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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Gender equality and economic growth in India : a quantitative framework (2015)
    Paris : OECD, Economics Dep.
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (59 S.) , graph. Darst.
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department working papers 1263
    Keywords: Frauen ; Erwerbstätigkeit ; Gleichberechtigung ; Wirtschaftswachstum ; Indien ; Economics ; India ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: This paper studies how public policies, including pro-women interventions, can raise female labour force participation and promote economic growth in India. The first part provides a brief review of gender issues in the country. The second part presents a gender-based OLG model, based on Agénor (2015) and Agénor and Canuto (2015), that accounts for women’s time allocation between market work, child rearing, human capital accumulation, and home production. Bargaining between spouses depends on relative human capital stocks. The model is calibrated and various experiments are conducted, including investment in infrastructure, conditional cash transfers, and a reduction in gender bias in the market place. The analysis shows raising female labour force participation with a package of pro-growth and pro-women policies could boost the growth rate by about 2 percentage points over time.
    Note: Zsfassung in franz. Sprache , Systemvoraussetzungen: PDF Reader.
    DOI: 10.1787/5jrtpbnt7zf4-en
    URL: Volltext
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Savings and the Terms of Trade under Borrowing Constraints (1999)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (44 p.))
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Agénor, Pierre-Richard Savings and the Terms of Trade under Borrowing Constraints
    Keywords: Arbitrage ; Capital Markets ; Consumers ; Consumption ; Economic Theory and Research ; Emerging Markets ; Exports ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Financial Literacy ; Income ; Liquidity ; Macroeconomic Shocks ; Macroeconomics ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Marginal Utility ; Open Economy ; Permanent Income ; Political Economy ; Prices ; Private Sector Development ; Real GDP ; Real Interest Rate ; Savings ; Trade ; Utility ; Variables ; Welfare ; Arbitrage ; Capital Markets ; Consumers ; Consumption ; Economic Theory and Research ; Emerging Markets ; Exports ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Financial Literacy ; Income ; Liquidity ; Macroeconomic Shocks ; Macroeconomics ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Marginal Utility ; Open Economy ; Permanent Income ; Political Economy ; Prices ; Private Sector Development ; Real GDP ; Real Interest Rate ; Savings ; Trade ; Utility ; Variables ; Welfare
    Abstract: June 2000 - When households face the possibility of borrowing constraints in bad times, favorable movements in the permanent component of the terms of trade may lead to higher rates of private savings. Agénor and Aizenman examine the extent to which permanent terms-of-trade shocks have an asymmetric effect on private savings. Using a simple three-period model, they show that if households expect to face binding constraints on borrowing in bad states of nature (when the economy is in a long trough rather than a sharp peak), savings rates will respond asymmetrically to favorable movements in the permanent component of the terms of trade-in contrast with the predictions of conventional consumption-smoothing models. They test for asymmetric effects of terms-of-trade disturbances using an econometric model that controls for various standard determinants of private savings. The results-based on panel data for nonoil commodity exporters of Sub-Saharan Africa for 1980-96 (a group of countries for which movements in the terms of trade have traditionally represented a key source of macroeconomic shocks)-indicate that increases in the permanent component of the terms of trade (measured using three alternative filtering techniques) indeed tend to be associated with higher rates of private savings. This paper is a product of Economic Policy and Poverty Reduction, World Bank Institute. Pierre-Richard Agénor may be contacted at pagenorworldbank.org
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The Credit Crunch in East Asia : What Can Bank Excess Liquid Assets Tell Us? (1999)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (38 p.))
