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Evaluation of the safety, gastroprotective activity and mechanism of action of standardised leaves infusion extract of Copaifera malmei Harms (2015)

Adzu, Bulus ; Balogun, Sikiru Olaitan ; Pavan, Eduarda ; [et al.]

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In: Journal of ethnopharmacology : an interdisciplinary journal devoted to bioscientific research on indigenous drugs Vol. 175 (2015), p. 378-389

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ISSN: 0378-8741

Language: English

Titel der Quelle: Journal of ethnopharmacology : an interdisciplinary journal devoted to bioscientific research on indigenous drugs

Publ. der Quelle: Shannon : Elsevier Science Ireland

Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 175 (2015), p. 378-389

DDC: 610

Abstract: Copaifera malmei Harms (Fabaceae) is a plant that occurs in the central region of Brazil, where the plant's leaves infusion is popularly used to treat gastric ulcer and inflammatory diseases. This study was aimed to investigate the gastroprotective activity and mode of action of the plants' leaves infusion in order to establish the scientific basis for such usage, and to assess its potential as a source of an anti-ulcer agent. Leaves infusion extract of the plant (SIECm) was prepared, freeze dried and lyophilised. Its qualitative and quantitative phytochemical constituents were investigated using TLC and HPLC techniques. The safety profile was evaluated on CHO-k1 epithelial cells viability using the Alamar blue assay, and by acute toxicity test in mice. The gastroprotection and anti-ulcer efficacy of the SIECm (25, 100 and 400mg/kg, p.o.) were tested using acute (acidified ethanol, piroxicam and water restrain stress), and chronic (acetic acid) experimental ulcer models. The plausible mode of action of the SIECm was assessed using gastric secretion, gastric barrier mucus, nitric oxide, and its antioxidant (myeloperoxidase and catalase) effects in mice and rats. The histopathological analyses of the ulcerated tissues as well as the extract's activity on Helicobacter pylori were also investigated. Phytochemical tests indicated the presence of mainly phytosterols, phenolics and flavonoids. The SIECm exhibited no cytotoxic effects on the CHO-k1 cells, and no oral acute toxicity in mice. It prevented against the acute induced ulcerations by enhancing gastroprotection through gastric mucus production, NO modulation, antioxidant, reduced gastric secretion and enhanced chronic ulcers healing process, as shown by reduction/prevention of epithelial and vascular damage, in addition to reduction in leucocyte infiltration. The SIECm however did not exhibit activity against H. pylori. The SIECm is safe, contain useful phytochemicals and exhibited significant gastroprotective/anti-ulcer effects. The results justify its folkloric usage, and provided scientific evidence of its potential as a source of new phytodrug to treat gastric ulcers.

DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2015.09.027

URL: Volltext

URL: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26408044

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OLC Ethnologie

2

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(Spreng.) Harms (2016)

Arunachalam, Karuppusamy ; Ascêncio, Sérgio Donizeti ; Soares, Ilsamar Mendes ; [et al.]

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In: Journal of ethnopharmacology : an interdisciplinary journal devoted to bioscientific research on indigenous drugs Vol. 184 (2016), p. 128-137

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ISSN: 0378-8741

Language: English

Titel der Quelle: Journal of ethnopharmacology : an interdisciplinary journal devoted to bioscientific research on indigenous drugs

Publ. der Quelle: Shannon : Elsevier Science Ireland

Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 184 (2016), p. 128-137

DDC: 610

Note: Copyright: © Elsevier Ireland Ltd

DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2016.03.005

URL: Volltext

URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0378874116301106

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OLC Ethnologie

3

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Helicteres sacarolha A. St.- Hil. et al.: gastroprotective and possible mechanism of actions in experimental animals (2015)

Balogun, Sikiru Olaitan ; Damazo, Amilcar Sabino ; de Oliveira Martins, Domingos Tabajara

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In: Journal of ethnopharmacology : an interdisciplinary journal devoted to bioscientific research on indigenous drugs Vol. 166 (2015), p. 176-184

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ISSN: 0378-8741

Language: English

Titel der Quelle: Journal of ethnopharmacology : an interdisciplinary journal devoted to bioscientific research on indigenous drugs

