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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Consensus, Institutions, and Supply Response : The Political Economy of Agricultural Reforms in Sub-Saharan Africa (2011)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (25 p)
    Edition: 2011 World Bank eLibrary
    Parallel Title: Aksoy, Ataman Consensus, Institutions, and Supply Response
    Abstract: During the late 1980s and the 1990s, most countries in Sub-Saharan Africa implemented agricultural policy reforms, along with national political and economic reforms. The agricultural reforms focused on opening up processing and marketing activities to increased competition and eliminating export taxes and restrictions to improve producer incentives. In eight of nine country/commodity case studies analyzed in this paper, output responded positively in the short run to the reforms. In many cases, however, the initial supply response was not sustained in the face of subsequent shocks. The studies suggest that stakeholder consensus on the distribution of sector-specific rents is a key variable affecting the sustainability of supply responses. Agricultural sector reforms lead to large changes in income distribution. The greater the acceptance of the distribution of rents following the reforms, the better sectors are able to accommodate subsequent shocks. In cases where the initial consensus on the distribution of rents is weak, shocks lead to reform reversals in some cases or an inability to design necessary support institutions in others. The diversity in outcomes across similar products and countries suggests it is possible to achieve sector and local level results that differ from national ones
    DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-5782
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Growth Before And After Trade Liberalization (2006)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (50 p.))
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Salinas, Gonzalo Growth Before And After Trade Liberalization
    Keywords: Currencies and Exchange Rates ; Development ; Economic Conditions and Volatility ; Economic Growth ; Economic Indicators ; Economic Performance ; Economic Theory and Research ; Emerging Markets ; Exchange ; Exports ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Free Trade ; GDP ; GDP Per Capita ; Goods ; Income ; International Economics & Trade ; Investment ; Law and Development ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Poverty Reduction ; Private Sector Development ; Pro-Poor Growth ; Protectionism ; Theory ; Trade Law ; Currencies and Exchange Rates ; Development ; Economic Conditions and Volatility ; Economic Growth ; Economic Indicators ; Economic Performance ; Economic Theory and Research ; Emerging Markets ; Exchange ; Exports ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Free Trade ; GDP ; GDP Per Capita ; Goods ; Income ; International Economics & Trade ; Investment ; Law and Development ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Poverty Reduction ; Private Sector Development ; Pro-Poor Growth ; Protectionism ; Theory ; Trade Law ; Currencies and Exchange Rates ; Development ; Economic Conditions and Volatility ; Economic Growth ; Economic Indicators ; Economic Performance ; Economic Theory and Research ; Emerging Markets ; Exchange ; Exports ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Free Trade ; GDP ; GDP Per Capita ; Goods ; Income ; International Economics & Trade ; Investment ; Law and Development ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Poverty Reduction ; Private Sector Development ; Pro-Poor Growth ; Protectionism ; Theory ; Trade Law
    Abstract: The empirical study of the impact of trade liberalization has not convinced the skeptics about the economic gains after trade reforms. Some have even argued that trade reforms have led to economic collapse and to deindustrialization. Using a sample that excludes countries that were subject to major exogenous disruptions, the authors note that post-reform economic growth was 1.2 percentage points higher than before the reforms. This is remarkable considering that pre-reform periods were characterized by highly expansionary state policies and large external borrowing, and the crisis years that preceded trade liberalization in the comparisons are eliminated. Through multivariate fixed effects estimations the authors calculate that annual per capita GDP growth rates increased by up to 2.6 percentage points after the trade reforms, compared to a counterfactual that takes into consideration the evolution of several growth determinants. Moreover, trade liberalization has been followed by an acceleration of growth in investment, exports of goods and services, and manufacturing exports, and as opposed to common belief, outward orientation did not lead to significant deindustrialization and actually seems to have increased export diversification. Growth acceleration occurred irrespective of income per capita level and was quite significant in Sub-Saharan Africa. As expected, small countries benefited most from the reforms
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
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