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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    COVID-19 age-mortality curves are flatter in developing countries (2020)
    [Washington, DC, USA] : World Bank Group, Human Development Global Practice
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 33 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 9313
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Demombynes, Gabriel COVID-19 Age-Mortality Curves are Flatter in Developing Countries
    Keywords: Graue Literatur
    Abstract: A greater share of reported COVID-19 deaths occur at younger ages in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) compared to high-income countries (HICs). Based on data from 26 countries, people age 70 and older constitute 37 percent of deaths attributed to COVID-19 in LMICs on average, versus 87 percent in HICs. Only part of this difference is accounted for by differences in population age structure. In this paper, COVID-19 mortality rates are calculated for each age group by dividing the number of COVID-19 deaths by the underlying population. The resulting age-mortality curves are flatter in countries with lower incomes. In HICs, the COVID-19 mortality rate for those ages 70-79 is 12.6 times the rate for those ages 50-59. In LMICs, that ratio is just 3.5. With each year of age, the age-specific mortality rate increases by an average of 12.6 percent in HICs versus 7.1 percent in LMICs. This pattern holds overall and separately for men's and women's mortality rates. It reflects some combination of variation across countries in age patterns of infection rates, fatality rates among those infected, and under-attribution of deaths to COVID-19. The findings highlight that experiences with COVID-19 in wealthy countries may not be generalizable to developing countries
    DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-9313
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
    URL: Deutschlandweit zugänglich
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    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Why are so many children stunted in the Philippines? (2020)
    [Washington, DC, USA] : World Bank Group, Health, Nutrition and Population Global Practice
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 67 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 9294
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Capanzana, Mario V Why are so Many Children Stunted in the Philippines?
    Keywords: Graue Literatur
    Abstract: Nearly one in three children under age five in the Philippines is stunted, a key marker of undernutrition. This rate is high for the country's level of income. This paper provides the first detailed multivariate analysis of potential drivers of stunting in the Philippines, using data from the 2015 National Nutrition Survey. Potential drivers are analyzed individually and grouped in major categories. The analysis finds that stunting between 24-60 months is principally associated with suboptimal prenatal conditions and inadequate food security and diversity. If the results are given a causal interpretation, they imply that if all Filipino newborns had adequate prenatal conditions, the fraction stunted at age 24-60 months would fall by 20 percent. Similarly, providing adequate food security and diversity to all Filipino children would reduce stunting by 22 percent. Other factors - including access to water, sanitation, and environmental conditions - have less strong associations with stunting. The results point to a series of policy priorities to reduce stunting: supporting the nutrition and health of expectant mothers, ensuring access to contraception to reduce adolescent pregnancy, and ensuring that children consume a variety of healthy foods, including protein-dense foods such as milk, meat, and eggs
    DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-9294
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
    URL: Deutschlandweit zugänglich
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    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Undernutrition in the Philippines : Scale, Scope, and Opportunities for Nutrition Policy and Programming (2021)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (198 pages)
    Series Statement: International Development in Focus
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Mbuya, Nkosinath V. N. Undernutrition in the Philippines
    Keywords: Unterernährung ; Ernährungssicherung ; Ernährungspolitik ; Philippinen
    Abstract: For nearly 30 years, the rates of both wasting and stunting in the Philippines have been nearly flat. For 2019, the rate of stunting among children under five years of age (28.8 percent) was only slightly lower than in 2008 (32 percent)-the prevalence of underweight in 2019 was 19 percent and that of wasting was 6 percent. Based on the World Health Organization's classification of undernutrition rates, the stunting prevalence of children in the Philippines is of "very high"? public health significance. The Philippines' 29 percent stunting rate places it fifth among countries in the East Asia and Pacific region, and among the top 10 countries globally. The Philippines' high levels of childhood undernutrition can lead to a staggering loss of the country's human and economic potential. The burden on the Philippines' economy brought by childhood undernutrition was estimated at USD 4.4 billion, or 1.5 percent of the country's GDP, in 2015. Undernutrition robs Filipino children of their chance at a bright future. When viewed through the lens of the World Bank's Human Capital Index (HCI), the country's 2020 HCI score of 0.52 predicts that the future productivity of children born today will be 48 percent below what they might achieve if they were to enjoy complete education and full health. Undernutrition in the Philippines: Scale, Scope, and Opportunities for Nutrition Policy and Programming presents a comprehensive, analytical work on this topic. It provides evidence of why it is critical that the government of the Philippines prioritize tackling this persistent challenge. The report assesses the determinants and causes of childhood undernutrition and reviews current policies and programs directed at addressing this problem. Based on these analyses, the report provides recommendations of how national policies and programs can be strengthened to reduce the high rates of undernutrition in the country. It sets out to inform the debate on the causes and potential solutions of undernutrition while identifying high-priority policies and policy commitments for action
    DOI: 10.1596/978-1-4648-1701-4
    URL: Deutschlandweit zugänglich
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    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    COVID-19 Age-Mortality Curves for 2020 are Flatter in Developing Countries using Both Official Death Counts and Excess Deaths (2021)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (29 pages)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Print Version: Demombynes, Gabriel COVID-19 Age-Mortality Curves for 2020 are Flatter in Developing Countries using Both Official Death Counts and Excess Deaths
    Keywords: Coronavirus ; COVID-19 ; Disease Control and Prevention ; Excess Mortality ; Health Indicators ; Health, Nutrition and Population ; Pandemic Impact
    Abstract: Using official COVID-19 death counts for 64 countries and excess death estimates for 41 countries, this paper finds a higher share of pandemic-related deaths in 2020 were at younger ages in middle-income countries compared to high-income countries. People under age 65 constituted on average (1) 11 percent of both official deaths and excess deaths in high-income countries, (2) 40 percent of official deaths and 37 percent of excess deaths in upper-middle-income countries, and (3) 54 percent of official deaths in lower-middle-income countries. These contrasting profiles are due only in part to differences in population age structure. Both COVID-19 and excess death age-mortality curves are flatter in countries with lower incomes. This is a result of some combination of variation in age patterns of infection rates and infection fatality rates. In countries with very low death rates, excess mortality is substantially negative at older ages, suggesting that pandemic-related precautions have lowered non-COVID-19 deaths. Additionally, the United States has a younger distribution of deaths than countries with similar levels of income
    DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-9807
    URL: Deutschlandweit zugänglich
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    Online Resource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Mind Over Matter in the Philippines : A Study of Key Stakeholders' Perceptions of Childhood Stunting (2020)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Health, Nutrition and Population (HNP) Discussion Papers
    Abstract: Declines in rates of child stunting in the Philippines have decelerated, making it hard for the country to achieve its targets on nutritional outcomes. The knowledge base, beliefs, and practices of caregivers have been extensively researched, but little is known about how health workers and policy makers fare in comparison. The authors conduct qualitative interviews, striving to preclude bias as we capture these stakeholders' views on factors that affect stunting, and go on to compare and contrast these perceptions. The authors subsequently investigate the importance of the different factors in detail through a large-scale quantitative survey with frontline health and nutrition workers. The findings suggest that while most workers' knowledge and beliefs are consistent with accepted practices, important deviations from consensus views exist, and these are correlated with worse self-reported service delivery outcomes at local health centers. The findings suggest that in the Philippines any endeavor to further improve service delivery must take into consideration the beliefs of frontline workers
    DOI: 10.1596/34377
    URL: Deutschlandweit zugänglich
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    Online Resource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
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