Publ. der Quelle: Shannon : Elsevier Science Ireland

Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 166 (2015), p. 176-184

DDC: 610

Abstract: Helicteres sacarolha A. St.- Hil. et al. popularly known in Brazil as 'semente-de-macaco', is widely employed in the popular medicine in many of parts of Brazil in the alleviation of symptoms of ailments such as peptic ulcer and inflammation. Up to the present, there is no study addressing the gastroprotective activity of the hydroethanolic extract of H. sacarolha and its possible mechanism of actions. The hydroethanolic (70%) extract of H. sacarolha (HEHs) was obtained by maceration. The gastroprotective activity was assessed using gastric ulcer models induced by acidified ethanol, piroxicam, and water restraint stress in mice and rats at doses of 20, 50 and 250mg/kg p.o. Mechanistic studies involved the antisecretory assay evaluated with pylorus ligation in rats and pre-treatments with appropriate antagonists/inhibitors such as yohimbine, glibenclamide, indomethacin and l-NAME, effect on catalase and myeloperoxidase activities and gastric mucus determination using acidified ethanol- induced ulcer in mice. HEHs at all doses tested demonstrated potent gastroprotective activities in the acute ulcer models. The gastroprotective activity of HEHs was attenuated by pre-treatments with yohimbine, glibenclamide, indomethacin and l-NAME. HEHs effectively reduced basal gastric juice production without any effect on the free and total acidity. The gastroprotective action of HEHs involved increasing the antioxidant enzyme catalase and mucus secretion and inhibition of neutrophyl infiltration as reflected by the reduction in the myeloperoxidase activity. The results of this study gave a scientific support for the popular use of the leaves of H. sacarolha in the treatment of gastric ulcers and that it has a multi-targeted action.

DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2015.03.021

URL: Volltext

URL: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25792014

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OLC Ethnologie

4

Article

Piper umbellatum L.: a medicinal plant with gastric-ulcer protective and ulcer healing effects in experimental rodent models (2016)

da Silva Junior, Iberê Ferreira ; Balogun, Sikiru Olaitan ; de Oliveira, Ruberlei Godinho ; [et al.]

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In: Journal of ethnopharmacology : an interdisciplinary journal devoted to bioscientific research on indigenous drugs (2016)

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ISSN: 0378-8741

Language: English

Titel der Quelle: Journal of ethnopharmacology : an interdisciplinary journal devoted to bioscientific research on indigenous drugs

Publ. der Quelle: Shannon : Elsevier Science Ireland

Angaben zur Quelle: (2016)

DDC: 610

DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2016.07.011

URL: Volltext

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OLC Ethnologie

5

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Hydroethanolic extract of the inner stem bark of Cedrela odorata has low toxicity and reduces hyperglycemia induced by an overload of sucrose and glucose (2015)

Giordani, Morenna Alana ; Collicchio, Thiago Carvalho Mamede ; Ascêncio, Sergio Donizeti ; [et al.]

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In: Journal of ethnopharmacology : an interdisciplinary journal devoted to bioscientific research on indigenous drugs Vol. 162 (2015), p. 352-361

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ISSN: 0378-8741

Language: English

Titel der Quelle: Journal of ethnopharmacology : an interdisciplinary journal devoted to bioscientific research on indigenous drugs

