utilization rates of high-quality primary health care (PHC), particularly for non-communicable disease (NCD) prevention and treatment. Provider payment mechanisms do not reward the high-quality care provision and may incentivize bypassing of PHC for hospitals, exacerbating challenges presented by physical, financial, and social barriers to accessing essential care. This paper assesses provider payment mechanisms at the PHC level, by examining their design features and implementation arrangements, and exploring their implications for PHC performance in terms of access and quality of care. The authors conclude with policy recommendations to address the constraints identified. To increase the supply of preventative care and case management, the authors recommend that volume thresholds for fee-for-service payments reflect both the number of enrollees and physicians in a practice; laboratory tests required for case management be reduced in scope and their costs be reimbursed; and the law on health care reform be amended to enable the introduction of new payment mechanisms, such as performance-based payments. To expand the scope of PHC and strengthen care coordination with hospitals, periodic reviews by physician commissions should aim to expand the scope of PHC care in line with provisions in other European Union (EU) countries for ambulatory-care sensitive conditions; capitation payments should be adjusted for gender and historical service use to reduce incentive for over-referrals; and payment mechanisms that reward coordination of care, including bundled payments, should be introduced. To establish an enabling environment for provider payment reforms, health information systems should be strengthened by unifying diagnosis coding, establishing quality standards, and ensuring referral module functionality; payment reforms should be informed by extensive consultations with providers at all service delivery levels; and PHC spending should be increased to support higher reimbursement levels for providers and match expenditure levels in high-performing EU health systems
    DOI: 10.1596/36189
    URL: Deutschlandweit zugänglich
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    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
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