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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , graph. Darst.
    Series Statement: Less income inequality and more growth : are they compatible? 6
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department working papers 929
    Series Statement: Less income inequality and more growth
    Keywords: Amtsdruckschrift ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Note: Zsfassung in franz. Sprache , Systemvoraussetzungen: Acrobat Reader.
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  • 2
    Language: English
    Pages: 23 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.929
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  • 3
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (61 S.) , graph. Darst.
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department working papers 1051
    Keywords: 1995-2011 ; Finanzbeziehungen ; Nationaleinkommen ; Produktivität ; Öffentliche Investition ; Schule ; OECD-Staaten ; Education ; Governance ; Economics ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: Intergovernmental fiscal frameworks usually reflect fundamental societal choices and history and are not foremost geared towards achieving economic policy objectives. Yet, like most institutional arrangements, fiscal relations affect the behaviour of firms, households and governments and thereby economic activity. This paper presents empirical research on the potential effects of fiscal decentralisation on a set of outcomes such as GDP, productivity, public investment and school performance. The results can be summarised as follows: decentralisation, as measured by revenue or spending shares, is positively associated with GDP per capita levels. The impact seems to be stronger for revenue decentralisation than for spending decentralisation. Decentralisation is strongly and positively associated with educational outcomes as measured by international student assessments (PISA). While educational functions can be delegated either to sub-central governments (SCG) or to schools, the results suggest that both strategies appear to be equally beneficial for educational performance. Finally, investment in physical and – especially – human capital as a share of general government spending is significantly higher in more decentralised countries.
    Note: Zsfassung in franz. Sprache , Systemvoraussetzungen: Acrobat Reader.
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  • 4
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (32 S.) , graph. Darst.
    Series Statement: Fiscal consolidation across government levels 2
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department working papers 1071
    Series Statement: Fiscal consolidation across government levels
    Keywords: Finanzbeziehungen ; Finanzpolitik ; Regelbindung versus Diskretion ; OECD-Staaten ; Taxation ; Economics ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: Fiscal rules that constrain sub-central government (SCG) budgeting are very common across the OECD, but there are substantial cross-country differences in their implementation and impact. This paper presents the 2011 update of the fiscal rules database established in 2005. As in 2005, budget balance objectives are the most common form of rule along with borrowing constraints, while limits on SCG expenditure are rare. Because of trade-offs between objectives that fiscal rules must cater to, cross-country variation in the value of the composite indicator is low. There is, however, much more variation in country scores for the individual objectives of fiscal rules. Despite the increased focus on sustainability in public finances over recent years, indicator values have changed little since 2005 except for a few countries. This suggests that the sub-central fiscal rules framework was in place well before the recent crisis struck.
    Note: Zsfassung in franz. Sprache , Systemvoraussetzungen: Acrobat Reader.
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , graph. Darst.
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department working papers 952
    Keywords: Einkommensverteilung ; Umverteilung ; Gini-Koeffizient ; EU-Staaten ; Economics ; European Union ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: Poor growth performance over the past decades in Europe has increased concerns for rising income dispersion and social exclusion. European authorities have recently launched the Europe 2020 strategy which aims to improve social inclusion in Europe on top of already existing European regional policies aiming to reduce regional disparities through stimulating growth in areas where incomes are relatively low. While it is most common to confine measures of inequality to national borders, the existence of such union-wide objectives and policies motivates measuring income dispersion among all Europeans in this paper. Towards the end of the 2000s the income distribution in Europe was more unequal than in the average OECD country, albeit notably less so than in the United States. It is the within-country, not the between-country dimension, which appears to be most important. Inequality in Europe has risen quite substantially since the mid 1980s. While the EU enlargement process has contributed to this, it is not the only explanation since inequality has also increased within a “core” of 8 European countries. Large income gains among the 10% top earners appear to be a main driver behind this evolution.
    Note: Zsfassung in franz. Sprache , Systemvoraussetzungen: Acrobat Reader.
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