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Agénor, Pierre-Richard The Credit Crunch in East Asia
    Keywords: Bank Cred Bank Lending ; Bank Loans ; Banks and Banking Reform ; Central Bank ; Commercial Banks ; Credit Rationing ; Currencies and Exchange Rates ; Debt Markets ; Demand For Cred Domestic Cred Finance ; Economic Theory and Research ; Emerging Markets ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Financial Intermediation ; Financial Literacy ; Fiscal Policies ; Future ; Interest ; Interest Rates ; Law and Development ; Liquid Assets ; Liquidity ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Monetary Fund ; Private Sector Development ; Profits ; Reserves ; Risk Of Default ; Settlement of Investment Disputes ; Working Capital ; Bank Cred Bank Lending ; Bank Loans ; Banks and Banking Reform ; Central Bank ; Commercial Banks ; Credit Rationing ; Currencies and Exchange Rates ; Debt Markets ; Demand For Cred Domestic Cred Finance ; Economic Theory and Research ; Emerging Markets ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Financial Intermediation ; Financial Literacy ; Fiscal Policies ; Future ; Interest ; Interest Rates ; Law and Development ; Liquid Assets ; Liquidity ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Monetary Fund ; Private Sector Development ; Profits ; Reserves ; Risk Of Default ; Settlement of Investment Disputes ; Working Capital
    Abstract: November 2000 - A two-step approach is used to assess the extent to which the credit crunch in East Asia was supply- or demand-driven. The results for Thailand suggest that the contraction in bank lending that accompanied the crisis was the result of supply factors. Agénor, Aizenman, and Hoffmaister propose a two-step approach for assessing the extent to which the fall in credit in crisis-stricken East Asian countries was a supply- or demand-induced phenomenon. The first step involves estimating a demand function for excess liquid assets held by commercial banks. The second step involves establishing dynamic projections for the periods after the crisis and assessing whether or not residuals are large enough to be viewed as indicators of an “involuntary” accumulation of excess reserves. The results for Thailand suggest that the contraction in bank lending that accompanied the crisis was the result of supply factors. Thai firms (presumably small and medium-size ones) faced binding constraints in getting access to credit markets after the crisis. This paper—a product of the Economic Policy and Poverty Reduction Division, World Bank Institute—is part of a larger effort in the institute to understand the macroeconomic effects of credit market imperfections. Pierre-Richard Agénor may be contacted at pagenorworldbank.org
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Disinflation, fiscal sustainability, and labor market adjustment in Turkey (2006)
    [Washington, D.C] : World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 3804
    Parallel Title: Agénor, Pierre-Richard Disinflation, fiscal sustainability, and labor market adjustment in Turkey
    Keywords: Fiscal policy ; Inflation (Finance) ; Labor market ; Fiscal policy ; Inflation (Finance) ; Labor market
    Abstract: "This paper analyzes the effects of monetary policy and fiscal adjustment on output and unemployment in Turkey. The model on which the analysis is based accounts for rural-urban migration, a large urban informal sector, flexible exchange rates, a dollarized banking system, and interactions between default risk on government liabilities, credibility, and inflation expectations. The short- and long-run effects of a rise in official interest rates and tax increases are analyzed. The results highlight the importance of accounting for the link between default risk and credibility in understanding the real and financial effects of macroeconomic adjustment. "--World Bank web site
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 1/10/2006 , Also available in print.
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Public Infrastructure And Growth : New Channels And Policy Implications (2006)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (59 p.))
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Agenor, Pierre-Richard Public Infrastructure And Growth
    Keywords: Children ; Clinics ; Death Rate ; Health ; Health Care ; Health Indicators ; Health Interventions ; Health Monitoring and Evaluation ; Health Outcomes ; Health Services ; Health, Nutrition and Population ; Hospitals ; Hygiene ; Implementation ; Transport ; Transport Economics, Policy and Planning ; Children ; Clinics ; Death Rate ; Health ; Health Care ; Health Indicators ; Health Interventions ; Health Monitoring and Evaluation ; Health Outcomes ; Health Services ; Health, Nutrition and Population ; Hospitals ; Hygiene ; Implementation ; Transport ; Transport Economics, Policy and Planning ; Children ; Clinics ; Death Rate ; Health ; Health Care ; Health Indicators ; Health Interventions ; Health Monitoring and Evaluation ; Health Outcomes ; Health Services ; Health, Nutrition and Population ; Hospitals ; Hygiene ; Implementation ; Transport ; Transport Economics, Policy and Planning
    Abstract: This paper provides an overview of the various channels through which public infrastructure may affect growth. In addition to the conventional productivity, complementarity, and crowding-out effects typically emphasized in the literature, the impact of infrastructure on investment adjustment costs, the durability of private capital, and the production of health and education services are also highlighted. Effects on health and education are well documented in a number of microeconomic studies, but macroeconomists have only recently begun to study their implications for growth. Links between health, infrastructure, and growth are illustrated in an endogenous growth model with transitional dynamics, and the optimal allocation of public expenditure is discussed. The concluding section draws implications of the analysis for the design of strategies aimed at promoting growth and reducing poverty
