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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Services Inputs And Firm Productivity In Sub-Saharan Africa : Evidence From Firm-Level Data (2006)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (16 p.))
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Arnold, Jens Matthias Services Inputs And Firm Productivity In Sub-Saharan Africa
    Keywords: Access To Services ; Communications ; Data ; E-Business ; Economic Activities ; Economic Theory and Research ; Electricity ; Electronic Delivery ; Enterprise Survey ; Enterprise Surveys ; Export Markets ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Financial Literacy ; Financial Services ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Microfinance ; Private Sector Development ; Access To Services ; Communications ; Data ; E-Business ; Economic Activities ; Economic Theory and Research ; Electricity ; Electronic Delivery ; Enterprise Survey ; Enterprise Surveys ; Export Markets ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Financial Literacy ; Financial Services ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Microfinance ; Private Sector Development ; Access To Services ; Communications ; Data ; E-Business ; Economic Activities ; Economic Theory and Research ; Electricity ; Electronic Delivery ; Enterprise Survey ; Enterprise Surveys ; Export Markets ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Financial Literacy ; Financial Services ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Microfinance ; Private Sector Development
    Abstract: The authors investigate the relationship between the productivity of African manufacturing firms and their access to services inputs. They use data from the World Bank Enterprise Survey for over 1,000 firms in 10 Sub-Saharan African countries to calculate the total factor productivity of firms. The Enterprise Surveys also contain unique measures of firms' access to communications, electricity, and financial services. The availability of these measures at the firm level, both as subjective and objective indicators, allows the authors to exploit the variation in services performance at the subnational regional level. Furthermore, by using the regional variation in services performance, they are also able to address concerns about the possible endogeneity of the services variables. The results show a significant and positive relationship between firm productivity and service performance in all three services sectors analyzed. The authors thus provide support for the argument that improvements in services industries contribute to enhancing the performance of downstream economic activities, and thus are an essential element of a strategy for promoting growth and reducing poverty
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Services Reform and Manufacturing Performance : Evidence from India (2012)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (59 p)
    Edition: 2012 World Bank eLibrary
    Parallel Title: Arnold, Jens Matthias Services Reform and Manufacturing Performance
    Keywords: 1993-2005 ; Dienstleistungssektor ; Bankenreform ; Telekommunikation ; Verkehrssektor ; Wirtschaftsreform ; Handelsliberalisierung ; Produktivität ; Industrie ; Indien
    Abstract: The growth of India's manufacturing sector since 1991 has been attributed mostly to trade liberalization and more permissive industrial licensing. This paper demonstrates the significant impact of a neglected factor: India's policy reforms in services. The authors examine the link between those reforms and the productivity of manufacturing firms using panel data for about 4,000 Indian firms from1993 to 2005. They find that banking, telecommunications, insurance and transport reforms all had significant, positive effects on the productivity of manufacturing firms. Services reforms benefited both foreign and locally-owned manufacturing firms, but the effects on foreign firms tended to be stronger. A one-standard-deviation increase in the aggregate index of services liberalization resulted in a productivity increase of 11.7 percent for domestic firms and 13.2 percent for foreign enterprises
    DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-5948
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 3
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    Online Resource
    Mastering the transition: A synthetic literature review of trade adaptation policies (2022)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (40 Seiten) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.1719
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: International trade has supported economic convergence and poverty reductions in many emerging market economies. Nonetheless, there are significant challenges during the transition towards a more open economy. Reallocations of resources and structural change are one key source of aggregate productivity improvements, but they will come with adjustment costs. Less competitive firms and sectors may decline, while more competitive sectors will have to adapt and seize new opportunities from trade and global value chains. Some workers will move to more productive firms, change occupations, sectors or even location. Non-trade policies can help to smooth these challenges and support workers seize new opportunities. This paper reviews the existing literature on how policy reforms have managed to support structural change of economies.
    DOI: 10.1787/5fad3487-en
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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  • 4
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    Online Resource
    How effective are different social policies in Brazil? A simulation experiment (2021)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (11 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.1662
    Keywords: Economics ; Brazil
    Abstract: Brazil spends around 15% of GDP on different social benefits, but within these expenditures, different benefits have different social impacts. While the small conditional cash transfer programme Bolsa Família is well-targeted to the poor and has a strong diminishing effect on inequality, pension benefits largely reach those with above-median incomes. Over many years, and as a result of different indexation mechanisms, the real value of pension benefits has increased rapidly, while conditional cash transfers have struggled to keep pace with inflation. This paper presents a simulation experiment using household data to demonstrate the significant potential that changes in the annual benefit indexation mechanism of social security benefits could have had for reducing inequality. Maintaining the purchasing power of pension benefits while shifting the increased pension spending that resulted from automatic indexation towards conditional cash transfers would have allowed significantly stronger progress in reducing inequality. This strengthens the case for rethinking the current indexation mechanism of social security benefits in Brazil.