Publ. der Quelle: Shannon : Elsevier Science Ireland

Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 162 (2015), p. 352-361

DDC: 610

Abstract: Cedrela odorata L. (Meliaceae) is a native plant of the Amazon region and its inner stem bark is used in the treatment of diabetes in the form of maceration in Brazilian popular medicine. Until now, there is no scientific study on this activity. The present study was aimed at evaluating the anti-hyperglycemic activity, anti-diabetic, toxicity, antioxidant and potential mechanism of action of hydroethanolic extract of the inner stem bark of Cedrela odorata. The inner stem bark extract of Cedrela odorata was prepared by maceration in 70% ethanol for 7 days to obtain hydroethanolic extract of Cedrela odorata (HeECo). The preliminary phytochemical analysis was performed according to procedures described in the literature. Selected secondary metabolites detected were quantified by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Acute toxicity of HeECo was investigated in male and female mice with oral administration of graded doses of HeECo from 10 to 5000 mg/kg. Subchronic oral toxicity study was done by oral administration of HeECo (500 mg/kg) and vehicle for 30 days to both sexes of Wistar rats. Clinical observations and toxicological related parameters were determined. Blood was collected for biochemical and hematological analyses, while histological examinations were performed on selected organs. Anti-hiperglycemic and antidiabetic effects were evaluated in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. In acute evaluation, the animals received pretreatment with 250 and 500 mg/kg of HeECo, before carbohydrate overload. For subchronic effect, the antidiabetic activity of HeECo was evaluated using the same doses for 21 days. At the end of the treatments, the levels of triacylglycerols, malondialdehyde, total antioxidant status, superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase activities were evaluated in the plasma. The extract showed low acute toxicity. HeECo exhibited inhibitory activity against α-glucosidase and caused a lowering in the peak levels of blood glucose in animals that received glucose overload by 36.7% and 24.1% in the area under the glucose curve (AUC). When the overload was sucrose, HeECo reduced the blood glucose level by 44.4% without affecting AUC. Treatment with HeECo of the blood glucose of the diabetic animals for 21 days did not lead to improvement in weight gain and regularization of the blood glucose level, but reduced the triacylglycerol and malondialdehyde levels by 36.6% and 48.1%, respectively. The activity of the antioxidant enzymes, superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase were significantly increased when compared to diabetic control rats. HPLC analysis showed the presence of polyphenols, such as gallic acid, (-)- gallocatechin and (+)- catechin, the latter is present in higher quantity. Collectively, these data showed that HeECo could blunt the postprandial glycemic surge in rats; possibly through inhibition of alpha-glucosidase and positive modulation of antioxidant enzymes. Our findings confirmed the anti-hiperglycemic activity of HeECo in STZ- diabetic rats. Cedrela odorata is effective in diminishing glucose levels in vitro and in vivo and in ameliorating oxidative damage that occurs in diabetes and/or due to hyperglycemia in rats. According to our results, the efficacy of Cedrela odorata preparation could be due to the presence of active principles with different mode of actions at the molecular level, including α-glycosidases and glucose transporter inhibitors and antioxidant property.

DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2014.12.059

URL: Volltext

URL: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25562721

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OLC Ethnologie

6

Article

Ethnobotanical study of medicinal plants by population of Valley of Juruena Region, Legal Amazon, Mato Grosso, Brazil (2015)

Bieski, Isanete Geraldini Costa ; Leonti, Marco ; Arnason, John Thor ; [et al.]

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In: Journal of ethnopharmacology : an interdisciplinary journal devoted to bioscientific research on indigenous drugs Vol. 173 (2015), p. 383

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ISSN: 0378-8741

Language: English

Titel der Quelle: Journal of ethnopharmacology : an interdisciplinary journal devoted to bioscientific research on indigenous drugs

Publ. der Quelle: Shannon : Elsevier Science Ireland

Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 173 (2015), p. 383

DDC: 610

Abstract: The use of medicinal plants for treatment, cure and prevention of diseases has been described by many people since time immemorial. Because of this use, commercial and scientific interests have emerged, making it necessary to realize ethnobotanical surveys of medicinal plants species, which is important for subsequent chemical and pharmacological bioprospections. This study aimed at surveying, identifying, cataloging and documenting the medicinal plants species used in the Valley of Juruena, Northwestern Mato Grosso, Legal Amazon Brazil for the treatment of various human diseases, as well as assessed the species of interest for bioprospecting potential. Informants were interviewed using semi-structured form to capture information on socio-demographic and ethnopharmacological data of medicinal plants such as vernacular name, uses, geographic origin, habit, form of preparation and part used. Results were analyzed using descriptive and quantitative means: indices of use-report (Ur) and informant consensus factor (ICF), for the selection of plant species with therapeutic potential. Three hundred and thirty two (332) plants species belonging to 90 families were reported for medicinal purposes and totaling 3973 use-reports were reported by 365 (92.9%) of the people interviewed. Asteraceae (32.2%), Fabaceae (26.7%) and Lamiaceae (24.4%) families were the most represented, with majority being species native (64.45%) to Brazil. Leaves (64.5%) were the part of the plant most used and infusion (45.7%) was the most utilized form. Gastrointestinal disorders followed by respiratory complaints topped the list of use-reports. The native or naturalized plants with the highest use reports in the order of decreasing absolute frequency per each emic-category are Cymbopogon citratus (DC.) Stapfc (104), Mentha pulegium L. (94), Arrabidaea chica (Humb. & Bonpl.) B. Verl. (97), Alternanthera brasiliana (L.) Kuntze (71), Baccharis crispa Spreng (57), Phyllanthus niruri L. (48), Gossypium barbadense L. (44), Solidago microglossa DC. (40) and Bauhinia forficata L. (20). And the most cited exotics are: Chenopodium ambrosioides L. (151), Aloe vera (L.) Burm. f., (89) and Rosmarinus officinalis L. (72). In some cases, high ICF values were found, which reflects high degree of homogeneity of consensus among informants in this region on medicinal plants. The population of Valle of Juruena makes use of a wide array of medicinal plants distributed in all use categories with predominance of those use in the treatments of gastrointestinal and respiratory ailments. The therapeutic potential of some of the species of medicinal importance extensively utilized by the population of the region have been scientifically validated, and are therefore promising prototype of new drugs. However, there are some of these species whose ethnomedicinal uses are yet to be scientifically verified and thus constitute an unexplored terrain for future biological/pharmacological studies.

DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2015.07.025

URL: Volltext

URL: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26234177

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OLC Ethnologie

7

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Antibacterial mode of action of the hydroethanolic extract of Leonotis nepetifolia (L.) R. Br. involves bacterial membrane perturbations (2015)

Oliveira, Darley Maria ; Melo, Fernanda Germano ; Balogun, Sikiru Olaitan ; [et al.]

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In: Journal of ethnopharmacology : an interdisciplinary journal devoted to bioscientific research on indigenous drugs Vol. 172 (2015), p. 356-363

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ISSN: 0378-8741

Language: English

Titel der Quelle: Journal of ethnopharmacology : an interdisciplinary journal devoted to bioscientific research on indigenous drugs

Publ. der Quelle: Shannon : Elsevier Science Ireland

Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 172 (2015), p. 356-363

DDC: 610

Abstract: Leonotis nepetifolia (L) R. Br., Lamiaceae, a pantropical shrub, popularly known in Brazil as "cordão-de-frade", "rubim", is reportedly used in Brazilian ethnomedicine as well as in different countries in the treatments of ailments such as infections, inflammations, wounds, stomach disorders, among others. To evaluate its potential cytotoxicity and antibacterial mode of action of the hydroethanolic extract of L. nepetifolia (HELn) leaves, including phytochemical analysis. The cytotoxicity of HELn was investigated by Alamar blue assay, using CHO-K1 cells. Antibacterial activity of HELn was tested by broth microdilution methods against a panel of bacteria of clinical interest. The mode of action of L. nepetifolia was studied by targeting bacterial membranes. Phytochemical analysis was performed by determining total secondary metabolites with spectrophotometric assays and HPLC. HELn is not cytotoxic in the in vitro evaluation (IC50〉200 μg/mL). It demonstrated a good spectrum of antibacterial activity with major activity against Shigella flexneri, Enterococcus faecalis, Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis with MIC=6.25 µg/mL, Helicobacter pylori with MIC of 25 µg/mL and Streptococcus pyogenes with MIC of 50 µg/mL. Its mode of action is associated, at least partly, with changes in the permeability of bacterial membranes, as evidenced by the increased entry of hydrophobic antibiotics in Shigella flexneri and intense efflux of K(+) and nucleotide leakage in E. faecalis and Shigella flexneri. In addition, the presence of phenols, flavonoids and carotenoids, described in the literature to possess antibacterial effects, were detected in the composition of HELn, with high phenol content (11.55%), especially the flavonoids (6.47%). The results indicate that HELn has low cytotoxicity and potent antibacterial activity. It is bacteriostatic in nature, possibly acting at the level of bacterial membranes, especially on the cytoplasmic membrane and outer membrane, thus supporting its popular use in infectious processes. In addition, the presence of phenols, flavonoids, carotenoids, fatty acids and steroids, described in the literature as possessing antimicrobial activity, were detected in the composition of HELn.

DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2015.06.027

URL: Volltext

URL: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26102550

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OLC Ethnologie

8

Article

Gallesia integrifolia (Spreng.) Harms: In vitro and in vivo antibacterial activities and mode of action (2016)

Arunachalam, Karuppusamy ; Ascêncio, Sérgio Donizeti ; Soares, Ilsamar Mendes ; [et al.]