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Gender Equality and Economic Growth in Brazil : A Long-Run Analysis (2013)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (41 p)
    Edition: 2013 World Bank eLibrary
    Parallel Title: Agénor, Pierre-Richard Gender Equality and Economic Growth in Brazil
    Abstract: This paper studies the long-run impact of policies aimed at fostering gender equality on economic growth in Brazil. The first part provides a brief review of gender issues in the country. The second part presents a gender-based, three-period OLG model that accounts for women's time allocation between market work, child rearing, human capital accumulation, and home production. Bargaining between spouses depends on relative human capital stocks, and thus indirectly on access to infrastructure. The model is calibrated and various experiments are conducted, including investment in infrastructure, conditional cash transfers, a reduction in gender bias in the market place, and a composite pro-growth, pro-gender reform program. The analysis showed that fostering gender equality, which may partly depend on the externalities that infrastructure creates in terms of women's time allocation and bargaining power, may have a substantial impact on long-run growth in Brazil
    DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-6348
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Social Capital, Product Imitation and Growth with Learning Externalities (2013)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (42 p)
    Edition: 2013 World Bank eLibrary
    Parallel Title: Agénor, Pierre-Richard Social Capital, Product Imitation and Growth with Learning Externalities
    Abstract: Links between social capital, human capital, and product imitation are studied in an overlapping generations model of endogenous growth where the key benefit of social capital is to promote imitation. There is also a two-way interaction between imitation and human capital. Building social capital (which brings direct utility) requires time. Because life expectancy is endogenously related to human capital, time allocation between market work and social capital accumulation is also endogenously determined. Social capital accumulation depends also on access to infrastructure. The model is calibrated numerically for a low-income country. A policy that helps to promote social capital accumulation may be very effective to foster economic growth, even if it involves offsetting cuts in other productive components of government spending, such as education outlays or infrastructure investment. Offsetting cuts in infrastructure investment, however, may be less effective
    DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-6607
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Access to Finance, Product Innovation and Middle-Income Traps (2014)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (38 p)
    Edition: 2014 World Bank eLibrary
    Parallel Title: Agénor, Pierre-Richard Access to Finance, Product Innovation and Middle-Income Traps
    Abstract: This paper studies interactions between access to finance, product innovation, and labor supply in a two-period overlapping generations model with an endogenous skill distribution and credit market frictions. In the model lack of access to finance (induced by high monitoring costs) has an adverse effect on innovation activity not only directly but also indirectly, because too few individuals may choose to invest in skills. If monitoring costs fall with the number of successful projects, multiple equilibria may emerge, one of which, a middle-income trap, characterized by low wages in the design sector, a low share of the labor force engaged in innovation activity, and low growth. A sufficiently ambitious policy aimed at alleviating constraints on access to finance by innovators may allow a country to move away from such a trap by promoting the production of ideas and improving incentives to invest in skills
    DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-6767
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Gender gaps in the labor market and economic growth (2018)
    Washington, DC, USA : World Bank Group, Macroeconomics, Trade and Investment Global Practice
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 40 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 8661
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper
    Keywords: Graue Literatur
    DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-8661
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 10
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cyclical Effects of Bank Capital Requirements With Imperfect Credit Markets (2009)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (55 p)
    Edition: 2009 World Bank eLibrary
    Parallel Title: Agenor, Pierre-Richard Cyclical Effects of Bank Capital Requirements With Imperfect Credit Markets
    Abstract: This paper analyzes the cyclical effects of bank capital requirements in a simple model with credit market imperfections. Lending rates are set as a premium over the cost of borrowing from the central bank, with the premium itself depending on firms’ effective collateral. Basel I- and Basel II-type regulatory regimes are defined and a capital channel is introduced through a signaling effect of capital buffers on the cost of bank deposits. The macroeconomic effects of various shocks (a drop in output, an increase in the refinance rate, and a rise in the capital adequacy ratio) are analyzed, under both binding and nonbinding capital requirements. Factors affecting the procyclicality of each regime (defined in terms of the behavior of the risk premium) are also identified and policy implications are discussed
    DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-5067
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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