    DOI: 10.1787/47087376-en
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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  • 5
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    Online Resource
    Improving skills to harness the benefits of a more open economy in Brazil (2021)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (61 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.1661
    Keywords: Economics ; Brazil
    Abstract: As Brazil is significantly less integrated into international trade than other emerging market economies, opening up to trade has significant potential to create jobs that are more productive and better paid. At the same time, this will be associated with structural changes and adjustment costs. Some workers are required to move to more productive firms, change occupations, sectors or even location. In particular, low-skilled workers need to upgrade their skills to move into newly created medium-skilled jobs in expanding firms and sectors. Workers who stay in their jobs will face similar challenges as firms upgrade production processes towards more advanced technologies. Well-designed and well-funded training and adult education policies, combined with effective social protection and employment services, can go a long way to mitigate adjustment costs for low-skilled, unemployed and informal workers. Evidence suggests that training policies can make a real difference, provided that its content is aligned with skill demands in local labour markets. Moreover, the education system plays a fundamental role for preparing current and future generations for the challenges that international integration and rising digitalisation will bring about.
    DOI: 10.1787/222c1741-en
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Raising productivity through structural reform in Brazil (2021)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (46 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.1660
    Keywords: Economics ; Brazil
    Abstract: The recovery from the current deep recession caused by the COVID-19 pandemic will require raising productivity through structural reforms. This implies a number of challenges for economic policies. With large parts of the economy shielded from competition, firms face weak incentives to become more productive. Sizeable shares of labour and capital are trapped in low-productivity firms that survive on the back of support from distortive policies. Reallocation mechanisms such as continuous firm entry, exit or the growth of stronger firms on the expense of less productive ones appear weaker than elsewhere. Domestic regulatory burdens and market entry barriers are high, reducing domestic competitive pressures. External competition is hampered by high trade barriers that have precluded Brazil from the opportunities that an increasingly integrated world economy can offer. A fragmented tax system gives rise to one of the world’s highest tax compliance costs and a wide array of exemptions and special regimes reduces fairness and the redistribution effect of taxes. Financial markets used to be dominated by directed credit, but thanks to a successful policy reform that aligned directed lending rates with market rates, they are now undergoing a profound transformation. Challenges in contract enforcement suggest scope for changes in the organisation of the judiciary to reduce judicial uncertainty and reduce trial durations.
    DOI: 10.1787/84e6fbeb-en
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Filling in the gaps: Expanding social protection in Colombia (2022)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (57 Seiten) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.1715
    Keywords: Economics ; Colombia
    Abstract: The pandemic has highlighted significant gaps in social protection, in particularamong informal workers. With around 60% of workers in informal jobs, many of those most in need of social protection are left behind. The government has attempted to fill this gap with non-contributory benefits, but coverage and benefit levels are low. Better-off formal workers have access to a full range of social protection benefits, involving large-scale public subsidies that widen the gap. Labour informality and social protection coverage are interlinked, as high social contributions are one of the main barriers to formal job creation. Ensuring some universal basic social protection, while simultaneously lowering the cost of formal employment, would reduce labour informality, poverty and inequality and raise productivity, all of which are long-standing challenges in Colombia.
    DOI: 10.1787/a55224c7-en
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Regulation, allocative efficiency and productivity in OECD countries : industry and firm-level evidence (2008)
    Paris : Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, Economics Department
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (PDF-Datei: 67 S., 1,25 MB) , graph. Darst.
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department working papers 616
    Keywords: Amtsdruckschrift ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Note: Zsfassung in franz. Sprache , Systemvoraussetzungen: Acrobat Reader.
    DOI: 10.1787/241447806226
    URL: Volltext
    URL: Volltext
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  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Taxation and economic growth (2008)
    Paris : Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, Economics Department
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (PDF-Datei: 82 S., 0,81 MB) , graph. Darst.
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department working papers 620
    Keywords: Amtsdruckschrift ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Note: Zsfassung in franz. Sprache , Systemvoraussetzungen: Acrobat Reader.
    DOI: 10.1787/241216205486
    URL: Volltext
    URL: Volltext
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  • 10
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Prudential regulation and competition in financial markets (2009)
    Paris : Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, Economics Department
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (PDF-Datei: 63 S., 0,98 MB) , graph. Darst.
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department working papers 735
    Keywords: Amtsdruckschrift ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Note: Zsfassung in franz. Sprache , Systemvoraussetzungen: Acrobat Reader.
    DOI: 10.1787/220117664431
    URL: Volltext
    URL: Volltext
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