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In: Journal of ethnopharmacology : an interdisciplinary journal devoted to bioscientific research on indigenous drugs Vol. 184 (2016), p. 128-137

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Details

ISSN: 0378-8741

Language: English

Titel der Quelle: Journal of ethnopharmacology : an interdisciplinary journal devoted to bioscientific research on indigenous drugs

Publ. der Quelle: Shannon : Elsevier Science Ireland

Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 184 (2016), p. 128-137

DDC: 610

Abstract: Gallesia integrifolia (Phytolaccaceae) is commonly known as "pau-d'alho" in Brazil or "garlic plant" due to the strong scent of garlic peculiar to all parts of the plant. The bark decoction is used for the treatment of microbial infections among other diseases by different ethnic groups in Brazil, Peruvian Amazonians, Bolivia and Mosetene Indians. This study aimed to advance in the antibacterial activity and characterize the mode of action of the hydroethanolic extract of the inner stem bark of G. integrifolia (HEGi) using in vivo and in vitro experimental models. The qualitative and quantitative phytochemical analyzes of HEGi were carried out using colorimetric and HPLC technique. The cytotoxic potential of HEGi was evaluated against CHO-K1 cells by Alamar blue assay and its acute toxicity was assessed by the Hippocratic screening test using Swiss-Webster mice. The antibacterial activity was evaluated by micro- dilution method against ten strains of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. The mode of action of HEGi was investigated by outer membrane permeability, nucleotide leakage and potassium efflux assays. In vivo infection model was established by using Staphylococcus aureus infection model Wistar rats. Qualitative phytochemical analysis of HEGi revealed the presence of saponins, alkaloids, phenolic compounds and flavonoids. Phytochemical quantification of HEGi showed that higher total phenolic (80.10±0.62mg GAE/g) and flavonoid (16.10±0.03mg RE/g) contents. HPLC fingerprint analysis revealed the presence of gallic acid, rutin, and morin. In the Alamar blue assay no cytotoxic effect of HEGi in CHO-K1 cells was observed up to 200µg/mL, and no signs or symptoms of acute toxicity were observed in mice of both sexes at higher doses of up to 2000mg/kg, p.o. HEGi demonstrated bacteriostatic effect against selected Gram positive and Gram negative bacterial pathogens. Its mode of action is associated, at least partly, with changes in the permeability of bacterial membranes, evidenced by the increased entry of hydrophobic antibiotic in Pseudomonas aeruginosa, intense K(+) efflux and nucleotides leakage in Shigella flexneri, Streptococcus pyogenes and S. aureus. HEGi attenuated the experimental blood borne S. aureus infection in rats at all the tested doses levels (10, 50 and 250mg/kg). HEGi is safe at the dose tested when used acutely, and it presented broad antibacterial effect, which support its traditional use in the treatment of bacterial infections. It contains well known important phytochemicals, recognized to be active against bacterial pathogens in vitro and might be collectively responsible for the antibacterial activity of HEGi. It is bacteriostatic in nature, with membrane perturbation being one of it mode of action. HEGi represent a potential phytotherapic antibacterial agent.

DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2016.03.005

URL: Volltext

URL: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26945980

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OLC Ethnologie

9

Article

Ocimum gratissimum L. leaf flavonoid-rich fraction suppress LPS-induced inflammatory response in RAW 264.7 macrophages and peritonitis in mice (2017)

Ajayi, Abayomi Mayowa ; Martins, Domingos Tabajara de Oliveira ; Balogun, Sikiru Olaitan ; [et al.]

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In: Journal of ethnopharmacology : an interdisciplinary journal devoted to bioscientific research on indigenous drugs Vol. 204 (2017), p. 169-178

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ISSN: 0378-8741

Language: English

Titel der Quelle: Journal of ethnopharmacology : an interdisciplinary journal devoted to bioscientific research on indigenous drugs

Publ. der Quelle: Shannon : Elsevier Science Ireland

Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 204 (2017), p. 169-178

DDC: 610

DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2017.04.005

URL: Volltext

URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0378874117305263

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OLC Ethnologie

10

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Ethnobotanical study of medicinal plants used by Ribeirinhos in the North Araguaia microregion, Mato Grosso, Brazil (2017)

Ribeiro, Reginaldo Vicente ; Bieski, Isanete Geraldini Costa ; Balogun, Sikiru Olaitan ; [et al.]

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In: Journal of ethnopharmacology : an interdisciplinary journal devoted to bioscientific research on indigenous drugs Vol. 205 (2017), p. 69-102

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Details

ISSN: 0378-8741

Language: English

Titel der Quelle: Journal of ethnopharmacology : an interdisciplinary journal devoted to bioscientific research on indigenous drugs

Publ. der Quelle: Shannon : Elsevier Science Ireland

Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 205 (2017), p. 69-102

DDC: 610

DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2017.04.023

URL: Volltext

URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0378874116321973

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OLC Ethnologie